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1.
目的 探讨中国汉族人群正常股骨远端髁间前后轴线与旋转轴线的对位关系及在全膝关节置换术中的临床价值。方法 2012年10月—2013年7月,对北京、河北、新疆及重庆的288名健康汉族志愿者行双下肢全长CT扫描,共获得575个正常膝关节图像数据纳入研究进行分析。其中男148名,女140名;年龄17—65岁;左膝288个,右膝287个。通过垂直于股骨机械轴线的断层图像,进行轴线之间的测量,包括髁间前后轴线与外科上髁轴线夹角(ASA),髁间前后轴线与临床上髁轴线夹角(ACA),髁间前后轴线与后髁连线夹角(APA);按性别和侧别分组进行统计学分析。结果 ASA平均87.19°±1.92°,男性87.03°±1.95°,女性87.35°±1.87°,左膝87.33°±1.88°,右膝87.05°±1.95°;ACA平均90.93°±2.03°,男性90.68°±2.01°,女性91.19°±2.03°,左膝91.05°±1.93°,右膝90.81°±2.13°;APA平均83.99°±2.16°,男性83.86°±2.20°,女性84.12°±2.12°,左膝84.05°±2.09°,右膝83.92°±2.23°。其中ACA在男女性别中的差异具有统计学意义(t=3.000,P=0.003),女性比男性平均大0.51°,其余参数在性别及侧别中差异均无统计学意义(P值均〉0.05)。结论 通过对较大样本的中国汉族人群正常膝关节影像学的CT测量,得到相对准确的汉族人群股骨远端轴线间的对位关系,可以指导术中股骨远端截骨操作,确定适当的股骨外旋。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨运动学对线全膝关节置换(KA-TKA)术中外侧滑车截骨面覆盖不全与下肢对线参数之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析2018年5月—2020年7月在北京朝阳医院行KA-TKA手术治疗的48例(54膝)患者资料,其中男12例、女36例,年龄57~85(69±6.7)岁。23例(23膝)使用个性化截骨工具辅助手术,25例(...  相似文献   

3.
BACKGROUND: Problems regarding the prosthesis in the horizontal plane and the rotation of the femur and tibia prosthesis on line are relatively weak. The distal femoral rotation axis is mainly the transepicondylar axis. Due to patient differences as well as anatomy and intraoperative display, it is difficult to accurately locate the axis in the process of knee arthroplasty.  相似文献   

4.
股骨远端旋转力线中的测量及其临床意义   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
目的:通过测量股骨外科上髁轴线、股骨前后轴线及其股骨后髁轴线之间的夹角,探讨全膝关节置换术中定位股骨假体旋转力线的方法。方法:75侧正常成人股骨标本,性别、年龄不详,数码相机拍摄股骨远端轴位片并输入个人电脑,在Photoshop7.0.1软件中测量股骨外科上髁轴线与股骨后髁轴线之间的夹角(股骨后髁角,PCA)及前后轴线的垂线与股骨后髁轴线的夹角(APA),行配对资料的t检验,比较两角度的差异。结果:PCA均值3.67°±1.62°(0.75°~5.90°),与西方人数据及国人影像学测量数据接近;APA均值3.50°±1.40°(1.34°~5.65°),与PCA差异无统计学意义(t=0.949,P=0.359),此两个角度均有较大的变异性。结论:术中仅通过测量PCL进行旋转力线的定位可能导致截骨不准确,通过PCL、APL进行双重定位可以提高手术操作精度。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨在人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)中采用数字技术进行个体化股骨旋转定位的准确性及可行性。方法 选择上海市东方医院关节外科2012年5月—2013年11月68例膝关节严重退变病例纳入观察组进行回顾性分析,全部病例x线检查均符合Kellgren&Lawrence分级法Ⅲ级以上,且合并严重的膝关节疼痛及活动受限。术前CT扫描下肢采集数据后利用数字化软件Mimicsl4.01在建立的3D立体模型中测量股骨后髁角,在TKA中参照该角度进行个体化截骨,术后再次测量股骨后髁角。选择2010年9月—2012年10月统一采用外旋3°截骨的62例患者作为对照组。比较两组手术前后股骨后髁角以及股骨假体旋转不良率。结果 观察组68例采用数字技术的患者术前测得股骨后髁角5.14°±1.59°(1.05°-8.26°),术后0.83°±0.44°(0.03°~2.28°);对照组中62例采用传统技术的患者术前测得股骨后髁角5.47°±1.23°(1.97°-8.41°),术后3.82°±0.41°(0.08°-6.93°)。两组患者术前的股骨后髁角差异无统计学意义(t=1.349,P〉0.05),观察组术后股骨后髁角明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=39.973,P〈0.01)。观察组股骨假体旋转不良率为10.3%(7/63),对照组为38.7%(24/62),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=14.420,P〈0.01)。结论 TKA术前应用数字化技术测量股骨后髁角,并根据测量结果进行个体化股骨外旋截骨,可以获得良好的股骨旋转力线。  相似文献   

6.
目的:探讨人工全膝关节假体旋转稳定性与髌骨轨迹的关系,阐明CT技术检测假体轴向旋转稳定性的优越性。方法:28例施行人工全膝关节置换术后出现单纯髌股关节并发症的患者进行膝关节轴位CT扫描,选择股骨髁上轴和胫骨结节作为CT扫描的参考标志来测量股骨假体和胫骨假体的旋转角度,分析旋转稳定性与髌股关节并发症的相关性。结果:研究组患者的全关节假体(股骨假体 胫骨假体)旋转角度存在过度内旋,内旋的角度与髌股关节并发症的严重程度存在对应关系。轻度(1°~4°)内旋对应髌骨轨迹不良髌骨翘起,中度(3°~9°)内旋对应髌骨半脱位,重度(6°~18°)内旋对应早期的髌骨脱位和晚期的髌骨假体失败。结论:假体的内旋可能是人工膝关节置换手术后出现髌股关节并发症的重要原因,使用CT技术可以确定人工关节假体是否存在旋转不良,提示进行单一假体翻修或全关节翻修手术。  相似文献   

7.
目的:探讨旋转铰链型人工膝关节临床应用的近期疗效。方法:2003年2月~2012年4月,应用旋转铰链型人工膝关节假体进行全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节严重畸形和不稳定23例膝。其中骨性关节炎15例,类风湿性关节炎6例,左股骨骨折术后创伤性关节炎l例,左胫骨平台骨折术后创伤性关节炎合并前交叉韧带、内侧半月板损伤及内侧侧副韧带断裂l例。术前HSS(hospital for special surgery)评分36~58分,平均48.6分;术前膝关节屈曲活动度21°~80°,平均57.4°。结果:术后患者均获随访6个月~3年,平均23.6个月。无下肢静脉血栓形成、无腓总神经麻痹等并发症发生。23例患者随访时,HSS评分78~98分,平均91.1分,较术前平均增加45.5分,且差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);术后2周,膝关节屈曲活动度为75°~100°,平均85.2°,最后随访时膝关节屈曲活动度为85°~120°,平均108.3°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论:旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换术近期疗效肯定,远期疗效尚待进一步随访。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨运动学对线(KA)-全膝关节置换术(TKA)与机械学对线(MA)-TKA手术前后下肢对线影像学参数的变化,分析术后残余内翻的原因。方法:回顾性队列研究。纳入2020年6月—2021年1月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院骨科接受TKA患者36例,其中男17例、女19例,年龄58~82岁。TKA术中采用KA技术的18...  相似文献   

9.
国人经股骨上髁轴的磁共振测量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
吴剑彬  余洋  王逸扬 《解剖学报》2009,40(6):997-1000
目的 在MRI上研究股骨远端上髁解剖,为全膝置换术中定位外科经股骨上髁轴(STEA)及股骨假体大小设计提供可靠依据。 方法 对78侧正常成人膝关节行磁共振扫描,测量STEA宽度、STEA的骨性标志与膝关节后侧及远端关节线的距离,股骨远端内外上髁的前后径大小及股骨后髁角。 结果 STEA宽度在男性中为(79.55±4.90)mm,在女性中为(71.18±4.22)mm,股骨内上髁沟最低点、外上髁最凸点与膝关节后方关节线及远端关节线的距离与STEA宽度具相关性,股骨远端内外上髁的前后径大小与STEA宽度也具相关性,股骨后髁角为(4.22±2.07)°。 结论 国人股骨远端上髁解剖大小明显小于欧美国家人群,股骨远端内外上髁的前后径与STEA宽度成一定比例,STEA的骨性标志与膝关节后侧及远端关节线的距离可为定位STEA提供一定帮助,通过术中触摸或PCL定位STEA的可靠性差。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨运动学对线(KA)-全膝关节置换术(TKA)与机械学对线(MA)-TKA手术前后下肢对线影像学参数的变化, 分析术后残余内翻的原因。方法回顾性队列研究。纳入2020年6月—2021年1月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院骨科接受TKA患者36例, 其中男17例、女19例, 年龄58~82岁。TKA术中采用KA技术的18例纳入KA组、采用MA技术的18例纳入MA组。比较2组患者年龄、性别比例、体质量指数(BMI)、侧别以及手术时间等基线资料, 对比分析两组患者手术前后髋膝踝角(HKA)、胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA)、机械股骨远端外侧角(mLDFA)的变化以及畸形矫正程度, 并对每组患者手术前后的HKA、MPTA以及mLDFA进行相关性及回归分析。结果 2组患者基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均 > 0.05)。KA组和MA组术前HKA(172.2°± 5.3°、172.8°± 4.6°)、mLDFA(88.9°± 2.7°、90.4°± 3.1°)、MPTA(84.8°± 1.7°、84.4°± 3.7°), 以及术后HKA(175.8°± 2.6°、176.3°± 2.0°)...  相似文献   

11.
目的:探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)后非负重位局部膝关节X线片评估患者下肢力线的可靠性及准确性。方法:回顾性分析2019年1—12月徐州医科大学附属医院84例TKA术后患者的资料。其中男31例,女53例;年龄46~82(66.96±7.54)岁。所有患者于术后1个月拍摄站立位下肢全长X线片及非负重位局部膝关节X线片,由两...  相似文献   

12.

Background

Femoral rotational alignment is considered an essential factor for total knee arthroplasty because malrotation of femoral components results in poor outcomes. To obtain proper alignment, we developed a superimposable computed tomography (CT) scan-based template to intraoperatively determine the accurate surgical epicondylar axis (SEA), and evaluated the effectiveness of this CT template.

Methods

In the experimental group (n = 55), three serial slices of CT images, including medial and lateral epicondyles, were merged into a single image, and SEA was overlaid. SEA was traced onto an image of an assumed distal femoral resection level; this combined image was then printed out onto a transparent film as a CT template. Following a distal femoral resection in TKA, SEA was duplicated onto the femoral surface. Thereafter, the posterior condyle was resected parallel to this SEA. In the control group (n = 53), posterior condyles were resected at three degrees of the external rotation from the posterior condylar line (PCL).A posterior condylar angle (PCA) between PCL of the femoral component and SEA was postoperatively evaluated. Positive values indicated external rotation of the femoral component from the SEA.

Results

In the experimental group, PCA was 0.01° ± 1.61°, and three cases were considered as outliers (greater than three degrees or less than ?3 degrees). Conversely, in the control group, PCA was 0.10° ± 2.4°, and 12 cases were considered as outliers. Consequently, dispersion of PCA data was significantly smaller in the experimental group (P = 0.004).

Conclusions

The CT template accurately determined intraoperative SEA.  相似文献   

13.
BackgroundRotational mismatch between the femoral and tibial components is reported to be a risk factor for unsuccessful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the rotational mismatch can still occur even when each component is aligned within the desired angle. Therefore, there may be other unknown factors. This study aims to investigate a risk factor for component rotational mismatch in TKA. The authors hypothesized a significant correlation between the rotational mismatch angle and not only the rotational alignments of components, but also the preoperative tibiofemoral rotation angle.MethodThis retrospective cohort study included 79 knees who underwent TKA. Computed tomography images were obtained preoperatively and 2 weeks after surgery for the component positional measurement. The postoperative component rotational mismatch angle between the tibial and femoral components and the rotational alignment of each tibial and femoral component to anatomical axes was evaluated. In addition, the preoperative rotational angle between the tibia and femur bones and patients’ demographics were also investigated. The correlation between the postoperative component rotational mismatch angle and perioperative variables was analyzed to identify risk factors for component rotational mismatch.ResultsThe mean component rotational mismatch angle was 1.8° of internal rotation of the tibial component relative to the femoral component, and the angle ranged from 11.3° of internal rotation to 7.3° of external rotation of the tibial component. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the preoperative rotational alignment between the tibia and femur and the rotational alignment of each component were influential factors in the postoperative component rotational mismatch angle.ConclusionThe preoperative tibiofemoral rotational alignment and the rotational alignment of each tibial and femoral component and are risk factors for the postoperative component rotational mismatch in TKA.  相似文献   

14.

Background

The present study assessed the inter- and intra-observer reliability of tibial and femoral rotation measures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and evaluated the correlation between these measurement techniques and their clinical relevance.

Methods

Femoral rotation and tibial rotation were determined on 42 2D CT-scans made three-months after TKA. Reliability of the radiological measurements (including Berger's method, the anatomical tibial axis and the tibial tuberosity trochlear-groove) was assessed with 15 randomly selected patients measured twice by three observers. Functional outcomes were scored one-year postoperatively with the KSS, VAS pain, VAS satisfaction, KOOS, and Kujala.

Results

The inter- and intra-observer reliability of the rotational measurements ranged from good to excellent (ICC 0.67–0.98). Tibial rotation measured with the Berger technique was most reliable (ICC inter?=?0.91; ICC intra?=?0.96). No strong correlations were found between the different rotational measures or the clinical outcomes and rotational outliers.

Conclusions

Tibial rotation is most reliable measured with the technique described by Berger. There were no strong correlations found between the different tibial rotation measures or between the clinical outcomes and the rotational outliers. Further research is needed to gain more insight into optimal positioning and measuring rotation in TKA for clinical practice.  相似文献   

15.
目的 探讨个性化定制股骨截骨导板在股骨标本单髁置换(UKA)术中应用的可行性和准确性,为临床应用提供实验性依据。方法 2016年1月—2017年2月选取复旦大学医学院解剖教研室成人股骨标本40根,男性22根、女性18根,年龄35~78岁,身高152~178 cm。采用数字表法随机分为导板组和对照组,每组20例。导板组采用个性化定制股骨截骨导板辅助UKA手术,术前采用薄层CT扫描对股骨进行医学图像数据采集,然后利用3D反求技术进行导航模板的设计,再采用3D打印技术制造个性化定制股骨截骨导板,并进行UKA术。对照组在UKA术中采用传统定位截骨。手术均由同一组医疗小组完成。评估两组标本的股骨侧手术截骨时间,并采用影像学评价下股骨假体力线和假体位置。结果 导板组术中导板与股骨髁骨性解剖结构贴合紧密,无明显移动。导板组与对照组手术截骨时间分别为(3.31±0.56) min和(4.45±0.74) min(t=-5.500, P<0.01),股骨假体内/外翻角度分别为1.31°±0.86°和2.84°±1.58°(t=-3.789,P<0.01),股骨假体后倾角度分别为8.84°±0.60°和6.25°±1.96°(t=5.661,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。导板组的股骨假体内/外翻角及后倾角更接近0°和10°,并且离散度小。结论 个性化定制股骨截骨导板用于UKA术能提高股骨假体冠状位和矢状位力线的精确性,缩短手术时间。  相似文献   

16.
The epicondylar axis is a reliable reference to check the rotation of the femoral implant in total knee prostheses (TKPs). However, during the operation it seems easier to use the posterior condylar axis as a landmark. The angle between these two axes is called the posterior condylar angle (PCA). The aim of this study was to measure the PCA in arthritic knees to assess the reliability of the posterior condylar axis as a reference for the control of the rotation of the femoral implant and to look for correlation with other radiological measurements. This prospective study consisted of 103 arthritic knees (81 varus, 22 valgus) before a TKP had been done in 103 patients (75 women, 28 men). The assessment of the PCA was made by computed tomographic scanning (CT). The HKA, HKS and HKT angles were measured on the pangonogram. The posterior condylar axis was internally rotated with respect to the epicondylar axis. The average value for all the patients was 2.65° degrees with a range from 0° to 7°. The PCA was significantly increased in the valgus knees. There was no correlation between the angles on the pangonogram and the posterior condylar axis. While the preoperative assessment of the PCA by CT scanning is reliable, the results obtained indicate the marked variability in its value. If one wishes to use the posterior condylar axis as a guide for rotation, it is therefore necessary to assess the PCA for each patient using adjustable jigs according to the value obtained. No measurement on standard radiographs allowed an extrapolation of the value of the PCA, and CT scanning seems to be the preferable radiological examination.

Electronic Supplementary Material The french version of this article is available in the form of electronic supplementary material and can be obtained by using the Springer Link server located at
Etude tomodensitométrique de l'angle condylien postérieur dans les genoux arthrosiques. Intérêt dans le positionnement en rotation de l'implant fémoral dans les prothèses totales de genou
Résumé L'axe épicondylien est une référence fiable pour le contrôle de la rotation de l'implant fémoral dans les prothèses totales de genou (PTG). Mais, lors de l'intervention, il semble plus facile d'utiliser l'axe condylien postérieur comme repère. L'angle entre ses deux axes est appelé angle condylien postérieur (ACP). Le but de cette étude était de mesurer l'ACP dans les genoux arthrosiques, d'évaluer la fiabilité de l'axe condylien postérieur comme référence pour le réglage de la rotation de l'implant fémoral, de rechercher une corrélation avec d'autres mesures radiologiques. Une étude prospective comportant 103 genoux arthrosiques (81 varus et 22 valgus), avant PTG a été effectuée, chez 103 patients (75 femmes et 28 hommes). L'évaluation de l'ACP a été faite par examen tomodensitométrique (TDM). Les angles HKA, HKS et HKT ont été mesurés sur le pangonogramme. L'axe condylien postérieur était en rotation interne par rapport à l'axe épicondylien. La valeur moyenne pour tous les patients était de 2.65°, avec des valeurs de 0 à 7°. La valeur de l'angle CP augmentait avec une différence significative dans le groupe des genu valgum. Il n'y avait pas de corrélation entre les angles du pangonogramme et l'ACP. Si l'évaluation pré-opératoire de l'ACP par TDM est fiable, les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence une variabilité importante de sa valeur. Il faut donc, si l'on veut utiliser l'axe condylien postérieur comme repère de rotation, évaluer pour chaque patient l'ACP, et utiliser un ancillaire réglable reportant la valeur obtenue. Aucune mesure sur des radiographies standard ne permettant d'extrapoler la valeur de l'ACP, la TDM semble l'examen radiologique de choix.
  相似文献   

17.
目的 探讨人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)中截骨方法的研究进展。方法 在PubMed、Springer Link、FMJS、万方网络数据库中,以“膝关节置换术”、“截骨”、“计算机导航”和“个体化模板”为关键词,查阅1988年1月—2014年6月有关人工TKA中截骨技术研究的相关文献,进行分析和总结。结果 TKA是治疗中晚期膝关节疾病的标准经典手术,术中截骨方法主要有传统器械截骨、计算机导航及个体化模板辅助截骨等。TKA中传统器械截骨,依靠机械引导装置定位及术者经验截骨,主观性强,精确度较低,手术风险大,并发症多,手术效果欠佳。与传统器械截骨相比,计算机导航辅助截骨精度可能受多种因素影响,需要的时间和并发症发生的概率更多;另外,由于其学习曲线长、设备费用昂贵、技术要求高等众多因素,限制了导航系统的推广应用。个体化模板辅助TKA技术可设计精确化的截骨方法或工具,实现个体化解剖截骨,具有提高截骨精确性、缩短手术时间、减轻手术损伤等优势,膝关节术后功能恢复更加理想。结论 随着数字骨科的不断发展,人工TKA手术方案会更加个性化,截骨更精确。数字化、个体化截骨技术可能成为今后TKA发展的新方向。  相似文献   

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