额部岛状瓣在老年口腔癌术后缺损修复重建中的应用

目的:探讨额部岛状瓣在老年口腔癌术后缺损修复重建中的应用价值.方法:对13例老年口腔癌患者施行根治性手术,同期用额部岛状瓣行术后缺损重建.其中,8例额瓣经颧弓下进入口腔,5例经颧弓外侧转移进入口腔,分别修复颊部、舌部、磨牙后区和口底黏膜区组织缺损,重建口腔功能.结果:13例皮瓣均全部成活,修复区形态及功能良好.前额部供区缺损游离移植皮片全部成活,但植皮区皮肤移动度稍差,术后1年皮片色泽接近正常,额部畸形不明显.随访6个月～2a,未见复发和转移.结论:额部岛状瓣适合于老年口腔癌术后组织缺损的修复重建,尤其是面积较大的组织缺损.     

颜面组织联合缺损修复注意事项的探讨：附65例报告

对颜面组织器官缺损畸形的修复方法各地报道较多,但多为某一组织器官,如颊部、鼻、耳、上下唇、眼睑等单一缺损修复。对上述组织器官联合缺损的修复及在制定治疗方案时,许多应遵循的原则,却结合临床讨论较少。 面颊部、鼻、眼、眉、耳及上下唇相距很近,具有复杂的解剖形态及重要的生理功能,当各种原因造成缺损时,往往扩及到邻近的组织器官。     

种植与颌骨缺损功能重建

颌骨缺损往往同时伴有大鼍牙齿的缺失,对患者面容及功能的影响举足轻重.因此,如何在颌骨缺损重建的基础上,早期恢复咀嚼功能与美学形态,是颌骨重建研究中的一个重要而关键的问题.然而,随着口腔种植技术、显微外科技术、计算机应用技术的开发和深入,尤其是将种植体引入到移植骨的功能重建后,标志着颌骨缺损修复真正进入了一个功能重建的时...     

面部口腔洞穿性缺损前臂皮瓣折叠修复临床研究

目的：总结前臂皮瓣折叠修复颌面部洞穿性缺损的临床应用及特点。方法：9例恶性肿瘤根治术后,颊部口腔软组织洞穿性缺损5例,颏部皮肤及下唇黏膜缺损3例,颊部、口腔及下颌骨硬软组织缺损1例。应用前臂皮瓣一期折叠修复口腔颌面部的洞穿性缺损,前臂皮瓣的一部分修复口腔黏膜,一部分修复面部缺损。结果：9例前臂皮瓣术后全部存活。术后随访2～48周,颌面部外形恢复及口腔功能恢复满意。结论：前臂皮瓣折叠修复颌面部洞穿性缺损效果可靠,外形满意,值得临床推广应用。     

前臂桡侧-掌长肌腱复合瓣在唇颊部缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨前臂桡侧-掌长肌腱复合瓣在唇颊部缺损修复中的应用价值,并对临床手术经验进行初步总结。方法：应用前臂桡侧-掌长肌腱复合瓣对5例唇颊部缺损患者进行手术修复,掌长肌腱与残余口轮匝肌可共同维持唇颊部形态和功能,对折的前臂皮瓣则可同时修复皮肤与黏膜缺损。术后定期随访,最短随访时间20个月。结果：5例游离复合瓣移植后均获得成活,成活率100％,在术后6个月,复合瓣外观形态较好;术后10-12个月,患者能很好地进行开闭口、咀嚼等运动。结论：前臂桡侧-掌长肌腱复合瓣修复唇颊部缺损,形态和功能均令人满意。     

折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复面颊部巨大洞穿性缺损

目的:探讨应用折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复面颊部巨大洞穿性缺损的可行性。方法:16例(男10例,女6例,年龄17～75岁,平均年龄55.4岁)面颊部恶性肿瘤扩大切除后面颊部巨大洞穿性缺损患者,采用折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复。皮岛宽7～8 cm,长8～31 cm,折叠修复面颊部洞穿性缺损,恢复口腔内衬里及外侧颊部皮肤。结果:16例皮瓣全部成活。患者面颈部外观良好,口腔功能满意。结论:折叠延长下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣可作为修复口腔恶性肿瘤根治术后所致面颊部巨大洞穿性缺损的首选皮瓣,其操作简便,安全可靠。     

鼻睑部软组织缺损的额瓣一期修复

目的:探讨鼻呤部软组织缺损的额部岛状皮瓣修复方法.方法:对8例鼻睑部软组织缺损患者,采用显微外科微创分离技术制备单侧额部岛状皮瓣进行一期修复,并将局域皮瓣翻转再造眼睑,完成鼻睑重建,供瓣区从下腹部取皮片游离移植修复或直接拉拢缝合.皮瓣设计面积最小2.5 cm×3 cm,最大8 cm×5 cm.结果:8例患者转移皮瓣均完伞成活,鼻睑外形和表情功能恢复良好,眼睑功能明显改善.结论:额部岛状皮瓣质地、颜色与受区近似并相邻,可最大程度恢复而部的美学亚单位结构,是修复鼻睑软组织缺损的一种理想材料.     

胸大肌双叶皮瓣修复颊部洞穿缺损体会

目的:介绍应用胸大肌肌蒂双叶皮瓣同期修复颊癌术后下颊部组织洞穿缺损临床体会。方法:胸大肌肌蒂皮瓣与颈淋巴清扫术的切口同时设计。根据组织缺损部位和大小设计肌蒂皮瓣,依口内外缺损大小及形状,于皮瓣的中上份用取皮刀横行削除表皮1.5cm,制成双叶瓣,以便折叠。待颊癌联合根治术完成,将其转位移植于颊部修复缺损。结果:19例中18例肌蒂皮瓣全部成活,外形、功能均满意。1例部分坏死(口内皮瓣部分感染、裂开),经短期换药二期愈合。结论:胸大肌双叶皮瓣,血供丰富、安全可靠、成功率高。可在联合根治术同时完成,是同期修复颊部洞穿缺损的有效方法。     

��µ�״Ƥ���޸��ղ�����֯ȱ��26���ٴ�����

目的探讨应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复颊部软组织缺损的效果。方法对1999年6月至2010年9月南通大学附属医院口腔颌面外科收治的26例颊部软组织缺损病例(恶性肿瘤术后颊部软组织缺损22例,车祸外伤所致的颊部软组织缺损4例),应用颏下岛状皮瓣即刻修复,所采用组织瓣面积最大8cm×4cm,最小6cm×3cm。从功能恢复与缺损形态恢复的满意度评价术后修复效果。结果 26例皮瓣均完全成活,其中25例面部形态满意,1例外观欠佳。结论颏下岛状皮瓣是修复颊部软组织缺损的有效方法。     

6颈面部及颈胸部旋转皮瓣在头颈部缺损重建中的应用

颈面部及颈胸部旋转复合组织瓣可以修复颊部、眶部、耳周及颈部多种组织缺损。该文旨在介绍应用上述组织瓣修复头面部组织缺损的经验。对33例患者行回顾性研究，平均年龄66岁。原发或复发性皮肤肿瘤是术后组织缺损的主要原因，其次为原发性腮腺肿瘤、上呼吸-消化道恶性肿瘤颈淋巴结转移。颊部、眶部、耳周及颈部组织缺损应用颈面部及颈胸部旋转组织瓣进行修复，对大面积缺损，将手术切口延伸至胸壁；     

Oral commissure reconstruction with split masseter muscle transposition and cheek skin flap

Satisfactory reconstruction of the cheek involving the oral commissure is always challenging. A 64-year-old male patient underwent full-thickness repair of a cheek defect involving the oral commissure following excision of squamous cell carcinoma. Reconstruction was performed with a cheek skin flap combined with split masseter muscle transposition. This method was found to be useful for reconstructing the oral commissure with good functional and aesthetic results.     

Double-skin paddle perforator flap from the lateral lower leg for reconstruction of through-and-through cheek defect - a report of two cases

Extensive defects after ablative surgery of oral cancer, involving exterior skin of the cheek, demand for complex reconstruction. It often requires two free flaps, or double-skin paddle scapular-, radial forearm- or fibular-flap to reconstruct through-and-through cheek defects. The outcome is mostly described as successful and functional. Nevertheless donor site morbidity and functional impairment should not be neglected. This report describes the use of double-skin paddle perforator flaps from the lateral lower leg for combined intra and extraoral reconstruction after tumour resection. This kind of flap first avoids the need of an additional free flap, secondly it produces minimal donor site morbidity because of consequent preservation of the peroneal artery and primary wound closure. Thirdly it enables a good aesthetic outcome possible because of the primarily thin, pliable and variable skin paddles.     

游离组织辦在口腔颌面-头颈肿瘤缺损修复中的应用:2549例临床分析

目的:探讨不同游离组织瓣在口腔颌面-头颈肿瘤缺损与修复中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析1979年1月～2006年12月间,我院口腔颌面外科所行血管化游离组织瓣移植患者2549例,共制备皮瓣2684块:软组织瓣包括前臂皮瓣、背阔肌皮瓣、胸大肌皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、肩胛皮瓣等;骨组织瓣包括腓骨肌皮瓣、髂骨肌皮瓣、肩胛骨肌皮瓣等。分别用于修复舌、腭、颊、口底、颌骨及面颈部大面积复合缺损。统计各年代游离组织瓣移植的成功率,分析失败原因。结果:游离组织瓣移植成功率从80年代初期(92%)至今(98.5%),呈逐年升高趋势,2684块皮瓣总成功率达96.80%。前臂皮瓣是最常用的游离组织瓣(64.12%),胸大肌皮瓣和背阔肌皮瓣在修复大面积复合缺损常被采用,各种骨肌(皮)瓣应用于颌骨缺损修复成为近年的热点。大范围复合组织缺损的救治性手术常需要多个游离组织瓣联合修复重建。结论:血管化游离组织瓣移植是口腔颌面-头颈肿瘤手术根治的保障,更是术后缺损修复的主要手段。前臂皮瓣是修复舌、颊、腭等软组织缺损的首选瓣,胸大肌与背阔肌(皮)瓣适合修复体积较大的缺损,腓骨、髂骨肌瓣是上、下颌骨缺损最常用的修复手段。其他不常用的组织瓣,应根据不同适应证进行选择。采用不同组织瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损,对患者术后外形及功能具有重要意义。     

Hemiforehead flap for reconstruction of composite facial defects

Composite defects overlap 2 or more facial units. It is difficult to reconstruct composite defects with adequate shape, color, and texture. Because it is non-hair bearing, is relatively thin, and has a color and texture similar to that of the rest of the face, the skin of the forehead possesses excellent characteristics for nasal reconstruction and repair of other facial areas. The authors developed an extended thin forehead flap (hemiforehead flap) that includes half of the total forehead skin and is based on supratrochlear vessels. In the patient reported here, a hemiforehead flap was used to reconstruct composite defects of the lower lid, cheek, nose, and upper lip. Acceptable aesthetic and functional results were achieved. This flap may serve as an alternative for reconstruction of composite facial defects.     

Frontotemporal fasciocutaneous island flap for facial aesthetic subunit reconstruction

The frontotemporal fasciocutaneous island flap is a useful source of tissue for correcting aesthetic units of the face. The quality of the tissue may be enhanced, and a successful color and texture match may be achieved. This flap is based on the temporal vessel system and its own fascia. Its provides excellent venous drainage and its pedicle length and arc of rotation may be increased. The donor scar is hidden under the hair-bearing area. The frontotemporal fasciocutaneous island flap was used in patients with inferior eyelid defects, for cheek reconstruction, for providing coverage of superior and inferior lip defects, for restoring the normal anatomy of columellar defects, and for reestablishing the contour of menton defects. The frontotemporal fasciocutaneous island flap was employed successfully in 9 patients at the Hospital Gea Gonzalez. The wide treatment possibilities for the reconstruction of aesthetic units in the face with the frontotemporal fasciocutaneous island flap are illustrated.     

Indications for reconstruction of mucosal defects in oropharyngeal cancer using a supraclavicular island flap

The use of the supraclavicular island flap (SCIF) for the reconstruction of facial and neck skin defects is increasing. The value of this fasciocutaneous flap as a reconstructive modality for oropharyngeal defects in cancer patients is unclear. In the present study, a SCIF was used for reconstruction of mucosal defects following resection of the tumour in a group of four patients with T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and a clinical N0 neck. Reconstruction was performed following transoral tumour resection and selective neck dissection at levels I–III in the same session. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed, and functional and aesthetic results for the neck and shoulder region were evaluated in follow-up examinations. In addition, sensation to the flap was evaluated. No flap failures were observed. Only minor surgical complications were evident, which did not cause any relevant functional or aesthetic impairments. Sensation to the flap was observed in all cases. The SCIF appears to be a good and time-saving alternative to free flaps for oropharyngeal reconstruction following oncological resection in selected patients.     

Rotation and advancement flap of the cheek in the treatment of rare craniofacial clefts

The treatment of Tessier no. 3 and no. 4 clefts is controversial, and little is published because of their rarity. Frequently, many surgeries are necessary for correction of these defects, and in some cases, the outcomes are less than the ideal. Aware of that problem, we developed a procedure based on the Van der Meulen rotation and advancement flap of the cheek that may correct the cleft with 1 simple procedure and also respects the aesthetic units of the face. We report 3 patients presenting cleft no. 3 and 1 patient presenting cleft no. 4 and describe the rotation and advancement flap of the cheek technique used in their treatment.     

Z plasty closure of lower lip defects after tumor excision

Reconstruction of the defects of the lower lip should provide a sensate, functional, and aesthetic lip structure. Defects of the lower lip, up to 30% of the total width, can be closed primarily, which gives a better result than any known flap operation unless the contracture of the linear scar tissue distorts the anatomic landmarks. Taking this possibility into consideration and to prevent scar contracture, we have performed Z plasty to the skin component while closing the resultant central defects of the lower lip after tumor excision. This modification improved our cosmetic results.     

Reconstruction of congenital and acquired columellar defects: clinical review of 38 patients

ABSTRACT: Reconstruction of columella presents certain difficulties and includes reconstruction of the cartilaginous strut and the overlying skin to obtain good results. We conducted a retrospective clinical review of 38 patients presenting with congenital and acquired columellar defects. Anatomic characteristics to be considered were defined and a classification method is proposed to more fully describe columellar defects. The columellar defects of the patients were classified into three groups as follows: type I, skin defect of columella and absence of medial crura of lower lateral cartilage; type II, type II + partial absence of caudal part of septal cartilage; and type III, complex defect of columella accompanying with the other nasal subunit defects. The patients chosen in this study were designed to describe a common approach for the choice of the reconstruction method that provides excellent aesthetic result while minimizing the extent of the surgery and maximizing patient acceptance.     

Anterolateral thigh flap as the ideal flap to full-thickness cheek reconstruction

Reconstruction of the cheek presents a number of challenges when seeking to recreate form and function. The use of the anterolateral thigh flap in various and novel configurations is argued as being the ideal reconstruction, illustrated by case reports.