基于CBCT观察上颌阻生尖牙患者蝶鞍形态变异情况

目的 利用锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography, CBCT)探讨上颌尖牙阻生与蝶鞍形态变异的相关性,从三维方向上评价蝶鞍变异对上颌尖牙阻生的临床预判。方法 收集125例上颌阻生尖牙患者(研究组)和125例与之相匹配的尖牙正常萌出者(对照组)。将所有样本CBCT数据导入Dolphin软件,进行重建头颅侧位片和三维图像,记录观察各组蝶鞍桥接(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型)的类型分布和发生情况。使用SPSS 25.0软件对各组结果进行统计学分析。结果 研究组蝶鞍桥接的发生率显著高于对照组(P=0.004),PIC(腭侧尖牙阻生)组蝶鞍桥接的发生率显著高于对照组(P=0.007),Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型蝶鞍桥接分布和对照组存在统计学差异(P=0.012)。而BIC(唇侧尖牙阻生)组和对照组蝶鞍桥接的发生情况无统计学差异。三维重建图像上各组间蝶鞍桥接发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 上颌尖牙阻生与蝶鞍桥接的发生情况有相关性,但仅上颌尖牙腭侧阻生患者更易发生蝶鞍桥接,而上颌尖牙唇侧阻生患者蝶鞍桥接的发生情况无变化。     

腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙与颈椎骨骼异常的相关性研究

目的:通过头影测量片、曲面平展片、锥形束CT检测腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙与颈椎骨骼异常之间是否存在关联.方法:选取103例腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙患者作为实验组,103例尖牙正常萌出的安氏I类患者作为对照组,头影测量片记录前4个颈椎融合和环椎后弓缺陷的数据.采用SPSS21.0软件包对腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙与颈椎骨骼异常之间的关系进行r检验.结果:实验组的颈椎融合发生率为71.84％(74例),而对照组为15.53％(16例),实验组显著高于对照组(P＜0.001);实验组的环椎后弓缺陷发生率为10.68％(11例),而对照组为4.85％(5例),实验组和对照组之间无显著差异.结论:腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙患者颈椎骨骼异常的发生率明显增加,颈椎骨骼异常可以配合其他诊断参数,确认尖牙埋伏的情况.     

上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者上颌切牙牙齿宽度改变的研究

目的探讨中国人上颌切牙宽度与尖牙阻生是否存在内在的联系.方法选择103名上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者,分为46名腭侧阻生组和57名唇侧阻生组.选择年龄、性别匹配,上颌尖牙正常萌出的患者60名,作为对照组.测量这些患者的上颌切牙近远中宽度,并进行统计学分析.结果尖牙阻生患者的左右侧中切牙及侧切牙的近远中宽度基本一致,无统计学差异.尖牙唇侧阻生患者的侧切牙宽度大于对照组,腭侧阻生患者的侧切牙宽度小于对照组,均有统计学差异.唇腭侧阻生患者的侧切牙宽度有显著性差异.结论尖牙埋伏阻生患者的上颌切牙宽度变化和尖牙阻生的位置有着高度的相关性.     

蝶鞍的线性测量和形态分析

目的测量头颅侧位片上蝶鞍的长度、深度、直径,记录蝶鞍的形态以及鞍桥的发生率,分析蝶鞍大小、形态、鞍桥的发生率与年龄、性别之间的关系。方法选择3~25岁正畸科就诊患者的头颅侧位片,按年龄将患者分为4组:3~10岁、11~12岁、13~14岁、15~25岁,每组400人,共1 600例。通过Winceph 8.0软件定位蝶鞍结构点,测量蝶鞍的长度、深度、直径。记录患者蝶鞍的形态及鞍桥的类型。使用SPSS 21.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果蝶鞍的长度、深度、直径均随年龄增长而增大,同一年龄段不同性别间蝶鞍大小比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。蝶鞍长度在13~14岁期间增长幅度最大,蝶鞍深度、直径在11~12岁期间增长幅度最大。性别差异仅体现在蝶鞍长度上:男性蝶鞍长度在13~14岁期间增长幅度最大,女性蝶鞍长度在11~12岁期间增长幅度最大。蝶鞍形状所占的比例依次为圆形37.9%、扁平状33.2%、椭圆形28.9%;鞍桥的发生率为12.2%,性别间鞍桥的发生率有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论生长发育期间蝶鞍的大小随年龄增长而增大,同一年龄段蝶鞍的大小无性别差异;蝶鞍各形状所占的比例,性别间差异无统计学意义;鞍桥的发生率性别间差异有统计学意义,男性鞍桥的发生率大于女性。     

上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者牙弓形态及拥挤度的研究

目的 上颌尖牙唇侧和腭侧埋伏阻生患者的牙弓宽度、长度、拥挤度与正常(牙合)个体之间是否存在差异.方法 经CT检查上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者104名,年龄11-28岁.尖牙唇侧阻生患者57名,腭侧阻生患者47名,对其牙弓宽度、长度、拥挤度进行测量,并和正常(牙合)个体进行对照研究.结果 上颌尖牙唇侧埋伏阻生患者82.5%伴有牙弓中重度拥挤,上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生患者57.4%的牙弓基本无拥挤.上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者中,无论是唇侧埋伏还是腭侧埋伏,其牙弓长度与正常(牙合)无差异.双尖牙区牙弓宽度减小.结论 国人上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者的牙弓宽度、长度、拥挤度的特点与白种人不同.     

改良横腭杆作支抗协助导萌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙10例报告

目的：探讨使用改良的横腭杆正畸临床矫治腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙的疗效。方法：选择2010～2012年在周口市口腔医院正畸科就诊的腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙10例,均经螺旋CT检查确诊为腭侧埋伏,并有较大把握导萌者。所有患者都采用了改良横腭杆的矫治方法。结果：经过平均7.6个月的导萌治疗（最短4.6个月,最长8.4个月）10个病例共12颗埋伏阻生尖牙均导萌成功,埋伏阻生的尖牙均移至理想的位置,咬合关系良好,牙龈附着满意,未见有牙根吸收现象。结论：改良横腭杆协助正畸临床导萌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙是一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

利用锥形束CT研究单侧上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者牙弓形态特点

目的 利用锥形束CT(Cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)研究单侧上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者牙弓形态特点,为研究其病因及预防继发病症提供参考.方法 39名单侧上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者,其中腭侧埋伏19名,唇侧埋伏20名,另设正常对照20名.三组患者年龄无显著性差异.三组患者拍摄CBCT并对牙弓的影像进行测量,比较三组之间以及阻生侧与非阻生侧的牙弓形态特点.结果 尖牙阻生患者的双侧牙弓比较显示,阻生侧前段及整侧牙弓长度均比非阻生侧小(P＜0.001).腭侧组第一磨牙到腭中缝距离(24.06±1.68) mm小于唇侧组(24.86±1.31)mm和对照组(24.88±1.12) mm,腭侧组牙弓周长(72.29±3.50) mm小于唇侧组(75.96±5.26) mm,P＜0.05.结论 上颌尖牙埋伏阻生可能与牙弓长度(尤其是前段)较短有关,且腭侧阻生可能还与牙弓宽度较小有关.     

上颌埋伏阻生尖牙在锥形束CT和曲面体层片中的位置分布及特征研究

目的　通过分析上颌埋伏阻生尖牙在曲面体层片上牙冠和牙根所在区域、牙轴倾斜度及牙齿长度,对照其在锥形束CT（cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT）上的位置,找出上颌埋伏阻生尖牙的曲面体层片预测因素。方法　选取2006—2018年于中国医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的单侧上颌埋伏阻生尖牙患者135例,共计上颌埋伏阻生尖牙135颗为研究组,同一患者对侧非埋伏阻生尖牙135颗为对照组。（1）采用NNT Viewer软件、Planmeca Dimaxis Pro软件分别对患者的CBCT图像和曲面体层片进行测量,将曲面体层片中上颌埋伏阻生尖牙近远中向位置分为5区（Ⅰ ~ Ⅴ区）,其唇腭侧位置由CBCT判定,分析两者相关性。（2）在曲面体层片中测量分析研究组与对照组牙冠及牙根的近远中向位置分布、牙轴倾斜度以及牙齿长度的差异。结果　（1）不同性别患者上颌埋伏阻生尖牙唇腭侧位置分布的差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 13.542,P = 0.001）。曲面体层片中上颌埋伏阻生尖牙牙根近远中向的区域定位与CBCT中相应阻生尖牙的唇腭侧位之间有显著相关性（r = 0. 225,P = 0.009）;但其牙冠间无相关性（r = 0.001,P = 0.991）。（2）两组尖牙牙冠及牙根近远中向位置分布差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为219.263、68.447,均P < 0.001）。研究组较对照组尖牙牙齿长度短,牙轴倾斜度大（均P < 0.05）。结论　利用曲面体层片中上颌阻生尖牙牙根近远中向的区域定位可预测其唇腭侧位。在曲面体层片中牙根近远中向位置和牙齿长度的测量结果可用于预测上颌埋伏阻生尖牙的发生。     

上颌埋伏阻生尖牙与牙弓及腭部形态的相关性

埋伏阻生尖牙是临床上常见的牙齿畸形,多种因素可导致尖牙骨内移位形成颊、腭侧阻生.近年来,有研究发现埋伏阻生尖牙与上牙弓及腭部形态之间有密切联系,牙弓宽度、长度、腭穹隆深度及腭面积、腭体积均可能与埋伏阻生牙相关.对上颌形态的研究有助于在临床工作中对尖牙阻生进行早期诊断和干预,减少治疗并发症.本文就埋伏阻生尖牙相关的上牙弓...     

上颌侧切牙先天性缺失与蝶鞍相关性研究

目的 比较上颌侧切牙先天性缺失患者和牙列完整患者的蝶鞍大小,评估鞍桥和上颌侧切牙先天性缺失之间是否存在联系.方法 以上颌侧切牙先天性缺失患者作为试验组,牙列完整者作为对照组,每组各80例.利用Dolphin软件测量蝶鞍的大小,记录蝶鞍鞍桥的钙化程度.结果 两组间的蝶鞍大小除长度以外差异均无统计学意义.试验组与对照组在鞍...     

骨性安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形与蝶鞍的相关性研究

目的    探讨骨性安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形与蝶鞍大小、形态以及鞍桥发生率的相关性,为制定正确的矫治计划提供参考。方法    选取2002—2015年中国医科大学附属口腔医院正畸-正颌联合治疗的骨性安氏Ⅲ类错牙合患者249例为试验组,其中男120例,女性129例;仅接受正畸治疗的安氏Ⅰ类错牙合者患者296例为对照组,其中男150例,女146例;所有患者年龄18 ~ 36岁。Winceph 8.0软件定位蝶鞍相关标记点,测量蝶鞍的长度、深度和直径,记录蝶鞍形态（椭圆形、圆形、扁平状）以及鞍桥类型（无鞍桥、部分鞍桥、完全鞍桥）。采用SPSS 21.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计分析。结果    试验组与对照组蝶鞍长度和深度差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,而蝶鞍直径差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）;两组男性与女性蝶鞍长度差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,而蝶鞍深度和直径差异均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。试验组蝶鞍各形状所占比例从大至小依次为扁平状、圆形和椭圆形,对照组依次为圆形、扁平状和椭圆形,两组男性与女性蝶鞍形态差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。试验组鞍桥发生率为68.27%,对照组为17.23%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组男性与女性鞍桥类型比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论    骨性安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形与蝶鞍大小和形态显著相关,骨性安氏Ⅲ类错牙合患者的鞍桥发生率较对照组明显增加。     

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??Objective    To investigate the relationship between Angle Class?? malocclusion and sella bridge by measuring the size of sella and recording the prevalence of sella bridge to provide the basis for clinical treatment. Methods             Totally 249 cases of Class??malocclusion managed by orthodontic-orthognathic treatment were selected as experimental group??which included 120 males and 129 females. Another 296 cases of Class I malocclusion receiving orthodontic treatment were selected as control group??which included 150 males and 146 females. The ages ranged from 18 to 36 years old. The sella point was located by Winceph 8.0 software to measure the length,depth and diameter of sella. Record the shape of sella??oval??round and flat?? and tpye of sella bridge ??no sella bridge??partial sella bridge??complete sella bridge??. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21.0. Results    Significant differences were found on the length and depth of sella between two groups??while no significant difference was found on the diameter of sella between two groups.The gender differences on the length of sella in two groups was significant??while no significant differences were found on the depth and diameter of sella. The proportion on the shape of sella from most to least in experimental group was flat??round and oval??while in control group it was round??flat and oval. There were no significant differences on genders in two groups. Besides??the occurrence of sella bridge in experimental group was 68.27% while the incidence of sella bridge in control group was 17.23%. No difference were found on the incidence of sella bridge between genders in two groups. Conclusion    The association between Angle Class?? malocclusion and the size and shape of sella is significant. The prevalence of sella bridge in skeletal crossbite cases significantly increases when compared with the control group.     

恒牙先天缺失患者蝶鞍和颅底的头影测量研究

目的 探究不同程度恒牙先天缺失患者蝶鞍与颅底的大小及形态差异。 方法 选取2020—2021年就诊于四川大学华西口腔医院正畸科的322例患者为研究对象,依据先天缺牙数目将患者分为3组：对照组（无恒牙先天缺失,112例）;试验Ⅰ组（先天缺失1~2颗恒牙,104例）;试验Ⅱ组（先天缺失3颗及以上恒牙,106例）。使用Uceph头影测量软件对每位患者头颅侧位片的蝶鞍的长度、深度和直径以及颅底相关线性和角度参数进行测量。对每位患者的蝶鞍形态进行判定。采用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。 结果 3组的蝶鞍长度、深度、直径以及颅底相关的线性和角度参数差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3组的鞍桥发生率的差异有统计学意义（P=0.013）,试验组高于对照组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 虽然蝶鞍的线性大小及颅底特征在正常人和先天缺牙患者中未见明显差异,但在先天缺牙患者中鞍桥发生率更高,提示该人群的蝶鞍解剖学形态可能异常。     

The shape and size of the sella turcica in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III Saudi subjects

The purpose of this study was to describe the shape and measure the size of the sella turcica in Saudi subjects with different skeletal types. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 180 individuals (90 males and 90 females) with an age range of 11-26 years were taken and distributed according to skeletal classification; 60 Class I, 60 Class II, and 60 Class III. The sella turcica on each radiograph was analysed and measured to determine the shape of the sella, in addition to the linear dimensions of length, depth, and diameter. A Student's t-test was used to calculate differences in linear dimensions, while a one-way analysis of variance was performed to study the relationship between skeletal type and sella size. The results show that the sella turcica presented with a normal morphology in the majority of subjects (67 per cent). No significant differences in linear dimensions between genders could be found. When age was evaluated, significant differences were found between the older (15 years or more) and the younger (11-14 years) age groups at the 0.01 and 0.001 levels for length, depth, and diameter. Sella size of the older age group was larger than in the younger age group. When skeletal type was compared with sella size, a significant difference was found in the diameter of sella between the Class II and Class III subjects (P < 0.01). Larger diameter values were present in the skeletal Class III subjects, while smaller diameter sizes were apparent in Class II subjects (multiple comparison tests). When gender, age, and skeletal type were all compared with the size of the sella (regression analyses), age was significantly related to a change of length (P < 0.01) and diameter (P < 0.001). Sella shape and dimensions reported in the current study can be used as reference standards for further investigations involving the sella turcica area in Saudi subjects.     

The morphology of sella turcica in cleft and non-cleft individuals

Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze the morphology and expedient the linear dimensions of Sella Turcica among cleft and non-cleft Indian individuals, and then to determine whether differences exist between different study groups.Materials and methodsThe lateral cephalogram of 300 patients (150 cleft and 150 non-cleft), aged 18 to 30 years who reported for various treatments of malocclusions were studied.ResultThe normal morphology of the sella turcica were seen in 85 of the 150 non-cleft individuals which was highest (56.66%) in the non-cleft group, however in the cleft group it was seen in only 16 of the 150 individuals (10.6%). Sella turcica bridge were seen in 10% of the non-cleft subjects, whereas in the cleft group it was seen in 38% of the individuals. A significant difference was seen in the linear measurements of the sella turcica of cleft and no-cleft individuals.ConclusionThe normal morphology of the sella turcica was seen in the majority of the non-cleft individuals. The cleft individuals showed an increased incidence of sella turcica bridging with reduced linear measurements of the sella as compared to the non-cleft individuals.     

不同类型骨性错畸形患者蝶鞍特征研究

目的探讨不同类型骨性错畸形患者的蝶鞍大小、形态和鞍桥发生率。方法选取2016年7月至2019年9月于中国医科大学附属口腔医院第一门诊及正畸二科就诊的骨性Ⅰ类错畸形患者100例(Ⅰ组)、骨性Ⅱ类错畸形患者100例(Ⅱ组)、骨性Ⅲ类错畸形患者100例(Ⅲ组)。收集各组患者头颅侧位片,使用Winceph8.0软件定位相关标记点,并测量蝶鞍的长度、深度和直径,同时记录蝶鞍的形态(扁平形、椭圆形、圆形)以及鞍桥的类型(无鞍桥、部分鞍桥、完全鞍桥),计算各组患者鞍桥发生率。应用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果各组患者蝶鞍大小、形态比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05);但其鞍桥发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001),其中Ⅲ组患者鞍桥发生率(66.0%)明显高于Ⅰ组(17.0%)和Ⅱ组(34.0%)。不同性别患者蝶鞍大小、形态及鞍桥发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。结论骨性Ⅲ类错畸形患者的鞍桥发生率显著增加,提示鞍桥的发生可能与颅颌面发育异常相关。     

Post-natal size and morphology of the sella turcica. Longitudinal cephalometric standards for Norwegians between 6 and 21 years of age

The purpose of this study was to establish normative longitudinal cephalometric standards of size and to describe the morphology of the sella turcica in Norwegian males and females between 6 and 21 years of age using standardized lateral radiographic cephalograms. The subjects comprised 35 males and 37 females from the Oslo University Craniofacial Growth Archive. All were healthy Caucasians, with an Angle Class I molar and canine relationship with no apparent facial disharmony. None had undergone orthodontic therapy.The length, depth, and diameter of the sella turcica was measured and the mean values were analysed longitudinally. Comparisons between the dimensions of the sella turcica of males and females in each age group were performed using a Student's t-test.The length of the sella turcica was almost constant throughout the observation period and the depth and diameter increased with age. No differences between males and females were detected for the depth and diameter of the sella turcica, but the length was larger in males throughout the observation period.The morphology of the sella turcica was assessed and five different morphological aberration types were identified: oblique anterior wall, sella turcica bridging, double contour of the floor, irregularity (notching) in the posterior part of the dorsum sellae, and pyramidal shape of the dorsum sellae. The female subjects had slightly more sella turcicas with aberrant morphology.These reference standards for the dimensions of the sella turcica can be used in the study of growth and development of individuals with craniofacial aberrations and syndromes.     

A sella turcica bridge in subjects with dental anomalies

Calcification of the interclinoid ligament (ICL) of the sella turcica, or sella turcica bridging, has been associated with severe craniofacial deviations. Despite no comprehensive study on the sella turcica bridge, a relationship with tooth and eruption disturbances has been reported. In order to investigate whether congenital absence of the second mandibular premolar, or the presence of a palatally displaced canine (PDC), is associated with sella bridging, a retrospective study was performed. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 20 males and 14 females, aged between 8 and 16 years, with a PDC and second mandibular premolar aplasia were reviewed and compared with a control group. A standardized scoring scale was established to quantify the extent of a sella turcica bridge from each radiograph (no calcification, partially calcified, and completely calcified). The prevalence of complete calcification of the ICL in adolescents with dental anomalies was equal to 17.6 per cent, while an incidence 9.9 per cent was found in the control group. A partially calcified sella turcica was observed in 58.8 per cent of adolescents with dental anomalies compared with 33.7 per cent in the control group. The association between the degree of calcification of the ICL and the presence of dental anomalies in the studied adolescents was statistically significant according to chi-square statistics (P = 0.004). This was confirmed by Fisher's exact test (P = 0.003). According to these findings, the prevalence of a sella turcica bridge in adolescents with dental anomalies is increased, while age and gender do not greatly influence ossification of the ICL. The very early appearance during development of a sella turcica bridge should alert clinicians to possible tooth anomalies in life later.     

替牙期62例上颌尖牙阻生儿童牙弓及腭部形态特征分析

目的:比较上颌尖牙阻生与无阻生儿童牙弓及腭部形态的差异,为上颌尖牙阻生早期识别和干预提供参考.方法:选择8～11岁[平均(9.82±1.04)岁]儿童62例,分为实验组(上颌尖牙阻生)和对照组(无上颌尖牙阻生),每组31例.将2组患者石膏模型通过3D激光扫描后转化为数字模型,测量牙弓宽度、牙弓长度、基骨宽度、腭部宽度、...