大鼠GLUT3基因启动子区荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建与鉴定

目的:克隆大鼠葡萄糖转运体3(glucose transporter 3,GLUT3)基因启动子区,并构建其萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因载体。方法:在对大鼠GLUT3基因5′侧翼区进行详尽生物信息学特征分析后,设计相应引物,用PCR的方法从大鼠基因组中扩增出GLUT3基因5′侧翼区-1037～155bp段长为1 292bp的启动子区(以翻译起始点ATG为+1),再用定向克隆的方法将这一启动子区片段定向重组入专门用于启动子活性研究的萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因载体(pGL3-basic)中,构建出包含大鼠GLUT3基因启动子区的萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因载体(pGL3-GLUT3),电泳与测序鉴定,最后再将pGL 3-GLUT3与内参pRL-TK用脂质体转染的方法瞬时共转染PC12和原代培养的神经元中,通过双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统鉴定pGL 3-GLUT3的启动子活性,并用独立样本t检验方法进行统计分析。对照组共转染pGL3-basic与内参pRL-TK。结果:构建出荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-GLUT3。与转染空质粒pGL3-basic组相比,原代神经细胞中转染pGL3-GLUT3组荧光素酶活性升高(5.182 9±0.264 8 vs 2.893 1±0.775 4,P=0.008),在PC12细胞中转染pGL3-GLUT3组荧光素酶活性也升高(2.797 7±0.512 0 vs 1.179 8±0.312 5,P=0.010)。结论:成功克隆GLUT3基因启动子区,并构建出包含GLUT3基因启动子片段的荧光素酶报告基因载体,并且在PC12和原代培养的神经元中pGL 3-GLUT3可以表现出启动子活性。这为后续大鼠GLUT3基因转录调控研究提供研究素材。     

抑癌基因BRCA1启动子荧光素酶报告基因的构建及活性测定

目的:克隆人BRCA1基因的启动子,构建荧光素酶报告基因载体,并在细胞内检其活性,为其后续基因凋控研究提供依据。方法:采用PCR技术,从人正常宫颈组织细胞中扩增出BRCA1启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中,测序所扩增的DNA序列,将其转染入HCT 116细胞中并检测其活性。结果:酶切及基因测序方法证实所构建质粒含有pGL3-basic全序列及BRCA1启动子上游调控序列,扩增的BRCA1启动子序列正确;双报告基因实验检测荧光素酶活力表明,p53缺失的HCT116细胞中BRCA1启动子明显增加（P<0.05）,构建的报告基因具有启动子活性。结论:克隆BRCA1启动子及成功构建人BRCA1启动子报告基因,可实现快速、经济和准确地克隆已知基因启动子分子和构建启动子载体的目的。     

p53RFP基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建及鉴定

目的 构建人p53RFP基因启动子序列不同截短片段的荧光素酶报告基因载体,研究启动子的转录活性.方法 PCR扩增人p53RFP基因启动子区域不同长度的目的片段,克隆到pGL3-Basic中,构建启动子区域3个不同截短片段的荧光素酶报告基因载体,经双酶切和基因测序鉴定正确后,转染HEK293细胞,双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测荧光素酶活性.结果 成功构建了p53RFP启动子不同截短片段的荧光素酶报告基因载体,经双荧光素酶报告基因检测分析,3个启动子片段均具有转录活性.结论 成功构建了人p53RFP基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体,为研究p53RFP基因的转录调控机制提供了实验基础.     

HMGB1启动子荧光素酶报告基因的构建及鉴定

目的：构建高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）启动子驱动的荧光素酶报告基因的真核表达载体pGL3-HMGB1P,转染肺泡上皮细胞（A549）后检测报告基因在机械牵张刺激中的转录活性.方法：以A549细胞基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR技术扩增HMGB1启动子片段,测序正确后克隆入荧光素酶报告基因表达载体pGL3,将重组质粒pGL3-HMGB1P导入A549细胞,检测不同强度机械牵张（分别为5%和20%）刺激下荧光素酶的活性变化.结果：PCR和测序结果表明扩增的HMGB1启动子序列正确,酶切检测证实重组真核表达载体pGL3-HMGB1P构建成功.在5%牵张应变作用下,转染pGL3-HMGB1P的A549细胞荧光素酶活性是转染空载体pGL3-Basic的2.9倍（P〈0.05）;而在20%牵张应变作用下,转染pGL3-HMGB1P的A549细胞荧光素酶活性是转染空载体pGL3-Basic的6.2倍（P〈0.01）.结论：利用荧光素酶报告基因系统证实机械牵张可诱导HMGB1转录表达增加,为深入研究HMGB1转录表达的调控机制提供了基础.     

人细胞表面黏附分子P选择素启动子报告基因的构建及鉴定

目的构建人细胞表面黏附分子P选择素（p-selectin）基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-pselectin-promoter,检测其 转录活性,并应用于筛选药物对其转录活性的影响。方法根据UCSC软件查找的人基因组DNA的p-selectin启动子序列并设 计两端引物,扩增人基因组DNA中的p-selectin启动子。用限制性内切酶KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切质粒pGL3-Basic和p-selectin启 动子后,将p-selectin基因启动子插入到pGL3-basic报告基因载体上。重组质粒命名为pGL3-pselectin-promoter。将其与内参 质粒pRL-SV40瞬时共转染293F细胞,检测双荧光素酶活性。对不同启动子片段长度的p选择素报告基因进行双荧光素酶的 检测。以炎症因子和药物分组刺激转染了报告基因质粒的293F细胞并检测双荧光素酶活性。结果成功构建p-selectin基因启 动子荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-pselectin-promoter,质粒酶切及测序结果完全正确。瞬时共转染pGL3-pselectin-promoter/ pRL-SV40 组荧光素酶活性为0.8573±0.4703,高于转染pGL3-Basic/pRL-SV40 组的荧光素酶活性值0.03955±0.05894。 pGL3-1826 bp相比较于pGL3-1092 bp组和pGL3-3738 bp组具有最强的转录活性。炎症因子LPS和TNF-α和药物As2O3均具 有上调pGL3-pselectin-promoter转录活性的作用。结论pGL3-pselectin-promoter在293F细胞中能被转录激活,并验证了炎症 因子对其转录表达的作用,并为药物筛选与评价提供解决方案。     

人釉成熟蛋白Amelotin基因的启动子活性区域分析

目的构建人牙釉质蛋白（Amelotin,AMTN）基因不同长度的上游启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体,比较不同的启动子片段在成釉细胞及Hela细胞中的活性,为进一步判定上游启动子的转录调控区奠定基础。方法以PCR方法获取基因上游启动子片段,将其构建至报告基因载体pGL3．Basic中,瞬时转染成釉细胞及Hela细胞,通过检测荧光素酶活性来分析启动子区域的转录调控能力。结果成功地获得了不同长度的Amelo—tin基因启动子目的片段,酶切鉴定表明不同长度启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体构建成功,不同长度的启动子在不同的细胞中活性不同,-190～-358与-35～-93区域为特异的转录调控作用区。结论成功构建了不同长度的Ame｜otin基因启动子的pGL3-Basic荧光素酶报告基因载体,初步确定Amelotin基因启动子的转录活性区,为进一步研究Amelotin基因转录调控特点奠定基础。     

人SMYD3基因启动子荧光素酶报告载体的构建与分析

目的:克隆5'长度不同的SMYD3基因启动子序列并进行活性鉴定.方法:采用PCR方法克隆出SMYD3基因转录起始位点上游不同长度的基因片段,构建T载体并利用酶切与测序进行鉴定;将该基因亚克隆至pGL3-Basic荧光报告基因载体上;瞬时转染Hep3B细胞后用双荧光报告检测系统检测不同片段的荧光活性.结果:T载体酶切与测序结果正确,成功构建了pGL3-Basic+370～1 400 bp荧光报告载体并利用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统分析了重组质粒的荧光活性.结论:pGL3-Basic+370～1 400 bp重组质粒转染组与阳性对照组相比并未表现出显著的荧光活性,本研究认为SMYD3基因的启动子核心区域位于-1 334 bp的上游.     

人源DNMT1基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建及其活性检测

目的:利用PCR扩增人源DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)基因启动子,构建其荧光素酶报告基因载体并对其活性进行检测。方法:运用PCR技术以人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549基因组DNA为模版扩增出目的片段,将PCR产物用KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后连接到荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-Basic上,然后进行转化、菌落PCR及测序验证等。将构建成功的pGL3-proDNMT1-luc重组质粒和内参质粒pRL-CMV-luc共转入H1299细胞中检测DNMT1启动子活性。结果:成功扩增出长度为1634 bp的目的片段,并成功构建出DNMT1启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体,启动子具有活性。结论:DNMT1启动子的成功克隆为进一步研究其分子调控机制和生物学意义奠定了基础。     

人同源盒基因Nkx3.1启动子的克隆及活性测定

目的：克隆Nkx3．1基因5’上游1．06kb片段，构建pGL3-1．06kb载体，测定其启动子活性。方法：采用PCR方法从人基因组DNA中扩增Nkx3．1基因5’上游1．06kb片段并构建到荧光素酶报道基因pGL3-basic载体中，与内参照质粒pRL-Tk共转染前列腺癌LNCaP细胞，通过双荧光素酶活性检验测定其启动子活性。结果：PCR扩增的1．06kb片段经测序正确无误；pGL3-1．06kb转染LNCaP细胞48h后，双荧光素酶活性测定M1／M2=2．7，为pGL3-control活性的1．5倍，为pGL3-basic活性的50倍。结论：克隆的人Nkx3．1基因5’上游1．06kb片段具有较强的启动子活性。     

细胞自身分化抗原-1启动子区域的克隆及其特性分析

目的：克隆不同长度的细胞自身分化抗原-1（CDA1)启动子区域并测定它们的活性,为进一步研究不同长度细胞自身分化抗原-1启动子（CDA1P）区域的功能打下基础。方法：以小鼠肝脏的全基因序列为模板,用PCR方法获得不同长度的目的片段,连接到pGL3-basic真核表达载体（pGL3-basic-mCDA1P）,纯化pGL3-basic mCDA1P质粒后,瞬时转染到Leuwis肺癌细胞和单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7),48 h后收集转染细胞,测定萤光素酶活性,明确不同长度的CDA1P的活性。结果：①通过PCR法成功获得不同长度的CDA1P DNA片段,并用酶切法证实;②成功构建携带有CDA1P的pGL3-basic真核表达载体,并通过酶切法及测序证实; ③转染Leuwis肺癌细胞和单核巨噬细胞后测定萤光素酶活性发现不同长度的CDA1P活性不同,相同长度的CDA1P在Leuwis肺癌细胞和单核巨噬细胞中活性亦不相同。结论：CDA1P在不同细胞中活性可能存在差异。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.