Nutritional assessment of cancer patients in Tehran, Iran

Background and objectives: Weight loss and malnutrition are common among cancer patients, these twofactors greatly affecting survival and quality of life during treatment. Since cancer is becoming increasinglycommon in the world and in order to provide better treatment measures, it is important to identify and preventside effects. The present study has been conducted in 2010 on a sample of cancer patients in the oncology center ofShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences to determine the prevalence rates of malnutrition and the factorsaffecting it. Methods: The PG-SGA standard questionnaire was administered to 416 cancer patients to evaluatetheir nutrition status and determine the frequency of each malnutrition stage. Correlations and ANOVA testswere used to analyze the relationship between factors and weight loss and how they might affect the developmentof malnutrition. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among the patients was 53.1% out of which 29.1% hadmoderate and 24% had severe malnutrition. The most common factors inducing nutritional symptoms weredepression and anorexia. Some 35 % of the patients had over 5% weight loss in the last mouth. The averagePG-SGA score was 10.1 with 49 being the highest. 46.1 percent of the patients scored over 9 (requiring criticalnutrient intervention). Malnutrition has a high correlation with weight loss, activity limitations, nutritionalsymptoms, and cancer stage, but low correlation with treatment and pathologic type. Conclusion: Malnutritionhas a high prevalence in Iranian cancer patients and has a close relationship with mortality, morbidity andtreatment-related problems and also quality of life. Therefore, periodical assessment by PG-SGA to detectmalnutrition in patients should be made so that appropriate nutritional interventions can be provided.     

恶性肿瘤住院患者营养状况与生活质量分析

目的:分析恶性肿瘤住院患者营养状况、生活质量现状及其相关性。方法:选取2018年2月至2018年11月我院入院的1 057例恶性肿瘤患者,采用NRS2002实施营养风险筛查、PG-SGA评估其营养状况、EORTC QLQ-C30调查其生活质量,在患者出院后收集住院期间营养支持情况。结果:1 057例患者中,34.3%存在营养风险,51.8%存在营养不良;营养良好组的白蛋白、血红蛋白、红细胞计数、体重、体质量指数、三头肌皮褶厚度、握力均高于营养不良组（P＜0.05）。营养良好组在总体健康状况及5个功能领域的分数高于营养不良组（P＜0.05）;在9个症状领域的得分低于营养不良组（P＜0.05）;营养状况与总体健康状况及5个功能领域呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与9个症状领域呈正相关（P＜0.05）。肿瘤患者营养支持率低,仅17.69%的患者得到营养支持。结论:恶性肿瘤住院患者营养状况普遍较差,营养不良影响患者生活质量。     

Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Cancer Patients during Treatment by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment: a Hospital-Based Study

Cancer patients frequently experience malnutrition. Cancer and cancer therapy effects nutritional status through alterations in the metabolic system and reduction in food intake. In the present study, fifty seven cancer patients were selected as subjects from the oncology ward of Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, India. Evaluation of nutritional status of cancer patients during treatment was carried out by scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). The findings of PG SGA showed that 15.8% (9) were well nourished, 31.6% (18) were moderately or suspected of being malnourished and 52.6% (30) were severely malnourished. The prevalence of malnutrition was highest in lip/oral (33.33%) cancer patients. The study showed that the prevalence of malnutrition (84.2%) was high in cancer patients during treatment.     

Validation of the Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in Thai Setting and Association with Nutritional Parameters in Cancer Patients

Background: The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a multidimensional toolto assess malnutrition and risk factors. The objectives of this study are to determine the validity of the Thai version ofthe Scored PG-SGA (Thai PG-SGA) and examine the correlations with selected nutritional parameters. Methods: Thisobservational analytic study included 195 cancer patients aged greater than 18 years at a university-affiliated hospital inBangkok, Thailand. All patients were assessed for nutritional status by Thai PG-SGA in comparison to subjective globalassessment (SGA). Anthropometry, body composition, and hand grip strength were evaluated. Results: According toPG-SGA global assessment categories, 39% (75) of 195 cancer patients were well nourished, 27% (53) were moderatelymalnourished and 34% (67) of patients were severely malnourished. Thai PG-SGA had a sensitivity of 99.1% and aspecificity of 86.0% at predicting SGA classification. PG-SGA numerical scores were significantly different betweenwell-nourished and malnourished groups (4.2 ± 2.4 Vs 16.3 ± 4.9; p < 0.001). The PG-SGA scores, nutritional statusassessed by PG-SGA, and nutritional status assessed by SGA were correlated with weight, % weight loss in one month,body mass index, body fat, and hand grip strength (p < 0.001) respectively. Conclusions: Thai PG-SGA showed highsensitivity and good specificity in predicting malnutrition in Thai cancer patients. This tool demonstrated the correlationswith anthropometric parameters, body composition, and muscle strength.     

Comparison of PG-SGA,SGA and body-composition measurement in detecting malnutrition among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in stage IIIB/IV and benign conditions

Assessment tools and body-composition measurements are useful in diagnosing malnutrition. Which one is better for lung disease patients is unclear. The objectives of the present study are: to assess relationships between different methods of nutritional measurements in lung diseases patients; to determine which one is better in diagnosing malnutrition for lung disease patients; and to determine whether lung cancer patients can be differentiated from benign lung disease patients using different measurements. A total of 96 newly diagnosed primary lung cancer patients in stage IIIB/IV and 52 benign lung disease patients nutritional status were assessed according to the SGA, the scored PG-SGA, and serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count, body mass index (BMI), and weight. A total of 40% of lung cancer patients were severely malnourished, with men or elder having a higher rate of malnutrition. Significantly lower values of weight, BMI, total lymphocyte count, transferrin, prealbumin and serum albumin were found for them. Age, sex, weight, weight half year ago and prealbumin are in the regression equation to predict them. For benign lung disease patients, 21.2% were severely malnourished with significantly lower values of weight and transferrin. Age and prealbumin are in the equation to predict severely malnourished benign lung disease patients. The highest receiver operation characteristic area under the curve was found for the PG-SGA score, BMI and weight. PG-SGA global rating, age and iron-transferring protein are in the equation for predicting disease status. The SGA and PG-SGA are appropriate for identifying malnutrition in lung disease patients. Lung cancer patients can be differentiated from benign conditions by PG-SGA.     

肿瘤营养相关状况诊断标准

营养相关状况主要指与营养或营养治疗相关的疾病总称。主要包括营养不良（营养不足）、肌肉减少症、虚弱症、超重和肥胖、微量营养素异常和再喂养综合征。本文主要介绍了肿瘤患者更为常见的营养相关状况：营养不良、恶液质、肌肉减少症及体重丢失的诊断标准。营养不良主要依据体重、体质指数（BMI）及评估量表诊断,评估方法包括主观整体评估、微型营养评价及患者主观整体评估。恶液质主要通过检测体重和骨骼肌指数、BMI诊断。肌肉减少症主要通过肌肉质量和力量及身体活动能力诊断。体重丢失主要通过体重丢失率诊断,要注意3个因素,即丢失的量、丢失的时间及丢失的成分。营养不良分为轻度、中度及重度营养不良;恶液质分为恶液质前期、恶液质期、恶液质难治期;肌肉减少症分为原发性肌肉减少症和继发性肌肉减少症;体重丢失分为0~4级。肿瘤营养相关状况诊断有利于明确肿瘤患者营养状态。     

Impact of Nutritional Status on the Quality of Life of Advanced Cancer Patients in Hospice Home Care

Background: Cancer patients frequently experience malnutrition and this is an important factor in impairedquality of life. Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the association between global quality of life andits various subscales with nutritional status among 61 (33 females and 28 males) advanced cancer patients caredfor by selected hospices in peninsular Malaysia. Methods: The Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA) and the Hospice Quality of Life Index (HQLI) were used to assess nutritional status and quality oflife, respectively. Results: Nine (14.7%) patients were well-nourished, 32 (52.5%) were moderately or suspectedof being malnourished while 20 (32.8%) of them were severely malnourished. The total HQLI mean score forthese patients was 189.9±51.7, with possible scores ranging from 0 to 280. The most problem areas in thesepatients were in the domain of functional well-being and the least problems were found in the social/spiritualdomain. PG-SGA scores significantly correlated with total quality of life scores (r2= 0.38, p<0.05),psychophysiological well-being (r2= 0.37, p<0.05), functional well-being (r2= 0.42, p<0.05) and social/ spiritualwell-being (r2= 0.07, p<0.05). Thus, patients with a higher PG-SGA score or poorer nutritional status exhibiteda lower quality of life. Conclusion: Advanced cancer patients with poor nutritional status have a diminishedquality of life. These findings suggest that there is a need for a comprehensive nutritional intervention forimproving nutritional status and quality of life in terminally ill cancer patients under hospice care.     

胃肠道肿瘤患者围化疗期营养状况的评价及对免疫功能的影响

目的:运用患者主观全面评价法(patient generated-subjective global assessment,PG-SGA)和营养风险筛查2002(nutrition risk screening 2002,NRS-2002)并结合实验室指标对围化疗期胃肠道肿瘤患者进行营养评价及免疫功能检测,观察营养不良及营养风险对相关临床指标的影响。方法:收集2012年2月至2014年2月期间于我院诊断为胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后待化疗患者80例,通过PG-SGA评分、NRS-2002评分、体格测量及实验室检测进行营养评价。检测T细胞亚群（CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+）。以PG-SGA评分作为营养评价指标,将80例化疗前患者分为A组（0-3分）、B组（4-8分）和C组（＞8分）,分别测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。其中资料完整的45例化疗患者于化疗6周期后重复上述内容,并观察化疗后并发症、平均住院时间。结果:PG-SGA评价结果为营养不良者占68.75%,NRS-2002评价结果营养不良者占42.50%。PG-SGA与NRS-2002分别与其他营养评价指标评价结果间均有显著相关性（P＜0.05）。随着营养不良评分的升高,CD4+和CD4+/CD8+均呈不同程度下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。PG-SGA评分与CD4+之间的相关系数r=－0.399(P＜0.01);PG-SGA与CD4+/CD8+之间的相关系数r=－0.655(P＜0.01)。胃肠道肿瘤患者化疗后营养不良发生率高于化疗前。化疗后与化疗前,CD4+/CD8+明显下降,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。化疗后营养不良组与营养良好组相比平均住院时间及并发症发生率显著增高（P＜0.05）。与无营养风险组相比,存在营养风险组的平均住院时间及并发症发生率显著增高（P＜0.05）。结论:联合运用PG-SGA、NRS-2002和实验室检测指标有助于提高肿瘤患者营养不良的诊断率。     

The relationship of nutritional status with anticancer immunity and its prognostic value for head and neck cancer

Malnutrition has been reported to be associated with reduced survival and deficient anticancer immunity, and undernourishment is a frequent comorbidity in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between nutritional status and immunologic factors, and its prognostic value for HNC. We retrospectively reviewed 212 HNC patients who had undergone a nutrition evaluation based on the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and curative radiotherapy (RT). The role of nutritional status in the prognosis of HNC and its correlation with anticancer immune response was assessed in HNC patients, and in the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue tumor animal model. Our data revealed that malnutrition (high PG-SGA scores) was significantly associated with more advanced disease, lower body mass index, lower RT completion rates, and reduced survival. Patients in the group with high PG-SGA scores had a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, higher proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and elevated IL-6 levels in the peripheral circulation. Patients with increased PG-SGA scores following treatment were more likely to developing locoregional failure. In the 4NQO-induced tumor model, nutritional supplementation decreased the rate of invasive tumor formation and attenuated the immune-suppressive microenvironment. Following ectopic tumor implantation in an immunocompetent host, nutrition supplements decreased tumor growth in association with attenuated MDSC recruitment and lower IL-6 expression. In conclusion, malnutrition by PG-SGA was associated with poor prognosis in HNC patients. Based on the data of HNC patients and the 4NQO-tumor model, adequate nutritional supplementation might improve the prognosis associated with augmented anticancer immunity.     

427例恶性肿瘤患者营养状况调查

目的 调查恶性肿瘤患者营养状况,探讨其是否存在性别和年龄差异及PG-SGA在肿瘤患者营养评估中的价值。方法 采用PG-SGA对427名恶性肿瘤患者进行营养状况评估,同时测定传统营养指标。结果 营养不良发生率在非老年与老年患者中差异有统计学意义,而在不同性别患者中差异无统计学意义。不同PG-SGA分级（A、B、C）患者BMI、TSF、MAC等营养指标差异均存在统计学意义。PG-SGA评分与各个指标呈负相关,进一步就性别进行分层分析,表明除Hb、MAMC两个指标外,女性PG-SGA评分与其他营养指标显著负相关,而男性PG-SGA评分与各个营养指标均呈负相关。结论 肿瘤患者营养不良发生率存在年龄差异。PG-SGA与传统营养指标之间具有良好关联性,但存在性别差异。     

肿瘤患者营养不良筛查评估及意义

肿瘤患者营养不良发病率高，尤其多见于消化道肿瘤、头颈部肿瘤和肺癌。门诊患者需要营养治疗建议的比例最低，住院患者较高，家庭护理患者需要营养治疗建议的比例最高。肿瘤相关蛋白质-能量营养不良可以产生多种负面影响，如治疗风险增加和死亡率提高，早发现、早诊断有利于肿瘤患者的康复和预后。营养不良筛查和评估工具的临床应用有利于肿瘤相关蛋白质-能量营养不良的早发现、早诊断。与人体测量相比，营养不良筛查和评估工具及临盘床预后一致性更好。SGA、MNA和PG-SGA都可以作为肿瘤患者营养不良的筛查和评估工具，有临床应用前景，其中PG-SGA是最适合肿瘤患者，敏感性和特异性均较高的方法，值得推广。     

Nutritional assessment and risk factors associated to malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in China. Patients with esophageal cancer are more likely to suffer from malnutrition. The purpose of this study is to assess nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer from multiple perspectives and analyze the risk factors. Methods: A total of 1482 esophageal cancer patients were enrolled in the study. We investigated the Scored Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) scores, NRS-2002 scores, Karnofsky performance status scores, anthropometric, and laboratory indicators of patients. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors of nutritional status. Results: PG-SGA (≥4) and NRS-2002 (≥3) showed the incidence of malnutrition were 76% and 50%, respectively. In the patients with PG-SGA score ≥4, the proportion of patients who did not receive any nutritional support was 60%. The incidence of malnutrition in females was significantly higher than that in males. Besides, abnormality rates of Red blood cell (P < 0.001), MAC (P = 0.037), and MAMC (P < 0.001) in males was significantly higher than that in females, while abnormality rates of TSF (P < 0.001) was lower than that in females. After adjusted with the other potential risk factors listed, unconditional logistic regression analysis indicated smoking (odds ratio: 2.868, 95% confidence interval: 1.660-4.954), drinking (OR: 1.726, 95% CI: 1.099-2.712), family history (OR: 1.840, 95% CI: 1.132-2.992), radiotherapy or chemotherapy (OR: 1.594, 95% CI: 1.065-2.387), and pathological stage (OR: 2.263, 95% CI: 1.084-4.726) might be the risk factors of nutritional status, while nutritional support can reduce the risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: Effective nutritional risk assessment methods and nutritional intervention measures can be adopted according to the research data to improve quality of life of esophageal cancer patients.     

血清Orexin A、ALB、Leptin水平用于胃肠道肿瘤营养不良预测的临床价值

目的:探析血清中细胞因子Orexin A、ALB、Leptin水平与胃肠道肿瘤营养不良的相关性,为临床营养状况评估提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2016年3月至2017年12月间在本院住院治疗的124例胃肠道肿瘤患者的诊疗数据,采用PG-SGA评分系统对患者营养状况进行评估,并对其血清中Orexin A、ALB、Leptin、TNF-α等细胞因子水平进行生化检测,采用Logistic回归方法分析胃肠道肿瘤营养中相关因素。结果:根据PG-SGA评分,A级（营养状况良好）患者43例,B级（中度或可疑营养不良）患者59例,C级（重度营养不良）患者22例。营养不良患者所占比例65.32%。单因素分析中,患者年龄、血清中Orexin A、ALB、TNF-α和Leptin水平与营养状态有关（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析得出患者血清中Orexin A（OR=1.075,95%CI:1.025~1.126）、ALB（OR=0.932,95%CI:0.681~1.276）、Leptin（OR=2.077,95%CI:2.009~2.148）的含量与营养状况有相关性。ROC曲线分析显示Orexin A（AUG=0.708）、ALB（AUG=0.791）、Leptin（AUG=0.592）水平均可用于胃肠道肿瘤患者营养不良的预测,且可用作联合诊断。结论:血清中Orexin A、ALB、Leptin水平与胃肠道肿瘤营养不良相关,可用于临床营养不良的预测。     

Validation of nutritional risk index method against patient-generated subjective global assessment in screening malnutrition in colorectal cancer patients

Objective：To validate malnutrition screening tool of nutrition risk index （NRI） against patent-generated subjective global assessment （PG-SGA） as a gold standard tool in colorectal cancer patients before radiotherapy.Methods：Nutritional status of 52 volunteer colorectal cancer patients with a mean age of 54.1±16.8 years who referred to radiotherapy center were assessed by PG-SGA （gold standard method） and NRI.Serum albumin levels of patients were determined by colorimetric method.A contingency table was used to determine the sensitivity,specificity,and predictive value of the NRI in screening patients at risk of malnutrition,in comparison with the PG-SGA in patients before radiotherapy.Results：The findings of PG-SGA and NRI showed that 52％ and 45％ of patients in our study were moderately or severely malnourished respectively.The NRI had a sensitivity of 66％ and a specificity of 60％ against PG-SGA.The positive predictive value was 64％ and the negative predicative value was 62％.The agreement between NRI and PG-SGA was statistically insignificant （kappa =0.267; P＞0.05）.Conclusions：The findings of present study showed that the prevalence of malnutrition was high in patients with colorectal cancer.Moreover,NRI method had low sensitivity and specificity in assessing nutritional status of patients with cancer.It seems that the combination of anthropometric,laboratory parameters and a subjective scoring system may be helpful tools in screening of malnutrition in cancer patients.     

Nutritional Status in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Receiving Chemoradiation and Assessing the Efficacy of Usual Care for Nutritional Managements

Background: Malnutrition is prevalent in esophageal cancer patients which affects cancer prognosis. The purpose of this study was a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status during Chemoradiation (CRT). Methods: Newly diagnosed adults with esophageal cancer were recruited for this study. Patient-Generated- Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), anthropometric indices, body composition, dietary intake, laboratory tests, and nutritional-related complications were assessed before, after, and 4 to 6 weeks after CRT. Results: Seventy-one cases were enrolled. The mean age was 66.8±12 years. Patients’ mean weight loss was 2.42±2.4 kilograms during treatment. A significant reduction observed in mean MUAC (26.68±4.9 vs. 25.42±5.1 cm), fat mass percentage (24.11±11.8 vs. 22.8±12.5), fat free mass index (16.87±2.4 vs. 16.47±2.6 kg/m2) and hand grip strength (43.2±19 vs. 36.1±20 kg) during CRT (all p-values <0.0001). We had also a non-significant change in mean energy intake (19.5±11 vs. 18.3±11 kcal/kgw. day) and protein intake (0.56±0.4 vs. 0.66±0.5 g/kgw.day) during CRT.  In our assessment before, immediately after and 4-6 weeks following CRT, we recorded energy intake insufficiency in 55.7%, 58.7% and 27.3% and protein intake inadequacy in 89.8%, 89.1% and 72.7% of cases, respectively. The most common complications were dysphagia (56.7%), anorexia (25%), and constipation (47.9%) at admission. Dysphagia improved in some cases (42%), but anorexia (35%), early satiety (25%), Esophagitis (25%), dysosmia (21%) and dysgeusia (17%) were increased as CRT complication. yet, 25% of patients had dysphagia and 34.4% had constipation 4-6 weeks after CRT. The twelve-months mortality was significantly associated with lower BMI after CRT, primary PG-SGA score, weight loss, BMI<18.5, MUAC, physical performance, living in rural or urban areas, addiction. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of malnutrition among esophageal cancer patients which worsened during Chemoradiotherapy. Our findings warrant early screening and monitoring of nutritional status and effective nutritional interventions with symptoms management during treatment in these patients.     

局部晚期鼻咽癌患者营养状况及其与预后相关性分析

目的:探讨局部晚期鼻咽癌患者营养状况及其与预后相关性。方法:分析2015年8月至2017年3月湖北省肿瘤医院收治的局部晚期鼻咽癌住院患者53例,联合运用患者主观整体营养评估量表(patient-generated subjective global assessment,PGSGA)、体格测量、血液学指标和放化疗不良反应,全面评估患者营养状况;采用Kaplan-Meier法及Cox风险比例回归模型对患者生存及影响因素进行分析。结果:53例患者中,94.3%(50/53)的患者出现体质量下降,下降均值为(6.89±0.54)kg,50.9%(27/53)的患者体质量下降≥10%;PG-SGA评估的患者重度营养不良发生率为84.9%(45/53);淋巴细胞计数、红细胞、血红蛋白、白蛋白与PG-SGA评分高度负相关(P<0.05),口腔黏膜炎、吞咽困难或疼痛、厌食、体质量下降百分比与PG-SGA评分高度正相关(P<0.05);单因素及多因素分析显示,TNM分期晚、治疗期间体质量下降≥10%与局部晚期鼻咽癌患者预后不良相关,而白细胞计数增加(在正常值范围内)与局部晚期鼻咽癌患者预后良好相关,差异均具有统计学意义(P=0.036,P=0.016,P=0.024)。结论:局部晚期鼻咽癌患者营养不良发生率高;PG-SGA评分联合体格测量、血液学指标和放化疗不良反应,能够更全面地评估患者营养状况;TNM分期晚、治疗期间体质量下降≥10%是局部晚期鼻咽癌患者预后的不良因素,而白细胞计数增加(在正常值范围内)是患者预后的有利因素。     

人体成分指标对预测鼻咽癌患者营养不良初步探讨

目的 探讨鼻咽癌患者同步放化疗期间营养状况与生活质量相关性,以期探索人体成分中评价营养不良最合适指标。方法 采用前瞻性方法以2014-2015年在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科48例鼻咽癌患者作为研究对象。采用欧洲肠外肠内营养学会营养不良诊断共识及患者主观整体评估方法进行营养评估,并采用生物电阻抗法观察同步放化疗期间患者的人体成分变化;采用Pearson法相关分析研究营养状况与生活质量的相关性;采用Logistics回归分析预测鼻咽癌患者营养状况的影响因素。结果 同步放化疗期间随时间变化人体成分指标如体重、体重指数、脂肪组织指数、去脂组织指数、体细胞量、骨骼肌量及相位角均有不同程度下降,患者主观整体评估评分逐渐升高(P=0.00)。根据2015年欧洲肠外肠内营养学会营养不良诊断共识检出放疗期间鼻咽癌营养不良发生率为2.1%~39.6%,根据患者主观整体评估评分检出率为12.5%~41.7%,两种方法在放疗第4、6周的一致性较好(Kappa=0.911、0.957)。放疗期间去脂组织指数和体重变化值与生活质量评分变化值存在相关性(r=0.805,P=0.00)(r=0.777,P=0.00)。因素分析显示年龄、脂肪组织指数、去脂组织指数对营养状况有显著影响(P=0.035、0.013、0.043)。结论 鼻咽癌患者放化疗期间营养状况下降明显,营养状况与患者生活质量密切相关,建立营养状况预测模型可更为全面准确地判断患者营养状况。     

癌性疼痛患者营养状况与血清C反应蛋白的相关性

目的 研究癌性疼痛患者营养状况、炎性反应水平及各项指标间的相关性。方法 选取146例癌痛患者为研究对象，采用NRS、NRS-2002、PG-SGA、人体测量、血液学检查等方法进行疼痛评估、营养风险筛查和营养状况评估，研究不同疼痛程度患者营养状态、炎性反应水平等各项指标的差异及相关性。结果 两组不同NRS评分患者NRS-2002、PG-SGA、胆碱酯酶差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。两组不同C反应蛋白浓度患者的前白蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白、胆碱酯酶、白细胞、中性粒细胞比例、淋巴细胞总数差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。相关性分析提示：NRS与胆碱酯酶、淋巴细胞总数和BMI呈负相关（P=0.000, P=0.003, P=0.000），与NRS-2002、PG-SGA呈正相关（P=0.003, P=0.000）。C反应蛋白浓度与前白蛋白、白蛋白、胆碱酯酶、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞总数呈负相关（P=0.000, P=0.000, P=0.000, P=0.002, P=0.004），与NRS-2002、PG-SGA呈正相关（P=0.020, P=0.028）。结论 癌性疼痛患者的营养风险和营养不良发生率都较高，具有较高血清C反应蛋白浓度的癌性疼痛患者的营养状况更差。     

不同营养评定（诊断）方法在胃癌围术期患者中的相关性研究

目的　调查胃癌围术期患者的营养状况，探讨不同营养评定（诊断）方法之间的相关性，以期指导临床选择合适的营养评定工具。方法　选择2019年6月至12月南京医科大学第一附属医院普外科胃病区收治的123例胃癌围术期患者，分别使用营养不良评定标准全球领导人共识（GLIM）、欧洲临床营养和代谢学会制定的营养不良诊断标准（ESPEN）和患者主观整体评估（PG-SGA）对患者进行营养评定，采用生物电阻抗技术测量患者的人体组成，并收集患者近期的血红蛋白、清蛋白、总蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白值及手握力值，采用Kappa一致性检验分析GLIM、ESPEN及PG-SGA评定结果的一致性，Spearman相关性分析探讨GLIM与人体组成评定指标及其他方法间的相关性。结果　GLIM与ESPEN评定结果的一致性较好（Kappa=0.267，P=0.010）；营养不良组的血红蛋白（111.9±15.8）、清蛋白（33.8±3.8）、脂肪组织（14.5±5.3）、脂肪组织百分比（23.9%±7.7%）、去脂肪组织指数（16.0±3.1）均显著低于营养良好组[数值分别为121.9±16.6、36.4±4.3、18.8±6.0、28.1%±8.7%、17.6±1.9]，差异有统计学意义；GLIM评定结果与FM（r=-0.392, P=0.001）、FM%（r=-0.283, P=0.015）、FFMI（r=-0.299, P=0.010）间呈负相关，与ESPEN评定结果（r=0.283, P=0.015）间呈正相关。结论　GLIM与ESPEN标准评定结果之间存在正相关关系，但一致性水平较低。因此，临床对患者进行营养评定时，应综合运用GLIM诊断标准、血液生化指标及人体组成评定指标FM、FM%、FFMI，以便更全面、准确地对胃癌围术期患者进行营养评定。     

全程营养管理在食管癌手术患者中的应用北大核心

目的:探讨全程营养管理对食管癌手术患者预后及营养状态的影响。方法:采取连续性方便取样的方法从2019年至2020年纳入于某肿瘤专科医院胸外科门诊就诊的细胞或组织学证实为食管鳞癌的患者100例为研究对象(研究组),从术前门诊开始就由营养师进行营养风险筛查,并根据“营养不良五阶梯治疗原则”进行营养干预,营养干预一直到术后1个月。同时回顾性连续性调查2017年至2018年细胞或组织学证实为食管鳞癌,于胸外科行首次食管鳞癌根治手术的100例住院患者为对照组,比较两组患者术后1个月的并发症发生率、住院时间及营养状态的变化。结果:术后1个月研究组患者并发症发生率明显低于对照组(32%vs 48%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者平均住院时间少于对照组[(22.56±11.37)天vs(26.98±14.20)天],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月,研究组白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)、白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、预后营养指数(prognosticnutritional index,PNI)明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:全程营养管理可明显降低食管癌术后并发症发病率,改善营养状态,改善预后。