不同促泌剂治疗2型糖尿病2年的HOMA分析

目的通过前瞻性、随机研究来探讨长期格列美脲治疗对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗和胰岛功能的影响。方法将69例初诊断2型糖尿病患者随机分为两组,均给予饮食、运动和二甲双胍基础治疗。治疗组加用格列美脲(37例),对照组加用瑞格列奈(32例),治疗时间2年。入组时和治疗结束时行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)测定空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后2 h胰岛素(2hINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)等指标;测量体重、身高。计算体质指数(BMI)、HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、HOMA胰岛细胞功能(HOMA-β)指数。结果治疗后两组的BMI、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR均较治疗前下降(P均<0.01),TC、TG较治疗前下降(P均<0.05),FINS、2hINS、HOMA-β均较治疗前升高(P均<0.01);对照组2hINS较治疗组升高明显(P<0.01),治疗组HOMA-β升高较对照组明显(P<0.05)。结论格列美脲联合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病的疗效不差于瑞格列奈联合二甲双胍,格列美脲长期治疗能改善患者胰岛功能、减轻胰岛素抵抗。     

胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的 探讨胰岛素联合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病(T2DM)的临床疗效.方法 将98例T2DM患者分成单用胰岛素组和胰岛素联合二甲双胍组,经治疗12周后比较两组治疗前、后糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2 h PG)、体质量指数(BMI)以及胰岛β细胞的功能(HOMA-β)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的变化,同时观察两组不良反应的发生情况.结果 与治疗前比较,两组HbA1c、FPG、2hPG和HOMA-IR水平均明显降低,HOMA-β水平则显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);同时联合治疗组较单纯胰岛素治疗更能有效改善T2DM患者的HOMA-β及减轻胰岛素抵抗,减少不良反应的发生.结论 胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗T2DM患者可更有效的控制血糖,减轻体质量,改善HOMA-β及减轻胰岛素抵抗.     

格列美脲联合二甲双胍治疗经胰岛素强化治疗后2型糖尿病患者的效果

目的:观察格列美脲联合二甲双胍治疗经胰岛素强化治疗后2型糖尿病患者的效果。方法:选取90例经胰岛素强化治疗后2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各45例。对照组口服格列美脲治疗,观察组在对照组基础上口服二甲双胍治疗,比较两组胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和体质量指数(BMI)水平,以及不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,两组HbA1c、BMI水平均低于治疗前,HOMA-β、ISI水平均高于治疗前,且观察组HOMA-β、ISI水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:格列美脲联合二甲双胍治疗经胰岛素强化治疗后2型糖尿病患者可提高HOMA-β和ISI水平,效果优于单纯格列美脲治疗效果。     

磷酸西格列汀联合二甲双胍对T2DM伴轻度肥胖患者胰岛β细胞功能及脂代谢的影响

目的 探讨磷酸西格列汀联合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴轻度肥胖患者的临床效果及对患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法 纳入我院2018年7月—2022年4月收治的184例T2DM伴轻度肥胖患者,采用随机数字表法分为A组(61例,二甲双胍治疗)、B组(61例,西格列汀治疗)和C组(62例,二甲双胍与西格列汀联合治疗),3组疗程均为3个月,比较3组治疗后血糖、血脂、脂肪因子、胰岛β细胞功能等指标变化以及不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后3组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)以及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)均明显降低(P<0.05),且C组FBG、2hPG、HbA1c、TG、TC及LDL-C低于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);3组空腹胰岛素(FIns)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)明显升高,稳态模型胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)明显降低(均P<0.05),且A组FIns低于B组和C组,C组HOMA-β高于A组和B组,HOMA-IR低于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.0...     

二甲双胍联合瑞格列奈治疗老年2型糖尿病患者的临床观察

目的 观察二甲双胍联合瑞格列奈在治疗新诊断的老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中的疗效及安全性.方法 选择HbA1c≥8.5％的新诊断老年T2DM患者68例,给予二甲双胍联合瑞格列奈治疗12周,比较治疗前后空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白A1c( GHbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA - IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、血脂、体重指数及低血糖发生情况.结果 治疗后,FBG、2hPG、HbA1c、TG、LDLD -C、HOMA - IR、HOMA-β显著降低(P ＜0.05);HOMA -β显著增高(P＜0.05);体重无明显差异.治疗中低血糖发生率低,无严重低血糖事件发生.结论 二甲双胍联合瑞格列奈治疗可明显改善新诊断老年T2DM患者糖脂代谢,且安全性好.     

利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病临床疗效和安全性评估

目的评估利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的临床疗效及安全性。方法将80例T2DM患者采用随机数字表分为两组:利拉鲁肽组应用利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗(40例)和甘精胰岛素组应用甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗(40例)。治疗12周,观察两组患者治疗前后空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平,计算胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),以及体质指数(BMI)和低血糖发生情况等。结果治疗后两组患者FBG、2 h PG和Hb A1c与治疗前相比均显著降低(P<0.01),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后HOMA-β较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),HOMA-IR明显降低(P<0.01),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后利拉鲁肽组的BMI明显降低,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且低血糖发生率较低。结论利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗T2DM具有良好的临床疗效和安全性,能够明显改善患者胰岛β细胞功能,比甘精胰岛素更能有效地降低患者增加的体质量。     

罗格列酮和二甲双胍治疗初诊2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的比较罗格列酮和二甲双胍对初诊2型糖尿病(DM)的疗效。方法60例2型DM患者随机分为罗格列酮组(30例)和二甲双胍组(30例),观察治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)的变化。结果治疗12周后,罗格列酮组与二甲双胍组FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、Fins、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均明显下降,胰岛β细胞功能(HOMA-β)明显改善,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论罗格列酮与二甲双胍均能显著降低初发2型糖尿病患者血糖并改善胰岛素敏感性。     

罗格列酮联合预混胰岛素治疗初诊2型糖尿病的疗效

目的 探讨罗格列酮联合预混胰岛素治疗空腹血糖较高的初诊2型糖尿病的疗效和意义.方法 应用罗格列酮联合预混胰岛素治疗31例初诊2型糖尿病,另设33例初诊糖尿病为对照组,口服降糖药物二甲双胍 瑞格列那或加用α-糖苷酶抑制剂(拜糖苹)等治疗.比较治疗前后的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛β细胞功能(HOMA-β)和胰岛素敏感性(HOMA-IR)等指标的变化.结果 两组治疗前后HbA1c均有明显下降,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但治疗后两组之间HbA1c比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).两组治疗后HOMA-β指数较治疗前均增高(P＜0.05),而HOMA-IR较治疗前下降(P＜0.01).罗格列酮组治疗前后的HOMA-β和HOMA-IR差异较对照组显著(P＜0.05).结论 罗格列酮联合预混胰岛素应用是治疗初诊2型糖尿病的理想方案之一.     

瑞格列奈联合甘精胰岛素治疗血糖水平控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者的效果

目的 探讨瑞格列奈联合甘精胰岛素治疗单用二甲双胍血糖水平控制不佳的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床效果。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年12月收治于郑州市第六人民医院的单用二甲双胍血糖水平控制不佳的68例T2DM患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方式分为观察组(35例)和对照组(33例),两组患者继续二甲双胍口服治疗,对照组接受甘精胰岛素治疗,观察组接受甘精胰岛素联合瑞格列奈治疗,均连续治疗12周。检测两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等血糖指标,以及空腹C肽、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)等胰岛β细胞功能指标,并记录不良反应情况。结果 治疗12周时,两组患者FBG、2 h PG、MAGE和HbA1c均较治疗前降低,并且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗12周时,两组患者HOMA-IR较治疗前降低,而空腹C肽和HOMA-β均较治疗前升高,并且观察组上述胰岛β细胞功能指标的变化幅度均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者在治疗期间消化道症状、低血糖和皮肤过敏...     

加用沙格列汀对二甲双胍控制不佳2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢及胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的观察沙格列汀对二甲双胍控制不佳2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢及胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法选取2012-04—2015-12间鹤壁煤业集团有限公司总医院内分泌科门诊64例单独使用二甲双胍控制不佳2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组32例,对照组患者单独给予二甲双胍治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用沙格列汀治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINs)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果两组患者FPG、2h PG、Hb A1c、FINs、HOMA-β、HOMA-IR较治疗前明显改善,且观察组患者改善程度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论用沙格列汀治疗二甲双胍控制不佳2型糖尿病患者,在改善患者糖脂代谢和提高胰岛β细胞功能上明显优于单用二甲双胍治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.