乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术中不同染色淋巴结与肿瘤转移的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术(SLNB)中不同染色情况的淋巴结与肿瘤转移的关系。方法选择我院2014年1月至2018年1月行前哨淋巴结活检的乳腺癌患者92例,以亚甲蓝为示踪剂,根据92例乳腺癌患者SLNB中淋巴结染色情况的不同分为无染色组、完全染色组和染色不均组,病理检测3组患者淋巴结的肿瘤转移情况并作比较。结果92例乳腺癌SLNB共取得淋巴结256枚,平均每例患者2.8枚,无染色组(80枚)肿瘤转移率为13.8%,完全染色组(112枚)肿瘤转移率为43.8%,染色不均组(64枚)肿瘤转移率为62.5%,3组间肿瘤转移率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌SLNB中染色不均的淋巴结最易出现肿瘤转移,其次为完全染色的淋巴结,染色淋巴结附近看到的未染色淋巴结也有肿瘤转移的可能,宜一并切除送检,有利于降低假阴性率。     

108例前列腺癌根治标本全器官取材的临床病理学观察

目的：应用前列腺癌根治术标本的全器官取材方法观察前列腺癌的临床病理学特征。方法系统性全器官取材前列腺癌根治标本108例,并复习相关临床病理资料。结果患者年龄55~80岁(平均68．1岁),术前血清PSA平均值18．3μg/ml。病理分期：pT2期59例(54．6%,59/108),其中14例为pT2a期(23．7%,14/59),5例为pT2b期(8．5%,5/59),40例为pT2c期(67．8%,40/59);pT3期49例(45．4%,49/108);pT3a期29例(59．2%,29/49),其中pT3b期20例(40．8%,20/49)。84例同时送检盆腔淋巴结,3例可见淋巴结转移(转移率3．6%)。 Gleason评分：9例≤6分(8．3%),66例为7分(61．1%),33例≥8分(占30．6%)。29例存在Gleason 5生长方式。切缘状况：28例(25．9%)呈切缘阳性,21例为pT3期(75%),15例(53．6%)存在Gleason 5生长方式。术前活检与术后病理分期比较：pT2期肿瘤术前PSA平均值14．00μg/ml,肿瘤累及针数≤2针者占68．5%,>5针者占4．3%;pT3期肿瘤术前PSA平均值23．82μg/ml,肿瘤累及针数≤2针者占19．6%,>5针者占28．3%。 pT2期与pT3期肿瘤活检累及针数差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。术前活检指标在Gleason 6分者81．3%根治标本上升为7分或以上。结论要获得准确的病理分期、分级及切缘状况评估需全器官系统化取材前列腺癌根治标本。 PSA水平、Gleason评分、肿瘤累及针数是前列腺癌术前临床分期和危险度评估的良好指标。     

进展期胃癌腹腔镜辅助与开腹D2根治术中淋巴结清扫效果的对照研究

目的 探讨进展期胃癌腹腔镜辅助与开腹D2根治术两种术式中对淋巴结清扫的临床效果。方法 选取平煤神马集团总医院肿瘤科2013年3月—2016年3月行根治术的98例进展期胃癌患者资料进行回顾性研究。根据手术方式分为两组:腹腔镜组50例,其中男23例、女27例,年龄32~56岁;开腹组48例,男22例、女26例,年龄33~56岁;分别行腹腔镜辅助和开腹进展期胃癌D2根治术。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目,术后排气、恢复进食和住院时间。结果 与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间长,术中出血量少,术后排气时间、进食时间、住院时间均短,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。腹腔镜组和开腹组淋巴结清扫总数分别为(19.32±1.42)枚和(20.01±3.22)枚,第一站淋巴结清扫数量分别为(15.82±8.23)枚和(16.93±9.12)枚,第二站淋巴结清扫数量分别为(4.83±0.23)枚和(4.92±0.63)枚,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 腹腔镜辅助与开腹进展期胃癌D2根治术,两种术式的腹腔淋巴结清扫效果基本无差异;但腹腔镜辅助手术损伤小,患者术后恢复更快,值得临床推广应用。     

影响乳腺癌前哨淋巴结数目的临床病理特征分析

目的分析影响乳腺癌前哨淋巴结数目的相关因素,探讨最佳的前哨淋巴结活检值。方法回顾性分析2007年1月-2011年12月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检病例578例。采用Logistic回归模型分析前哨淋巴结数目与临床病理特征的相关性。结果全组女性,平均年龄49.9(21～90)岁。总共获得2 222枚前哨淋巴结,平均每例3.8枚(1～15)。淋巴结转移率17.8%(103/578),转移组和无转移组淋巴结数目无差异。单因素分析显示,术式、显像方法和体质指数影响前哨淋巴结数目(P<0.05)。多因素分析中,单纯乳房切除、联合显像、BMI≤30者前哨淋巴结较多(P<0.05)。前哨淋巴结限于5枚时,转移病例检出率100%。18.7%(108/578)病例不必继续送检淋巴结,298枚淋巴结免于切除。结论乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检数量受到显像方法、乳腺术式和体质指数的影响,5枚前哨淋巴结可能是一个比较合适的参考标准。     

侧方淋巴结清扫保留植物神经术治疗直肠癌的效果分析

目的分析腹腔镜下侧方淋巴结清扫保留植物神经术在治疗直肠癌中的效果。方法将46例中低进展期直肠癌患者分为侧方清扫组和对照组,侧方清扫组行腹腔镜下侧方淋巴结清扫保留植物神经术,在清除淋巴结时注意对腹前神经丛、盆神经丛和盆内脏神经的保护。对照组行传统的直肠癌根治术（不作侧方淋巴结清扫）。对两组手术时间、出血量、严重并发症、性功能、排尿情况、机体的免疫状况及淋巴结转移率进行比较。结果两组的平均手术时间、出血量差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后两组排尿、性功能、外周血CD3＋、CD4＋、IL-6、IgM、IgA、IgG水平两组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;侧方清扫组23例中发生侧方转移5例,占21.7%,对照组的侧方转移率为53.8%。结论侧方淋巴结清扫保留植物神经术在直肠癌患者的治疗中有一定的临床价值,其创伤小,大大提高了患者的术后生活质量,值得推广。     

微创远端胃癌手术结合D2淋巴结清扫治疗胃癌的临床疗效分析

目的探讨微创远端胃癌手术结合D2淋巴结清扫治疗胃癌的临床疗效。方法选择我院2010年9月至2012年9月收治的胃癌手术患者95例,剔除2例腹腔中转开腹患者共计纳入93例作为研究对象。按照手术方式的不同将93例患者分为观察组43例和对照组50例。观察组采用微创远端胃癌手术结合D2淋巴结清扫,对照组采用开腹手术结合D2淋巴结清扫。比较2组患者术中出血量、下床活动时间、手术时间、住院时间、淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症发生情况,及随访1年、3年和5年复发转移和死亡情况。结果观察组术中出血量少于对照组,下床活动时间早于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而2组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组清扫第一站淋巴结数、第二站淋巴结数和清扫淋巴结总数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率(6.98%)低于对照组(22.00%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者随访1年、3年和5年复发转移率和病死率均较低,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微创远端胃癌手术结合D2淋巴结清扫对胃癌患者临床疗效显著,术中出血量少,术后恢复快,并发症少,且远期随访复发转移和死亡少。     

盆腔淋巴结计数的应用解剖学研究及其临床意义

目的 探讨根治性膀胱全切术中盆腔不同清扫范围内淋巴结的清扫数目作为衡量盆腔淋巴结清扫(PLND)手术质量标准的可行性。方法 在19具成人尸体标本上模拟行超扩大PLND术,并将范围分为标准、扩大、超扩大3级及10个解剖区域,对每个区域淋巴结分别清扫及计数。计算超扩大、扩大和标准清扫解剖区域之内清除的淋巴结总数目及其变异系数(CV)。结果 超扩大PLND术产生的淋巴结数目29~72个,平均(46.1±12.5)个;扩大清扫为23~69个,平均(41.3±10.8)个;标准清扫为18~39个,平均(28.9±7.2)个;CV分别为27.2%、26.2%与25.1%。结论 盆腔各解剖区域淋巴结数目存在较大的个体差异。在根治性膀胱切除术中,应用最低淋巴结计数作为衡量PLND手术质量标准的合理性和可行性需进一步探讨。     

乳腺癌术中保留肋间臂神经的方法改进及临床意义

目的：探讨乳腺癌手术中采用溶脂法保留肋间臂神经的方法及临床意义。方法总结分析我院2013年1月至2013年6月50例Ⅰ~Ⅲa期乳腺癌患者的临床资料,将50例患者随机分为2组,其中保留组26例患者行腋窝淋巴结清扫时,采用溶脂方法完整保留肋间臂神经,切除组24例按照常规方法行腋窝淋巴结清扫,未保留肋间臂神经,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后淋巴结清扫数量及患者上臂感觉功能情况。结果保留组手术时间为(102.3±15.6) min,淋巴结清扫数量为(19.5±8.8)枚;切除组手术时间为(95.6±12.4) min,淋巴结清扫数量为(19.2±9.5)枚,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。保留组与切除组术中出血量分别为(51.2±11.5) mL与(98.5 ±13.4) mL,2组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1月观察患者上臂感觉功能情况,保留组患者中3例患者出现皮肤麻木、疼痛,占11.5%;切除组患者中20例出现不同程度的皮肤感觉异常,占83.3%,主要表现为感觉减退、麻木、疼痛及烧灼感,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患者随访半年后,保留组患者感觉异常症状均恢复,而切除组恢复不明显,仍表现不同程度的感觉异常,所有患者均未局部复发或远处转移。结论乳腺癌术中溶脂辅助保留肋间臂神经是在常规方法的基础上做了改进,操作方便,简单可行,腋窝血管神经更加清晰,保留肋间臂神经更加容易,且并未影响腋窝淋巴结清扫及手术时间。该方法降低了术后患侧上臂感觉异常的发生率,提高了患者生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

下咽癌颈部淋巴结转移特点及相关因素分析

目的探讨下咽癌颈部淋巴结转移特点及相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析我院经病理确诊的91例下咽癌患者的临床资料,转移淋巴结诊断参考术后病理及影像学诊断标准,χ²检验分析淋巴结转移规律及其与临床特征的关系。结果共82例患者有淋巴结转移,原发于环后区的下咽癌淋巴结转移率最高(100%),其次是梨状窝(94.3%)和咽后壁(72.2%)。原发灶T分期对转移率无影响(P=0.275)。同侧颈部Ⅱ、Ⅲ区转移率最高,对侧颈部Ⅱ区转移率最高。咽后壁受侵与Ⅶ区淋巴结转移显著相关(P=0.000),颈段食管受侵与Ⅵb区淋巴结转移显著相关(P=0.000)。颈部淋巴结转移枚数与颈部淋巴结的分布明显相关当仅有1枚淋巴结转移时,仅转移至同侧Ⅱ、Ⅲ区;当有2~3枚淋巴结转移时,同侧Ⅳ、Ⅶ区及对侧Ⅱ区也可发生转移;当转移淋巴结≥4枚时,除上述区域外,还可发生Ⅴ、Ⅵb及Ⅰb区淋巴结转移。结论下咽癌颈部淋巴结转移仍遵循逐站转移规律,最常见的是同侧Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区,其次为同侧Ⅳ区和Ⅶ区,对侧颈部以Ⅱ区最多;不同原发部位的淋巴结转移率各异,颈段食管受侵与Ⅵb区淋巴结转移相关,咽后壁受侵时Ⅶ区转移风险增高。     

胃中部癌157例临床研究

目的 探讨胃中部癌的早期诊断、淋巴结转移特点和清扫范围、胃切除术式与胃中部癌疗效上的关系.方法 分析了157例患者的临床资料,并作前后10年的历史对比,用生命表法统计生存率.结果 胃切除122例,切除率77.6%,其中根治性切除99例(63.1%),姑息性切除23例(14.6%),其余行转流、造瘘或者单纯手术探查等共35例(22.3%).无1例手术死亡,术后并发症率3.14%.总体淋巴结转移率:第Ⅰ站淋巴结转移率(N1)40.9%,第Ⅱ站淋巴结转移率(N2)36.0%,第Ⅲ站淋巴结转移率(N3)20.3%.所有病例1年生存率52.81%,3年生存率40.18%,5年生存率32.3%.本组胃中部癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期五年生存率分别为100%、46.7%、29.2%、7.4%.前10年Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃中部癌的比例分别为1.6%(1/64)、12.5%(8/64)、28.1%(18/64)、58.3%(37/64);后10年分别为6.5%(6/93)、20.4%(19/93)、39.8%(37/93)、33.3%(31/93).总的5年生存率前10年为23.3%,后10年为43.5%.结论 早期诊断是提高胃中部癌疗效的关键;胃切除术式并没有影响到患者的生存率(p>0.05),必须结合胃中部癌淋巴结转移的特点来选择胃切除术式和淋巴结清扫范围.     

Seminal vesicle invasion combined with extraprostatic extension is associated with higher frequency of biochemical recurrence and lymph node metastasis than seminal vesicle invasion alone: Proposal for further pT3 prostate cancer subclassification

The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system subdivides prostatic pT3 tumors into pT3a, which includes cases with extraprostatic extension (EPE) and pT3b, which is defined by the presence of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) with or without EPE. Yet, it is not established whether combined SVI and EPE impart a worse prognosis compared to SVI alone. We studied a cohort of 69 prostatectomy patients with SVI with or without EPE. Patient age at the time of radical prostatectomy was documented and Gleason score and presence or absence of EPE and/or SVI were determined. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as a PSA rise >0.2 ng/mL. The frequency of BCR was 33.9% in cases with combined EPE and SVI versus 12.5% in cases with SVI alone (relative risk = 2.71). An additional cohort of 88 patients also showed a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis of 29% in patients with combined SVI and EPE at the time of radical prostatectomy versus a 10% frequency of lymph node metastasis in patients with SVI alone (relative risk = 2.9). Based on our data, we propose further subdividing pT3 prostate cancers into three groups: EPE alone (pT3a), SVI alone (pT3b), and combined EPE and SVI (pT3c). This classification system would more accurately identify patients with pT3 prostate cancer who are more likely to experience worse outcomes and provide clinicians with additional information to aid in follow-up and postoperative treatment decisions.     

Potential pathological understaging of pT3 rectal cancer with less than 26 lymph nodes recovered: a prospective study based on a resampling of 50 rectal specimens

The aim of the paper was to establish if the 12 lymph nodes recommended by tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) system are sufficient for a correct staging of rectal cancer. For this purpose, we first compared the mean number of lymph nodes recovered in the same surgical specimen at the routine sampling and at a resampling performed by a second expert gastrointestinal pathologist. The study was performed on 50 cases of pT2N0 and pT3N0 rectal cancers, with a minimum number of 12 lymph nodes recovered at first sampling, histologically negative for metastases. Resampling retrieved a variable number (1 to 24) of nodes missed at first sampling. The final pN0 status was maintained in pT2 patients, whereas in 18.7% of pT3 patients, metastatic lymph nodes were detected if the mean number of lymph nodes increased from 17.8 to 26.8 after the second sampling. Interestingly, all pN1 patients had only a single metastatic lymph node measuring less than 4.9 mm. As we have shown that most (five out of six) missed metastatic lymph nodes were detected in specimens in which a maximum number of 19 lymph nodes had been originally recovered, we strongly suggest a resampling of pT3N0 rectal specimens if less than 20 lymph nodes have been recovered.     

Benign glandular inclusion in obturator lymph node of a man treated for prostate carcinoma

Benign glandular inclusions in lymph nodes are extremely rare in men. Their identification is essential because it changes dramatically the prognosis and therapy of neoplasms. Described herein is the first case of benign glandular inclusion in an obturator lymph node dissected during a radical prostatectomy for treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma. A 60-year-old man underwent radical prostatectomy and obturator-hypogastric lymph node dissection for treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma. Benign glandular inclusion was found in microscopic examination. The lesion was characterized by two glandular spaces lined by a single, cuboid, benign epithelium localized in the sinus of one of four dissected lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry showed mesothelial differentiation. Pathologists should be aware of benign glandular inclusion in obturator lymph nodes dissected during a radical prostatectomy for treatment of prostate cancer in order to avoid the incorrect diagnosis of metastatic disease.     

The influence of lymph node counts on the detection of pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer.

The present study was done to determine the influence of tumor stage and the patients' age on the number of pelvic lymph nodes obtained during standard pelvic lymphadenectomy before radical retropubic prostatectomy. Furthermore, we assessed whether the number of pelvic lymph nodes examined affects the sensitivity of pN-classification. The data of 283 consecutive patients who had undergone standardized open pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically organ-confined prostate cancer were reviewed retrospectively. There were striking interindividual differences in the number of lymph nodes (5-40; median: 16). The quantity was independent of pathologic tumor stage (pT) and the patients' age. In cases with 13 or more lymph nodes examined, the rate of metastatic involvement was twice as high as in lower lymph node counts. The detection of lymph node metastases--and consequently the prognostic accuracy of pN-classification--is mainly influenced by the total number of lymph nodes examined. These data suggest that at least 13 lymph nodes should be investigated to achieve optimum information.     

Accuracy and cost of intraoperative lymph node frozen sections at radical prostatectomy

AIM: To assess the value of intraoperative diagnostic examination of frozen sections of lymph nodes removed during radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Pelvic lymph nodes from patients with prostatic carcinoma were obtained (1) as frozen sections during radical prostatectomy, to exclude patients from non-curative surgery, and (2) as paraffin sections postoperatively from lymphadenectomy performed at radical prostatectomy, to stage the tumour and assess need for adjuvant treatment. Findings from the two approaches were used to assess the accuracy and cost of frozen section diagnosis, and to judge the results of omitting intraoperative diagnosis. RESULTS: In 82 patients frozen section revealed metastasis in six (7.3%), and metastases were found in a further four (4.9%) on paraffin sections (false negatives). Of the 195 patients undergoing staging lymphadenectomy (without frozen section), metastatic cancer was seen in nine cases (4.6%). The frozen section cost of metastatic cancer detection per patient was calculated as 7516 Pounds (550 Pounds x 82/6), with an associated false negative rate of 33%. CONCLUSIONS: Frozen section diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in pelvic lymph nodes before radical prostatectomy has a high false negative rate and is costly. It may not be justified with the observed low incidence of lymph node metastasis.     

The pattern and timing of lymphatic metastasis of the rat carcinoma LMC1

The distribution pattern and latency of lymphatic metastases naturally disseminated by the Leeds Mammary Carcinoma (LMCI) when transplanted subcutaneously in isogeneic Johns' Strain Wistar rats has been determined. After the curative local irradiation and excision of the primary tumour in 210 rats, 55 ± 3 per cent developed either local (26 ± 3 per cent), and/or regional (28 ± 3 per cent) and/or distant (37 ± 3 per cent) lymph node metastases.Analysis of their pattern of distribution suggests that metastasis to local (inguinal and lumbar) and distant (axillary and mediastinal) nodes results mainly from the radial dissemination, trapping and nodal proliferation of cells released by the primary tumour. Although direct metastasis to the para-aortic node may have occurred, in the main seeding of this site and thence to other, regional, i.e. iliac and/or adrenal nodes, resulted from the dissemination of tumour cells from the local nodes.The latency of metastases appearing at different sites after primary tumour ablation, although highly variable, was site dependent and for local, regional and distant nodes was 30 ± 14, 48 ± 16, 56 ± 17 days respectively. In addition, the latency of metastases at regional and distant nodes was directly correlated with the latency of local metastases. The latency of adrenal and iliac metastases also correlated with para-aortic node metastasis, as did mediastinal with axillary lymph node metastasis. From the data, a semi-quantitative model of lymphatic metastasis has been developed for further evaluation and adjuvant chemotherapy testing.     

Size and histologic characteristics of lymph node material retrieved from tissue discarded after routine pathologic examination of lung cancer resection specimens

Redissection of discarded lung resection specimens after routine pathology examination reveals missed lymph node metastasis. We sought to determine if size can be used to grossly select lymph nodes for microscopic examination. This is a prospective cohort study of lymph nodes retrieved from discarded lung resection specimens. The association between size and histologic characteristics of retrieved material was compared by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. We retrieved 1094 grossly ‘lymph node–like” tissue from 112 remnant lung resection specimens, of which 345 (32%) proved not to be lymph nodes and 71 (9%) of 749 lymph nodes had metastasis. Metastasis was present in discarded nodes in 26 (23%) of 112 patients. The non–lymph node tissue was significantly smaller than lymph nodes (P < .0001); lymph nodes with metastases were significantly larger than those without metastases (P < .0001). However, there was significant size overlap between the 3 types of grossly lymph node–like tissue. Thirty-two percent of nodes with metastasis were less than 1 cm; 15% of patients had at least 1 lymph node less than 1 cm with metastasis. The size difference between lymph nodes with and without metastasis is clinically unhelpful because of broad overlap. Size is insufficiently discriminatory and cannot be relied on to select materials for histologic examination. A third of grossly retrieved material was non–lymph node tissue. This probably occurs during routine pathologic examination and likely contributes to the low N1 lymph node count.     

Lymphatic microvessel density as prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.

Lymph node metastases is an important prognostic indicator for disease progression and crucial for therapeutic strategies in the work-up of colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we investigated tumor lymphangiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression as predictive markers for the risk of lymph node metastasis and their relation to other prognostic parameters in colorectal carcinoma. Resected colorectal carcinomas from 90 patients were examined, including 30 patients without lymph node metastases, 30 with only lymph node metastases, and 30 with liver metastases. Cases were immunostained for CD31, D2-40, and VEGF. Positivity stained microvessels were counted in densely vascular/lymphatic foci (hot spots) at x 400 field (=0.17 mm2). Intensity of staining for VEGF was scored on a two-tiered scale. D2-40 lymphatic microvessel density demonstrated significant correlation with CD31 counts (20+/-9 vs 18+/-6/0.17 mm2 field, P<0.05) and VEGF expression (P<0.01). VEGF was expressed in 61/90 (67%) cases. D2-40 identified lymphatic tumor invasion in 48/90 patients, which was greater than CD31 (37/90) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (31/90). There was a positive significant correlation of D2-40, CD31 counts, and VEGF expression with the presence of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases (P<0.05). D2-40 lymphatic microvessel density correlated significantly with depth of invasion (pT), positive vascular pedicle lymph nodes and liver metastases (P<0.05). In conclusion, D2-40 lymphatic microvessel density showed prognostic significance with positive correlation with lymphovascular invasion, pT, and metastases to lymph nodes and liver. Immunostaining with D2-40 enhances the detection of lymphatic invasion relative to H&E staining and the endothelial marker, CD31.     

鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结转移规律对放疗靶区设计的影响

目的 探讨鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结的转移规律,为优化鼻咽癌的靶区勾画提供依据。方法 收集我院2009年1月~2017年12月初诊的190例鼻咽癌患者的临床资料,分析咽后淋巴结转移的影像学特征及与分期的关系。结果 190例鼻咽癌患者中有121例出现咽后淋巴结转移,咽后淋巴结转移率为63.68%。121例患者咽后淋巴结均分布于外侧组,无内侧组淋巴结转移;其中单侧转移者66例（54.54%）,双侧转移者55例（45.45%）;淋巴结的中心位置最主要分布于C1椎体。不同T分期、N分期及临床分期咽后淋巴结转移率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 鼻咽癌咽后淋巴结主要以外侧组转移为主,中心位置主要位于C1椎体,咽后淋巴结的转移可能与分期相关。咽后淋巴结内侧组转移率较低,IMRT时可不进行预防性照射。