棘球绦虫主要虫卵抗原蛋白分子特性的生物信息学分析

目的 采用生物信息学软件分析棘球绦虫主要虫卵抗原（MEAs）蛋白的分子特性。方法 从NCBI蛋白质数据库中下载棘球绦虫MEAs蛋白的氨基酸序列,采用ProtParam、NetSolP-1.0、SignalP-5.0、TMHMM 2.0、ProtComp 9.0、Structure、NetPhos 3.1、BCPREDS等在线分析程序预测理化性质、在大肠杆菌中的表达特性、信号肽、跨膜结构域、亚细胞定位、保守结构域、磷酸化位点及B细胞表位,并通过MEGA 6.06程序对不同物种来源的MEAs蛋白构建进化树。 结果 对11条棘球绦虫MEAs蛋白序列进行分析,序列长度为314~503 aa,等电点为5.73~7.26,分子量为35 843.76~ 54 356.24;在大肠杆菌中表达的可溶性为0.488 0~0.563 2,可用性为0.254 5~0.283 5;均具有典型的α晶体结构域,属于HSP20超家族;均含有丝氨酸磷酸化位点、苏氨酸磷酸化位点和酪氨酸磷酸化位点;均不存在信号肽序列及跨膜结构域,为非分泌、非跨膜蛋白;主要定位于胞质、胞核,在线粒体、胞外和质膜上也有分布;棘球绦虫MEAs蛋白优势B细胞抗原表位的数量为1~3。不同物种来源的MEAs蛋白分为两大枝,其中EmMEAp40_1、EgMEA_4、EgMEAp40_1 与微小膜壳绦虫MEAp40等聚为一枝,其余8条棘球绦虫MEAs蛋白与日本血吸虫MEAs等聚为一枝。结论 通过生物信息学软件筛选了棘球绦虫MEAs蛋白的优势B细胞抗原表位,为进一步研究棘球绦虫MEAs蛋白的生物学功能提供参考。     

副溶血弧菌不耐热溶血毒素tlh基因的序列分析

目的 利用PCR技术扩增副溶血弧菌不耐热溶血毒素tlh基因,对tlh基因进行生物信息学分析。方法 利用PCR技术扩增tlh基因,克隆至载体pET32a⁺ 并测序。将测序结果提交国际互联网上有关生物信息网站进行生物信息学分析。结果和结论 测序结果tlh14-90被GenBank收录,登录号为AY289609。tlh14-90全长1257bp,与国际标准株WP1的同源性为99%,含有启动子和密码子,预测其编码一个含418个氨基酸的蛋白质(TLH14-90),分子式为C₂₁₃₁H₃₁₈₄N₅₄₈O₆₄₉S₁₆,相对分子质量47392.9,理论等电点pI为4.92,丙氨酸、亮氨酸和天冬酰氨的含量分别为11.0%、7.4%和7.2%,含有4个半胱氨酸(Cys),κ-D法推算的疏水性参数为-34。预测其二级折叠结构为α/□蛋白,三级结构未给出。     

普城沙雷氏菌rpoS基因的生物信息学分析

目的: 通过生物信息学方法对普城沙雷氏菌G3 菌株rpoS基因的序列、理化性质和结构进行解析,为进一步研究生物学功能提供依据。方法： 利用Expasy数据库分析蛋白质的理化性质;TMHMMServerv.2.0、TargetP1.1Server和SignalP 4.1 Server预测跨膜结构和信号肽;分别用NetNGlyc 1.0Server和NetPhos 2.0预测磷酸化、糖基化位点;用SOPMA和SWISS-MODEL分别对蛋白质二级和三级结构进行预测;用MEGA 4 NJ法构建系统进化树。结果： RpoS是一个亲水性蛋白,没有跨膜区域和信号肽,有糖基化位点和高水平的磷酸化位点,α 螺旋和无规则卷曲是其主要二级结构。结论： 生物信息学预测表明RpoS具有较高比例的磷酸化位点和由α 螺旋和无规则卷曲组成的二级结构,这与其整合和响应环境中不同的胁迫信号刺激,诱导一般胁迫反应使细菌在逆境中得以生存的生物学功能相吻合。     

免疫相关GTP结合蛋白2的亚细胞定位分析

目的 对免疫相关GTP结合蛋白2(GTPase of immunity-associated protein 2,GIMAP2)进行亚细胞定位分析,为深入研究GIMAP2蛋白的功能奠定基础.方法: 使用国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)数据库查询获取GIMAP2的蛋白序列,再利用生物信息学在线分析工具对GIMAP2蛋白的跨膜结构,核定位信号(nuclear localization signal,NLS),核输出信号(nuclear export signal,NES)及亚细胞定位进行分析预测.采用PCR技术扩增GIMAP2基因片段,并插入至pQCXIP-mCherry-N1表达载体,用氨苄青霉素抗性筛选阳性克隆.测序正确的重组质粒pQCXIP-GIMAP2-mCherry经过提取,纯化步骤后,与逆转录病毒包装质粒VSVG,Gag/Pol在脂质体介导下共同转入HEK293FT细胞中进行病毒包装.转染48 h后收集病毒上清,直接感染人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-436.使用免疫荧光染色方法检测内,外源性GIMAP2在MDA-MB-436胞内表达定位情况.使用绿色荧光化学染料分别标记稳定表达GIMAP2-mCherry融合蛋白的MDA-MB-436活细胞中的线粒体,内质网,脂滴,在超分辨率显微镜N-SIM下观察其与红色荧光的GIMAP2蛋白的定位情况.结果: 生物信息学分析数据显示,由337个氨基酸组成的GIMAP2蛋白在羧基端可能有2个跨膜螺旋结构,其中跨膜螺旋含预期氨基酸数为 40~41个,紧随跨膜螺旋结构之后的蛋白结构朝细胞质侧;羧基端第279~281位氨基酸有NES但无NLS;可能定位在内质网.测序结果表明,成功构建表达载体pQCXIP-GIMAP2-mCherry.荧光染色结果证实,GIMAP2-mCherry融合蛋白成功在MDA-MB-436细胞内表达,并与内源性GIMAP2定位一致,分布于内质网和脂滴.结论: 免疫相关GTP结合蛋白2定位于内质网和脂滴,可能与脂代谢相关.     

华支睾吸虫一氧化氮合酶相互作用蛋白基因的生物信息学分析

目的分析和预测华支睾吸虫一氧化氮合酶相互作用蛋白(CsNOSIP)基因序列结构和功能特征及其编码蛋白的理化性质,预测该基因的生物学意义。方法利用生物信息学方法(Vector NTI、InterProScan、SignalP和SecretomeP等相关软件)对华支睾吸虫一氧化氮合酶相互作用蛋白基因及相应氨基酸序列的同源性、理化性质、保守结构域、信号肽、亲水性/疏水性、B细胞表位进行预测分析。结果华支睾吸虫一氧化氮合酶相互作用蛋白基因的开放阅读框包含867 bp,编码288个氨基酸,理论分子质量为35 Mr,等电点为9.16。SignalP和SecretomeP分析结果显示华支睾吸虫一氧化氮合酶相互作用蛋白为非经典途径分泌蛋白;InterProScan分析结果显示,华支睾吸虫一氧化氮合酶相互作用蛋白特征性结构域位于第45～76位,第211～267位和第1～289位氨基酸之间。在该基因的氨基酸序列中,共发现7个B细胞表位。结论利用生物信息学知识和各种分析软件对Cs NOSIP所编码的cDNA序列及理论蛋白质的理化性质、结构和功能域等进行预测和分析,能够为开展Cs NOSIP的表达及其功能研究提供理论依据。     

免疫相关GTP结合蛋白2的亚细胞定位分析

目的 对免疫相关GTP结合蛋白2(GTPase of immunity-associated protein 2,GIMAP2)进行亚细胞定位分析,为深入研究GIMAP2蛋白的功能奠定基础.方法: 使用国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)数据库查询获取GIMAP2的蛋白序列,再利用生物信息学在线分析工具对GIMAP2蛋白的跨膜结构,核定位信号(nuclear localization signal,NLS),核输出信号(nuclear export signal,NES)及亚细胞定位进行分析预测.采用PCR技术扩增GIMAP2基因片段,并插入至pQCXIP-mCherry-N1表达载体,用氨苄青霉素抗性筛选阳性克隆.测序正确的重组质粒pQCXIP-GIMAP2-mCherry经过提取,纯化步骤后,与逆转录病毒包装质粒VSVG,Gag/Pol在脂质体介导下共同转入HEK293FT细胞中进行病毒包装.转染48 h后收集病毒上清,直接感染人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-436.使用免疫荧光染色方法检测内,外源性GIMAP2在MDA-MB-436胞内表达定位情况.使用绿色荧光化学染料分别标记稳定表达GIMAP2-mCherry融合蛋白的MDA-MB-436活细胞中的线粒体,内质网,脂滴,在超分辨率显微镜N-SIM下观察其与红色荧光的GIMAP2蛋白的定位情况.结果: 生物信息学分析数据显示,由337个氨基酸组成的GIMAP2蛋白在羧基端可能有2个跨膜螺旋结构,其中跨膜螺旋含预期氨基酸数为 40~41个,紧随跨膜螺旋结构之后的蛋白结构朝细胞质侧;羧基端第279~281位氨基酸有NES但无NLS;可能定位在内质网.测序结果表明,成功构建表达载体pQCXIP-GIMAP2-mCherry.荧光染色结果证实,GIMAP2-mCherry融合蛋白成功在MDA-MB-436细胞内表达,并与内源性GIMAP2定位一致,分布于内质网和脂滴.结论: 免疫相关GTP结合蛋白2定位于内质网和脂滴,可能与脂代谢相关.     

结核分枝杆菌SepF蛋白的生物信息学分析

目的：采用生物信息学方法分析结核分枝杆菌的Rv2147c基因及其编码的SepF蛋白结构和功能。方法：自NCBI网站获取Rv2147c基因及SepF蛋白的基本信息;使用Protparam和ProtScale预测SepF蛋白的理化性质和亲疏水性;使用SignaIP6.0 Server、DEEP TMHMM和NetPhos3.1软件预测SepF蛋白的信号肽、跨膜结构及磷酸化位点;使用SOPMA预测SepF蛋白的二级结构,通过SWISS MODEL软件构建该蛋白的三级结构模型;分别使用IEDB和SYFPEITHI预测SepF蛋白的B和T细胞表位;通过STRING数据库预测SepF的相互作用蛋白。结果：Rv2147c基因全长657bp,编码的SepF蛋白氨基酸数为218,分子式为C₁₀₉₅H₁₆₆₈N₃₂₀O₃₃₇S₁₀。SepF蛋白含有磷酸化位点和抗原表位。结论：生物信息学方法分析SepF蛋白含有一个保守的结构域,其结构域与结核分枝杆菌耐药性的产生密切相关,为抗结核药物靶点的选择提供了...     

人类pygo1基因的生物信息学分析

目的：对人类pygo1基因编码蛋白质进行结构和功能预测。 方法：利用生物信息学方法和工具对PYGO1蛋白质理化性质、跨膜区域、二级结构、亲（疏）水性进行分析。 结果：PYGO1蛋白氨基酸残基组成中脯氨酸含量最高,分子式C1943H2937N577O635S18,相对分子质量45,等电点6.38;可能为非跨膜的亲水性蛋白;α-螺旋和无规卷曲为其主要结构元件,含有一个植物同源结构域。 结论：人类pygo1基因可能作为转录因子与其他蛋白共同作用调节心脏发育及心脏病的发生过程。     

分泌型单链双功能抗体分子间接头的设计及软件分析

目的:利用生物信息学软件分析分泌型抗骨肉瘤单链双功能抗体融合蛋白的二级结构及其理化性质.方法:构建融合蛋白时,先进行连接肽的设计,选用通用酶切位点序列,运用DNA分析软件(DNAssist)和蛋白质分析软件(ANTHEPROT V5)分析预测融合蛋白的氨基酸序列、二级结构及其理化性质.结果:在编码ScFv与TNF的碱基之间引入连接肽,通过酶切位点获得的DNA序列,运用DNAssist核酸序列软件获得了融合蛋白的二级结构,并运用蛋白质分析软件(ANTHEPROT V5)预测了融合蛋白的理化性质.结论:应该充分利用生物信息学软件分析生物学信息,并不断对软件本身进行改进,生物信息学软件可提高药物开发进程,可利用生物信息学和遗传学信息来寻找和开发以基因为基础的药物.     

lncRNA DLEU2转录调控因子的生物信息学分析

  目的  探讨lncRNA DLEU2转录调控因子的结构特征及其与lncRNA DLEU2结合位点。  方法  利用生物信息学工具分析lncRNA DLEU2转录调控因子的理化性质、结构、跨膜区、信号肽和亚细胞定位,预测转录因子与lncRNA DLEU2的结合位点。  结果  等电点分析表明转录调控因子CTCF、MAX、ELF1、YY1、USF1等电点小于7.0,POLR2A、FOXA1、BHLHE40、CEBPB、ATF3等电点大于7.0;脂溶指数分析显示,上述10个转录调控因子的脂溶指数均小于100,均为疏水性蛋白;不稳定指数分析结果显示,本研究中10个转录调控因子的不稳定指数大于40,均为不稳定蛋白;上述所有转录调控因子二级结构均由α-螺旋、无规则卷曲和扩展链结构3种形式组成;上述转录调控因子中并未发现跨膜蛋白和信号肽结构;亚细胞定位分析发现,除YY1定位为细胞质中,其他转录因子均位于细胞核;同时预测出上述10个转录调控因子与lncRNA DLEU2的结合位点。  结论  lncRNA DLEU2转录调控因子呈现多样性特征,可能有助于对lncRNA DLEU2转录表达调控机制的深入研究,研究结果将有助于开展基于lncRNA DLEU2相关癌症治疗药物的筛选。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.