体重指数、腰围与高血压患病率关系的分析

目的探讨体重指数(BMI)和腰围(WC)对人群高血压患病率的影响。方法采用集中调查和入户调查相结合的方式,对社区35岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果该地区高血压患病率29.96%,全身性肥胖患病率为12.52%,中心性肥胖患病率33.26%。全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖患者中高血压患病率分别为57.87%和51.80%,中心性肥胖人群患高血压的风险是腰围正常人群的4.56倍,超重和肥胖人群患高血压的风险分别是体重正常人群的3.17倍和6.76倍,超重且中心性肥胖者患高血压的风险是体重正常腰围也正常人群的7.01倍。结论该地区超重和肥胖患病形势严峻,超重肥胖人群患高血压的风险显著增高,控制体重对高血压等慢性病的防治具有重要意义。     

佛山市南海区社区人群体型指数、腰围与高血压的关系

目的采用腰围(WC)、体质指数(BMI)综合评价广东省佛山市南海区成年人中心性肥胖者高血压患病风险。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取南海区2个街道6个镇共17124户中18岁以上常住居民进行调查。采用入户面对面访谈的方法,并进行相关人体测量。采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行多因素Logistic回归分析,比较各BMI组别中心性肥胖者高血压患病的OR值。结果体质指数偏瘦、正常、超重和肥胖组中,男性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为14.6%、23.8%、34.1%和42.7%;女性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为20.3%,24.2%,33.8%和43.5%;除男性体型偏瘦组外,中心性肥胖者高血压患病率均明显高于同组内的正常腰围人群(P0.01);调整混杂因素(年龄、吸烟、饮酒和体育锻炼等)后,与正常腰围人群比较,BMI正常、超重及肥胖组别中男性中心性肥胖者患高血压患病的OR值分别为1.485(1.319~1.672)、1.827(1.536~2.191)、2.849(1.659~4.893);中心性肥胖女性BMI偏瘦、正常、超重及肥胖组高血压患病OR值分别为1.642(1.112~2.425)、1.530(1.363~1.717)、1.644(1.299~2.080)、3.529(2.001~6.225)。结论 BMI与WC两者结合可明显提高高血压风险预测价值;应将腹型肥胖尤其是全身性肥胖合并腹型肥胖的人群作为社区高血压防治的重点干预人群。     

中国成人腰围、体质指数与高血压关系

目的 采用腰围(WC)、体质指数(BMI)综合评价中国18～69岁成年人中心性肥胖者高血压患病风险.方法 利用2004年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测样本人数,采用多级抽样方法抽取18～69岁成年人30 686人,采用问卷调查和人体测量方法收集数据,比较各BMI组别中心性肥胖者高血压患病的OR值.结果 体质指数正常、超重和肥胖组中,男性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为26.1%,32.0%和49.2%;女性中心性肥胖者高血压患病率分别为22.5%,28.2%和41.5%;除男性肥胖组外,中心性肥胖者高血压患病率均明显高于同组内的正常腰围人数(P<0.01);调整混杂因素(年龄、吸烟状况、饮酒状况和锻炼等)后,与正常腰围人群比较,各BMI组别中男性中心性肥胖者患高血压患病的OR值分别为1.9(95%CI=1.6～2.3),1.6(95%CI=1.3～1.9),1.6(95%CI=0.7～3.7);女性患高血压患病OR值分别为1.5(95%CI=1.3～1.8),1.4(95%CI=0.2～1.6),2.5(95%CI=1.2～5.2).结论 中心性肥胖者与正常腰围者比较具有更高的高血压患病风险.     

山东省中西部农村居民肥胖与高血压和糖尿病的关系

目的 研究超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖与糖尿病(DM)、高血压之间的关系.方法 按照多阶段分层随机抽样原则,对山东省中西部农村居民16 388人进行问卷调查并测量身高、体重、腰围、血压、空腹血糖.空腹血糖在6.1～7.0mmol/L间复做口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT).分析超重肥胖、中心性肥胖与糖尿病和高血压患病率间的关系.结果 超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖患病率分别为35.28%,15.31%,40.63%,DM患病率为4.27%,高血压患病率为43.8%.DM和高血压患病率随BMI和腰围的增加而升高,经X2趋势检验,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经分层分析,高血压患病率随BMI和腰围增加而升高,DM患病率随腰围增加而升高(P＜0.05),随BMI增加,DM患病率并无上升(P＞0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析证实,高血压患病危险性与BMI和腰围相关(P＜0.05),而DM仅与腰围有关(P＜0.05),与BMI无关(P＞0.05).结论 超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖与高血压、糖尿病关系密切.必须加强超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖的干预控制工作.     

腰臀比和体重指数与非酒精性脂肪肝的相关性研究

目的探讨长沙市某单位职工人群腰臀比值、体重指数与非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)等危险因素的相关性及流行病学特征。方法选择2006年4-12月长沙市某单位职工人群3872例进行健康体检,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、血脂、血糖、肝功等指标,并按腰臀比值、体重指数进行分组,分析各组与NAFLD肥胖、高脂血症、高血压、高血糖等危险因素的相关性及流行病学特征。结果受检者肥胖、超重、中心型肥胖、高脂血症、高血压、高血糖、NAFLD的患病率分别为37.8%、25.4%、39.0%、43.1%、23.9%、6.7%、25.3%。中心型肥胖组(按WHR分型)和外周型肥胖组(按BMI分型)NAFLD的患病率明显高于正常体型和正常体重组。中心型肥胖与外周型肥胖与NAFLD的患病率呈正相关。结论长沙市某单位职工人群以肥胖、高血脂、高血压、高血糖等表现为特征的NAFLD的患病率明显增高,尤其是高脂血症值得关注。肥胖、高脂血症是诱发高血压、高血糖导致NAFLD的独立危险因素,中心型肥胖比外周型肥胖危险性更大。腰臀比值与体重指数都可作为NAFLD的危险预测因素,腰臀比值比体重指数特异性更高,两者结合可明显提高NAFLD风险预测的特异性和敏感性。     

金华市婺城区农村居民肥胖与高血压关系研究

目的研究农村人群超重、肥胖与高血压的关系.方法多阶段随机抽样确定样本,集中和人户结合方式问卷调查和体格测量.统计体重指数(BMI)、腰围、腰臀比(WHR)等指标和高血压的相关关系.结果婺城区农村居民超重、肥胖现患率为23.8%、6.9%.肥胖(BMI≥28)人群高血压患病率为51.7%,超重(24≤BMI≤27.9)人群高血压患病率为30.0%.腰围高于正常值(男≥95,女≥90)的人群高血压患病率为58.6%,OR=1.71.WHR高于正常值(男＞0.90,女＞0.80)的人群高血压患病率为31.9%,0R=1.71.结论 BMI、腰围、WHR与高血压患病率呈正相关.预防超重、肥胖是预防高血压的有效措施.     

城市成人超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖的流行特征和相关危险因素分析

目的了解中国城市成人超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖的分布特征及其危险因素,为制定肥胖防控的策略提供科学依据。方法采用二阶段整群抽样,选取2009年在北京和重庆两地参加健康体检的79012名城市人群,测量其身高、体重、腰围,按年龄、性别、地区分层计算超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖率,采用Logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果我国城市成人的超重、肥胖率分别为36.7%和11.6%,约44.8%的成人为中心性肥胖,在体重正常（BMI<18.5kg/m²）的人群中,仍有12.1%为中心性肥胖。男性的超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖率均高于女性,随年龄段的增加性别差异逐渐缩小。北京和重庆两地超重率已相差不大,但肥胖和中心性肥胖的患病率仍然是北方地区高于西南地区。年龄增大、生活在北方地区、不良生活习惯均为超重肥胖或中心性肥胖的危险因素。结论我国城市人群的超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖呈现较高的患病水平,应充分关注中心性肥胖的增长趋势。     

老年人体质指数和腰围与高血压的相关性分析

目的:了解我院老年人腰围(WC)和体质指数(BMI)的分布特征,及其与高血压的关系。方法:随机选取2015年12月-2016年12月在我院进行检查或治疗的386例老年人,分析其WC、BMI指标的分布情况,探讨与高血压患病的相关性。结果:386例老年人BMI平均为(22.98±6.23),超重和肥胖率分别为28.24%、6.74%;除腰围、收缩压外,其余各测量指标的男女性别差异并不显著;超重、肥胖患者中高血压的患病率明显高于体重正常患者,尤其中心性肥胖患高血压的风险较非中心性肥胖患者明显要高,可见BMI、WC与高血压患病密切相关(P0.05),并随着BMI升高,高血压患病率升高。结论:BMI、MC与高血压成正相关,超重与肥胖(尤其是中心性肥胖)是高血压患病的危险因素。     

中老年男性肥胖流行特征及其与慢性病的关系

目的 了解上海市中老年男性肥胖的流行现状及其与慢性病的关系.方法 利用上海市男性健康队列研究的基线调查资料.研究对象为上海市某区8个街道40～74岁的中老年男性,2002-2006年期间共调查61 500人.采用体重指数(BMI)和腰围臀围比(WHR)作为肥胖的测量指标.利用非条件logistic回归模型分析肥胖和各种慢性病之间的关系.结果 被访者超重、肥胖和向心性肥胖的标化患病率分别为36.8%、7.7%和49.7%.在所有被访者中,66.7%患有一种及以上慢性疾病.高血压标化患病率(26.5%)居首位.分别调整WHR和BMI,高血压、冠心病、胆结石、泌尿道结石、中风的患病率随BMI和WHR的增高而上升.与正常BMI组相比,肥胖组患5种疾病的OR值为1.16～3.13;WHR最大组与最小组相比,5种疾病的OR值为1.20～1.69.趋势检验P值均＜0.05.糖尿病与WHR呈正相关,WHR最大组的患病率是最小组2.40倍(95%CI:2.14～2.70),而糖尿病与BMI无关.慢性阻塞性肺病的患病率随BMI增高而下降,肥胖组与正常BMI组相比,OR=0.87(95%CI:0.77～0.98);而WHR结果 则相反,WHR最大组的OR值为最小组的1.26倍(95%CI:1.14～1.40).结论 高血压、胆结石、泌尿道结石、心脑血管疾病在肥胖男性中患病率较高.糖尿病患病率与向心性肥胖呈正相关.     

上海市成年人中心性肥胖者糖尿病的患病风险

目的 采用腰围(waist circumference,WC)、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)综合评价上海35岁及以上成年人中心性肥胖者糖尿病患病风险。方法 利用2013年上海慢性病及其危险因素监测样本人数,采用多级抽样方法抽取35岁及以上成年人20 991人,采用问卷调查、身体测量和实验室检测方法收集数据,比较各BMI组别中心性肥胖者糖尿病患病的OR值。结果 体质指数正常、超重和肥胖组中,男性中心性肥胖者糖尿病患病率分别为19.68%、21.89%和27.03%;女性中心性肥胖者糖尿病患病率分别为17.78%、19.32%和26.73%;不同体质指数分组中心性肥胖人群糖尿病患病风险情况,男女性正常体重组和女性超重组,调整混杂因素前后,中心性肥胖者糖尿病患病率明显高于同组内的正常腰围人数(P＜0.01),OR值分别为男性正常体重组未调整OR值1.62(95%CI:1.16～2.28),调整后OR值1.65(95%CI:1.16～2.33);女性正常体重组未调整OR值2.28(95%CI:1.71～3.04),调整后OR值1.93(95%CI:1.49～2.50);女性超重组未调整OR值2.31(95%CI:1.66～3.22),调整后OR值2.01(95%CI:1.44～2.80)。结论 中心性肥胖者与正常腰围者比较具有更高的糖尿病患病风险。     

Obesity Prevalence in Gaziantep, Turkey

Background:

Obesity is associated with reduced quality of life, development of serious chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes, increased medical care costs, and premature death. Environmental effects, especially feeding habits may cause hyperinsulinemia and obesity. A Healthy People 2010 objective is to reduce the proportion of adults who are obese to 15%.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1647 persons in a sample representing Gaziantep, Turkey. Over the selected 329 houses, 310 houses were reached (94.2%) and data about 1315 related persons was collected. The body mass index (BMI) shows the relationship between the weight and the height of people, calculated by the ratio of mass by kg over the square value of height measure. In statistical analyses chi-square, student''s t-test and logistic regression analysis were used.

Results:

The mean BMI increased with time for both sex, whereas decreased for 60+ age group. The fastest increase for both sex was seen while transition from 18 year to 19-29 age groups occurred. Another increase in women was in 30-39 age group; BMI=25.08±4.39 in 19-29 ages whilst BMI=29.02±5.79 in 30-39 ages. The increases in both sex in other age groups were not as much as in this group.

Conclusion:

Obesity is not only a problem in the Gaziantep but is also a major health concern in Europe and other regions of the world. As an accepted method against obesity, life-style changes should be put into use from childhood supported in school and family life.     

Trends of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in Tijuana,Mexico

The objectives of this study were to compare the trends of obesity from 2001–02 to 2006–07 in school children of Tijuana, Mexico and to investigate the relationship with the child's gender and type of school attended. Bietapic random sample was selected by cluster of schools and groups. Results of the 1684 children from 6–14 years of age assessed showed an overall prevalence of obesity (> 95^th) of 28%. An overall increase of overweight and obesity of 7-percentage points (p = 0.0003), from 41 to 48%, being higher among boys and younger girls. Prevalence of obesity was higher among boys and children from private schools.     

The Harrow Slimming Club: report on 1090 enrollments in 50 courses, 1977–1986

The Harrow Slimming Club is a non-profit making group run by Harrow Health Authority using Health Service premises, and with trained dietitians as counsellors. The administration structure, recruitment procedure and nutrition advice are described.
Data is presented on 1090 enrollments in 50 courses. The club members were typically women about 13 kg overweight, and 30–50 years old, although there was a wide range in both age and degree of obesity. Men (114) attended either mixed courses or men only courses.
During the first initial 10-week course the average attendance was 8.4 with a 5.4 kg weight loss for members who later attended another course or courses. Members who attended only one course lost 3.82 kg during 6.8 attendances. Men who attended men-only courses attended more frequently and lost more weight than men on mixed courses.
The results presented are similar to those obtained from the first 14 courses (Seddon et al ., 1981)     

Barriers and facilitators to childhood obesity prevention among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Victoria,Australia

Objective: Childhood obesity is rising among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) groups who show poor engagement in obesity prevention initiatives. We examined the barriers and facilitators to the engagement of CALD communities in obesity prevention initiatives. Methods: We used the nominal group technique to collect data from 39 participants from Vietnamese, Burmese, African, Afghani and Indian origins living in disadvantaged areas of Victoria, Australia. Data analysis revealed ranked priorities for barriers and facilitators for CALD community engagement in obesity prevention initiatives. Results: CALD parents identified key barriers as being: competing priorities in the post‐migration settlement phase; language, cultural and program accessibility barriers; low levels of food and health literacy; junk food advertisement targeting children; and lack of mandatory weight checks for schoolchildren. Key facilitators emerged as: bicultural playgroup leaders; ethnic community groups; and school‐based healthy lunch box initiatives. Conclusion: This study has identified several policy recommendations including: the implementation of robust food taxation policies; consistent control of food advertising targeting children; improving CALD health literacy using bicultural workers; and matching health promotional materials with CALD community literacy levels. Implications for Public Health: These recommendations can directly influence public health policy to improve the engagement of CALD communities in obesity prevention services and ultimately reduce the widening obesity disparities in Australia.     

Zinc,Iron and Vitamins A,C and E Are Associated with Obesity,Inflammation, Lipid Profile and Insulin Resistance in Mexican School-Aged Children

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between micronutrient status and obesity, lipids, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation in children. Weight, height, waist circumference and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) were determined in 197 school-aged children. Lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), zinc, iron and vitamins A, C and E were analyzed in blood. Vitamin C and vitamin E:lipids were negatively associated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and body and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Vitamin A was positively associated with BMI, BMI-for-age, WHR and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Iron and vitamin E:lipids were negatively associated with insulin (p < 0.05). Vitamins A, C and E and iron were negatively associated with CRP (p < 0.05). Interaction analysis showed that children who were overweight and obese who also had low concentrations of vitamin A had higher CRP and lower triglycerides (p < 0.1), children with low vitamin E had significantly lower glucose and triglycerides (p < 0.1) and higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p < 0.05), and children with low zinc concentrations had higher insulin resistance compared with children with adequate weight (p < 0.05). In conclusion, low vitamin C concentration and vitamin E:lipids were associated with obesity. Furthermore, low concentrations of zinc, vitamins A and E in children who were overweight and obese were associated with lipids, inflammation and insulin resistance.     

单纯性肥胖儿血脂及载脂蛋白AⅠ,B100,CⅡ和CⅢ的研究

本文测定了32例肥胖儿和年龄及性别配对的正常健康儿血脂和载脂蛋白水平,使用相对体重,Kaup指数,上臂围,体脂含量和皮褶厚度总和作为肥胖的评价指标,肩胛下与三头肌皮褶厚度比值(STR)评价脂肪分布情况。采用Sclaro法测定TG,TC和HDL-C。免疫圆周扩散法测定APO-AI,B100,CⅡ和CⅢ。结果表明:肥胖儿血HDL-C,HDL-C/TC,APO-AI和APO-CⅡ/CⅢ比显著降低,TG,VLDL-C,APO-B100,APO-CⅢ,动脉硬化指数和APO-BlOO/AⅠ显著升高,并与肥胖程度显著相关。多元分析表明:TSFT与HDL-C显著相关,STR主要影响VLDL-C和APO-CⅡ/CⅢ。结果提示:肥胖可影响血脂和载脂蛋白水平;载脂蛋白和脂肪异常分布是血脂变化的主要原因之一;肥胖儿的确有发生动脉粥样硬化的危险。     

Global Obesity: Nestle Initiatives in Nutrition, Health, and Wellness

This paper addresses some of the ways that Nestle is making a long-term commitment to the health and well-being of consumers. In particular, Nestle, like other food companies, has a role to play in improving people's health and wellness by improving the nutritional profile of foods, by ensuring sound communication on nutrition and consumer education, and by collaborating with other stakeholders in order to improve consumer health.     

Preserved Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function,Redox State,Inflammation and Mass in Obese Mice with Chronic Heart Failure

Background: Skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle mass loss may worsen prognosis in chronic heart failure (CHF). Diet-induced obesity may also cause SM mitochondrial dysfunction as well as oxidative stress and inflammation, but obesity per se may be paradoxically associated with high SM mass and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, as well as with enhanced survival in CHF. Methods: We investigated interactions between myocardial infarction(MI)-induced CHF and diet-induced obesity (12-wk 60% vs. standard 10% fat) in modulating gastrocnemius muscle (GM) mitochondrial ATP and tissue superoxide generation, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), cytokines and insulin signalling activation in 10-wk-old mice in the following groups: lean sham-operated, lean CHF (LCHF), obese CHF (ObCHF; all n = 8). The metabolic impact of obesity per se was investigated by pair-feeding ObCHF to standard diet with stabilized excess body weight until sacrifice at wk 8 post-MI. Results: Compared to sham, LCHF had low GM mass, paralleled by low mitochondrial ATP production and high mitochondrial reative oxygen species (ROS) production, pro-oxidative redox state, pro-inflammatory cytokine changes and low insulin signaling (p < 0.05). In contrast, excess body weight in pair-fed ObCHF was associated with high GM mass, preserved mitochondrial ATP and mitochondrial ROS production, unaltered redox state, tissue cytokines and insulin signaling (p = non significant vs. Sham, p < 0.05 vs. LCHF) despite higher superoxide generation from non-mitochondrial sources. Conclusions: CHF disrupts skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in lean rodents with low ATP and high mitochondrial ROS production, associated with tissue pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, low insulin signaling and muscle mass loss. Following CHF onset, obesity per se is associated with high skeletal muscle mass and preserved tissue ATP production, mitochondrial ROS production, redox state, cytokines and insulin signaling. These paradoxical and potentially favorable obesity-associated metabolic patterns could contribute to reported obesity-induced survival advantage in CHF.