阿苯达唑纳米晶体的制备与表征

目的： 采用微射流高压均质-喷雾干燥法技术制备阿苯达唑纳米晶体,并进行表征和体外溶出考察。方法： 釆用高压均质法制备阿苯达唑纳米混悬液,并进一步喷雾干燥得纳米晶体。通过正交试验优化制备工艺;对最佳制备工艺所得纳米晶体进行粒径测定、DSC分析和傅里叶红外图谱分析,并测定其体外溶出度。结果： 微射流高压均质最佳制备工艺条件：在均质温度35℃,103.44 MPa和137.93 MPa下各循环20次,得到纳米混悬液平均粒径为（363.52±1.5） nm。喷雾干燥最佳工艺为：进样速度5 mL·min^-1,进风温度180℃,在此条件下得粉率（66.71±0.96）%,含水量（6.61±0.16）%,平均粒径367.34±0.68 nm。DSC分析及傅里叶红外图谱结果表明制备成纳米晶体后形成新的物象;体外溶出度实验结果表明,纳米晶体的溶出度显著高于原料药和混合物。结论： 微射流高压均质-喷雾干燥工艺,可以制备平均粒径小且较为均匀的纳米晶体;纳米化后形成新的物象,可以明显提高阿苯达唑的溶出性能,利于改善药物的口服吸收,这为阿苯达唑进一步开发提供了依据。     

羟基喜树碱纳米晶制备及药剂学性质研究

目的：制备羟基喜树碱纳米晶体并进行药剂学性质研究。方法：采用湿法介质研磨制备羟基喜树碱纳米晶体;用马尔文激光粒度仪测定羟基喜树碱纳米晶体的平均粒径和多分散指数（PDI）;用扫描电镜观察晶体形态;用X-射线粉末衍射法（XRPD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）及傅里叶红外光谱法（FTIR）分析晶型和化学结构有无变化;用透析袋法测定纳米晶体的溶出度。结果：制备的羟基喜树碱纳米晶体平均粒径为104 nm,PDI值为0.215;羟基喜树碱纳米化前后晶型和化学结构没有发生明显的改变;纳米化后的药物溶出度明显提高,药物溶出参数T₅₀和T_D（药物溶出50.0%和63.2%所需时间）显著减少。结论：湿法介质研磨制备羟基喜树碱纳米晶体方法可行,平均粒径较小且分布较均匀;研磨后的羟基喜树碱晶型未被破坏,仍为结晶态;制成的羟基喜树碱纳米晶体溶出性能明显改善。     

氟苯尼考纳米结晶的制备及其药剂学性质的考察

目的 增加氟苯尼考(FF) 的水溶性，制备氟苯尼考纳米结晶(FF-NC) 并对其药剂学性质进行体外评价。方法 采 用微型化介质研磨法，以西林瓶为研磨室，氧化锆珠子为研磨介质，磁力搅拌器为动力装置制备FF-NC，以粒径和多分散系数 (PDI) 为指标，正交试验得到的优化处方及工艺参数，进一步放大处方，采用喷雾干燥法固化FF-NC，以差式扫描量热分析，X 射线衍射分析，傅里叶红外光谱分析对所得纳米结晶进行表征，并考察其饱和溶解度及体外累积溶出度。结果 正交试验最优 处方制备得到的FF-NC，其粒径为(189.6±3.44)nm，PDI 为(0.192±0.021)；等比例放大研磨固化，复溶后FF-NC 粒径与喷雾干燥 前基本相同；X 射线衍射图谱和差式扫描量热分析结果均表明氟苯尼考制备成纳米结晶后呈无定型状态；饱和溶解度试验及体 外溶出结果表明制备的FF-NC 的饱和溶解度和体外累积溶出度明显高于FF 原粉。结论 微型化介质研磨法为FF-NC 制备工艺 的筛选提供了简单有效的途径，为放大化制备提供了依据，制备得到的FF-NC 速释、高效，值得进一步研究。     

依普黄酮固体分散体的制备和溶出特性(英文)

目的:制备和鉴定依普黄酮固体分散体,测定它的体外溶出度。方法:用溶剂法制备依普黄酮固体分散体,用DSC,X衍射和红外光谱鉴定固体分散体,浆法测定它的溶出度。结果:由依普黄酮和聚维酮(1:8)组成的固体分散体,其体外溶出度是依普黄酮的6.15倍,DSC曲线,X衍射图谱和红外光谱均产生了明显变化。结论:依普黄酮被制成固体分散体能明显增加依普黄酮的体外溶出度。     

姜黄素固体分散体处方工艺优化及体外溶出度评价

目的 优化姜黄素固体分散体(CUR SD)的处方工艺.方法 根据溶解度参数及溶出结果 ,优选CUR SD最佳载体及药物与载体的比例.采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法、X-射线粉末衍射分析(XRPD)法和傅立叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)法对制备的CUR SD进行表征,并考察体外溶出度.结果 根据溶解度参数及体外溶出结果 ,优选...     

环孢素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的体外评价

目的以泊洛沙姆188（F68）为载体制备环孢素（CsA）固体分散体并考察其体外溶出。方法以溶剂一熔融法制备固体分散体，以差示扫描量热法（DSC）和X．射线衍射法鉴定CsA在体系中的存在状态，以FTIR表征药物与载体的相互作用，以摇瓶法测定CsA的溶解度，按《中国药典》溶出度第三法测定CsA从物理混合物和固体分散体中的溶出。结果X-射线衍射图谱显示CsA结晶衍射峰消失，提示药物以无定形或分子状态存在于固体分散体中。FTIR结果表明药物与载体间无相互作用。药物溶解度和溶出度均随着F68比例的增加而增大，固体分散体和物理混合物60min的累积溶出百分率分别为99．32％和75．41％，两者具显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论F68能提高CsA的溶解度和溶出度，可用来制备CsA的固体剂型。     

布洛芬纳米微粉的制备、表征及体外透皮性研究

目的:制备布洛芬纳米微粉并对其进行表征,考察其体外透皮作用。方法:采用乳化法,以氯仿-乙醇(7∶3,V/V)为有机相、超纯水为水相、聚山梨酯80为表面活性剂制备布洛芬纳米微粉。利用激光粒度分析方法、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、差示扫描对制备的布洛芬纳米微粉进行表征。比较布洛芬纳米微粉与原料药的饱和溶解度、体外溶出度和体外透皮率。结果:确定的处方及制备工艺为聚山梨酯80 5 mg/m L、水相-有机相体积比40∶1、布洛芬质量浓度250 mg/m L、匀浆速度5000 r/min、匀浆时间2 min。所制布洛芬纳米微粉为多孔疏松珊瑚状,其化学结构未改变,由原来的晶体态变为无定形态,粒径为179.6 nm,载药量为8.99%;其饱和溶解度、溶出度和透皮率分别是原料药的148、1.23、4.08倍。结论:所制布洛芬纳米微粉具有良好的水溶性和体外透皮性。     

卡维地洛羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的制备与评价

目的 制备卡维地洛羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物,对包合物进行物性研究。方法 采用超声法制备包合物,通过相溶解度研究包合类型,以差示扫描热分析法(DSC)和X-射线衍射法验证卡维地洛羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的形成,并测定包合物的溶解度和溶出度。结果 相溶解度曲线呈AL型,表明卡维地洛能够与羟丙基-β-环糊精形成1∶1的包合物。DSC和X-射线衍射结果显示药物峰消失,证明包合物的形成。包合物的溶解度比原药提高5倍,溶出速度明显加快。结论 超声法制备的卡维地洛羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物能显著提高原药的溶解度和溶出速度。     

Soluplus®、PVP VA64为载体的氟苯尼考固体分散体的制备及体外评价

目的 采用新型载体材料Soluplus^®和PVP VA64制备氟苯尼考固体分散体,以增加其溶解度及体外溶出度。方法 应用溶解度参数法初步预测药物与载体材料的相容性,进一步采用溶剂蒸发法制备氟苯尼考-Soluplus^®和氟苯尼考-PVP VA64固体分散体,并采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、X-射线粉末衍射法（XPRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）对所得固体分散体进行表征,且与PVP K30进行比较。以溶解度和体外溶出度为评价指标,对不同载体制备的氟苯尼考固体分散体进行比较。结果 DSC、XPRD和FTIR结果表明,不同高分子材料制得的氟苯尼考固体分散体中药物均呈无定型状态;几种载体材料均能增加氟苯尼考的溶解度及溶出速率,增溶效果为PVP VA64>PVP K30>Soluplus^®,其中PVP VA64固体分散体的溶解度增加最为显著,25℃在标准硬水、自来水、纯化水中的溶解度约为原料药的3倍,且自来水中5 min时累积溶出率可达88.23%,为氟苯尼考原料药的20.56倍。结论 采用溶剂蒸发法制备氟苯尼考-PVP VA64固体分散体可以显著提高药物的溶解度及体外溶出度。     

柚皮素纳米混悬剂的制备及表征

目的： 分别以牛血清白蛋白和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）-泊洛沙姆188（P188）为稳定剂，制备柚皮素纳米混悬剂并对其理化性质进行表征。方法： 采用溶剂沉淀法制备柚皮素纳米混悬剂，利用激光散射粒度仪、透射电镜、差示扫描量热仪和红外光谱对纳米混悬剂粒径和形态结构进行表征，通过体外透析法比较两种柚皮素纳米混悬剂体外溶出行为。结果： 以0.2%的PVP-P188（1：1）和白蛋白为稳定剂制备的纳米混悬剂粒径分别为110.6 nm（PDI=0.109）和241.3 nm（PDI=0.197），两种纳米混悬剂均为类球形的纳米粒子，并且柚皮素均以无定形的形式存在；体外溶出实验表明两种纳米混悬剂均能显著改善柚皮素的溶出速度。结论： 分别采用白蛋白和PVP-P188均成功制备了柚皮素纳米混悬剂，为改善柚皮素溶解性差提供了一种方法，具有较好的应用前景。     

Kinetic solubility and dissolution velocity of rutin nanocrystals

Lyophilized rutin nanocrystals were intensively evaluated regarding their physicochemical properties with respect to particle size analyses, crystallinity, kinetic solubility and dissolution behavior. The particle size was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and laser diffraction (LD). DSC and X-ray diffraction were used to study the crystalline state of rutin nanocrystals. In a period of 1 week, the kinetic solubility was determined using a shaker at 25 °C. DSC and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that lyophilized rutin nanocrystals prepared by high pressure homogenization remained in crystalline state. Lyophilized rutin nanocrystals could be re-dispersed completely in water and the kinetic solubility in water increased to 133 μg/ml.. Lyophilized rutin nanocrystals were almost completely dissolved within 15 min in water, buffer of pH 1.2 and buffer of pH 6.8. In contrast, only 70% of rutin raw material (rutin microcrystals) was dissolved within 15 min. The superior physicochemical properties of rutin nanocrystals should overcome the absorption problem in the gastrointestinal tract and increase the bioavailability.     

槲皮素PVP固体分散体的制备及物相鉴定

目的用溶剂法制备槲皮素-PVP固体分散体并考察其溶出特性并对物相进行鉴定。方法采用溶剂法制备槲皮素-PVP固体分散体,通过溶出实验对槲皮素溶出率的测定研究固体分散体的溶出性质,利用差热分析（Differentialscanning calorimetry,DSC）、红外光谱分析（Infrared spectroscopy,IR）、粉末X衍射（X-ray powder diffractometry,PXRD）、扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscopy,SEM）等方法对其进行物相鉴定。结果槲皮素-PVP固体分散体的溶出速率相对其物理混合物有了明显的改善; 溶解实验显示固体分散体中槲皮素的溶解度有了显著的提高;热差分析及粉末X衍射结果表明固体分散体中槲皮素呈非结晶形式;扫描电镜下固体分散体中无槲皮素晶体。结论采用溶剂法制备槲皮素-PVP固体分散体可显著提高槲皮素的溶解度及溶出速度。     

Physical–chemical properties of furosemide nanocrystals developed using rotation revolution mixer

Recently, several approaches have been reported to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of furosemide, a class IV drug. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of them proposed nanocrystals. In the last decade, nanocrystals successfully addressed solubility issues by increasing surface area and saturation solubility, both leading to an increase in the dissolution rate of poor water soluble drugs. The preparation of furosemide nanocrystals was by a rotation revolution mixer method. Size distribution and morphology were performed using laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and low frequency shift-Raman spectroscopy allowed investigating the thermal properties and crystalline state. Solubility saturation and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) studies were conducted. The thermal analysis revealed lower melting range for the nanocrystals comparing to furosemide. Moreover, a slight crystalline structure change to the amorphous state was observed by XRD and confirmed by low frequency shift Raman. The particle size was reduced to 231?nm with a polydispersity index of 0.232, a 30-fold reduction from the original powder. Finally, the saturation solubility and IDR showed a significant increase. Furosemide nanocrystals showed potential for development of innovative formulations as an alternative to the commercial products.     

Preparation and characterization of quercetin nanocrystals

This study is to enhance the dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug, quercetin, by fabricating nanocrystals using high-pressure homogenization. The particle size, crystallinity, dissolution, and antioxidant effects of fabricated quercetin nanocrystals have been investigated. Characterization of the original quercetin powder and nanocrystals was carried out by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, dissolution tester, and so on. A PCS size of about 483 nm was obtained for the nanocrystals after 20 cycles of homogenization at 1500 bar. X-ray diffraction and DSC studies revealed that the lyophilized quercetin nanoparticles were crystalline after high-pressure homogenization. The percent dissolution efficiency, relative dissolution, mean dissolution time, difference factor (f(1)), and similarity factor (f(2)) were calculated for the statistical analysis. It was found that the dissolution of the drug nanocrystals was much higher than that of the pure drug at pH 6.8 and 1.2. The antioxidant activity and reducing power of the quercetin nanocrystals were more effective than the original quercetin.     

Studies on the preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of Amoitone B nanocrystals

Amoitone B, as a new derivative of cytosporone B, has been proved to be a natural agonist for Nur77. It exhibits remarkable anticancer activity in vivo and has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. However, the poor solubility and dissolution rate result in low therapeutic index for injection and low bioavailability for oral administration, therefore limiting its application. In order to magnify the clinical use of Amoitone B, nanocrystal was selected as an application technology to solve the above problems. In this study, the optimized Amoitone B nanocrystals with small and uniform particle size were successfully prepared by microfluidization method and investigated by morphology, size distribution, and zeta potential. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed there was no crystalline state changed in the size reduction process. For Amoitone B nanocrystals, an accelerated dissolution velocity and increased saturation solubility were achieved in vitro and a markedly different pharmacokinetic property in vivo was exhibited with retarded clearance and magnified AUC compared with Amoitone B solution. These results implied that developing Amoitone B as nanocrystals is a promising choice for intravenous delivery and further application for cancer therapy.     

利用喷雾干燥技术制备氯雷他定透明质酸微囊和微球及其评价

目的：制备氯雷他定（LOR）透明质酸（HA）微囊和微球,并对其进行体外评价。方法：HA和聚乙二醇6000（PEG 6000）为材料,以粒径,载药量,载药率,溶解度,体外累积释放度来评价载药微囊和微球;利用DSC和XRD考察载药微囊和微球中LOR的晶型变化。结果：HA、PEG 6000和LOR的比例为16：1：2时,LOR的溶解度和溶出效果最佳。LOR微囊的水中溶解度为（23.12±0.15） μg·mL^-1,载药量为（8.07±0.44）%,载药率为（76.69±0.44）%,体外累积释放度达到（87.00±3.34）%;LOR微球的水中溶解度为（5.58±0.15） μg·mL^-1,载药量为（11.87±0.46）%,载药率为（112.78±0.46）%,体外累积释放度达到（63.16±0.63）%。晶型变化分析结果,微囊中LOR大部分以无定型状态存在,小部分以结晶状态存在;微球中LOR以无定型状态存在。结论：采用喷雾干燥法成功制备LOR-HA微囊和微球,显著改善LOR的溶解度和体外释放度的,利用此方法制备微囊（或微球）成本较低、操作简单,易于实现大规模工业化生产。     

纯水飞蓟素纳米结晶制备及体外性质研究

目的:探索采用高压均质法制备稳定性佳的纯水飞蓟素纳米结晶的可能性,为后续纯药物纳米结晶体内研究奠定试验基础。方法:采用高压均质技术,通过筛选药物投入量、高剪切分散时间、均质压力、均质次数等关键参数,以粒径、多分散指数(PDI)等为指标,筛选出最佳的纯水飞蓟素纳米结晶处方及工艺,并对所制备纳米结晶的粒径、外观形态、晶型、溶解度、溶出行为及稳定性等体外性质进行研究。结果:所优选的纯药物纳米结晶的平均粒径为(449.8±7.56) nm,PDI为0.281±0.017。与含有稳定剂的水飞蓟素纳米结晶相比,纯水飞蓟素纳米结晶显示出相似且良好的稳定性。此外,所制备的纯药物纳米结晶将水飞蓟素在纯水中的溶解度提高了1.41倍,在不同水性介质均提高了水飞蓟素的溶出速率,其中在纯水中溶出速率增加最为显著,30 min内溶出度由38.5%增加至92.2%。结论:本研究成功制备了稳定的纯水飞蓟素纳米结晶,为后续系统开展纯药物纳米结晶的促口服吸收机制及药动学等研究奠定了工作基础。