PCR及Real-time PCR评价细菌DNA提取方法

目的:比较几种不同的细菌DNA提取方法,建立一种适于PCR和Real-time PCR的细菌DNA提取方法.方法:分别用蛋白酶K法、碱裂解法、Chelex-100 NP40、Chelex-100 TritonX-100法和水煮法提取同种浓度大肠杆菌DNA,测定OD260/280;用不同方法提取不同浓度的大肠杆菌DNA,进行PCR和实时荧光定量PCR扩增,比较灵敏度.结果:5种方法提取细菌DNA,其中Chelex-100 NP40 法纯度(OD260/280=1.79±0.03)最高,此方法所提取的DNA产物进行PCR及Real-time PCR扩增未见假阳性及假阴性,其灵敏度为10个/ml细菌浓度.结论:Chelex-100 NP40的细菌DNA提取方法纯度及灵敏度高,且适应于PCR及Real-time PCR.     

经典酚/氯仿抽提法和纯化试剂盒法提取全血基因组DNA的比较

目的 比较经典酚/氯仿法和纯化试剂盒法抽提全血基因组DNA的差异.方法 分别对两种方法抽提的全血DNA产物进行紫外分光光度仪、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和体外聚合酶链锁反应（PCR）扩增.结果 两种方法DNA的提取效率相似,TaKaBa试剂盒法提取的纯度[光密度（OD）260nm/280nm]较常规酚/氯仿法明显提高.结论 TaKaBa试剂盒法较传统酚/氯仿提取基因组DNA法快速、简便、经济,可用于PCR模板DNA的制备.     

人非抗凝血块中基因组DNA提取不同方法的比较

目的:比较三种不同方法提取人非抗凝血块基因组DNA的效果差异。方法:分别采用酚/氯仿法,天根试剂盒,Invitrigen purelinkTM试剂盒提取冻存时间较长的非抗凝血块基因组DNA,测定浓度、OD260/280值,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测提取的DNA浓度和纯度,测定PCR产物灰度值。结果:三种方法都可以提取出基因组DNA,测定DNA浓度分别为:(35.56±15.27)ng/μL,(45.13±16.54)ng/μL,(57.93±14.5)ng/μL,组间存在统计学差异(P<0.01),A260/A280值分别为:1.46±0.19,1.49±0.16,1.519±0.23,三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三种方法提取的基因组DNA都能通过PCR扩增出目的条带,PCR产物电泳灰度值结果分别为:75.421±3.435,149.32±6.875和229.52±19.55,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:三种不同方法都能提取出冻存时间较长的非抗凝血块基因组DNA,但Invitrigen purelinkTM试剂盒法效果最好。     

不同方法提取石蜡包埋组织DNA的比较分析

目的:比较福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织(FFPET)中3种提取DNA的方法对DNA质量和回收率的影响,探讨一种高效、简便、实用的石蜡组织中DNA提取方法. 方法:选取新疆医科大学第一附属医院2004～2007年手术切除的10%甲醛固定石蜡包埋甲状腺癌组织标本,分别以试剂盒法、改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法、改良TES水浴脱蜡-试剂盒法提取其DNA,然后进行电泳分析. 结果:改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿提纯DNA法所得样本DNA的OD260/OD280比值为(1.82±0.15),改良TES水浴脱蜡-试剂盒提纯DNA法为(1.86±0.17),两者比较无明显差异(P>0.05);分别与试剂盒法(1.75±0.14)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).改良TES水浴脱蜡-试剂盒提纯DNA法、改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿提纯DNA法所得 DNA产量和质量均高于试剂盒法. 结论:改良TES水浴脱蜡-试剂盒提纯法简单快捷,是较理想的石蜡包埋组织DNA提纯方法.     

痰中结核分枝杆菌DNA提取方法的比较及在LAMP检测中的应用

目的:对5种DNA提取方法进行比对,为选择适用于痰中结核分枝杆菌DNA的提取方法提供依据。方法:采用PureLink genomic DNA kits(PLKm)、苯酚与氯仿法(PCm)、Chelex-100法(Cm)、磷酸盐缓冲液法(PBm)及硅珠法(SBm)5种方法提取痰标本中的DNA,对提取产物的浓度、纯度等技术指标进行分析,并对核酸扩增结果进行统计。结果:DNA浓度均值由高到低依次是PBm、Cm、PCm、SBm、PLKm,组间比较差异有统计学意义,两两比较发现PLKm与PCm、Cm、PBm之间差异有统计学意义,但Cm与SBm间的比较有统计学意义;5种提取方法的OD260:OD280比值均值与1.8的接近程度依次是PLKm、PCm、Cm、PBm、SBm,组间比较差异有统计学意义,两两比较发现除SBm与另外4种方法间存的差异具有统计学意义外,其余各组间的比较均无统计学意义;采用PLKm、PCm及Cm提取的产物均扩增出阳性结果,而PBm、SBm提取产物分别有18例和11例未获得阳性结果,经Mc-Nemar x2检验方法间的差异有统计学意义。结论:Chelex-100提取痰标本中结核分枝杆菌DNA是一种简便、省时、廉价适用于基层结核病实验室进行核酸检测的方法。     

Chelex-100法提取真核表达质粒pcDNA3-HERG的应用体会

目的探讨Chelex-100法提取先天性长QT综合征相关人类真核表达质粒pcDNA3-HERG的可行性。方法分别用Chelex-100法和碱裂解法提取pcDNA3-HERG质粒,将环状质性DNA酶切为线性,0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后紫外灯下检测质粒提取的有效性。结果用Chelex-100法和碱裂解法提取的pcDNA3-HERG质粒的OD(A260/A280)比较差异无统计学意义[分别为(1.8±0.6),(1.9±0.4),P0.05],经0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后紫外灯下检测均有特定的清晰条带。结论两种方法均能提取纯度较高的大肠杆菌质粒DNA,Chelex-100法简便、省时,值得推广。     

提取陈旧血液标本中DNA的三种方法比较

目的寻找适合从陈旧全血中提取基因组DNA建立基因组库的方法。方法分别用改良的酚-氯仿法、SDS法、试剂盒法从陈旧全血中提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）对提取的基因组DNA进行评估。结果提取的基因组DNA经统计学分析,3种提取基因组DNA的方法之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,以改良的酚-氯仿法提取的基因组DNA效率最高,试剂盒法次之,SDS法较差。结论建基因组库推荐改良的酚-氯仿法。     

两种获取牙龈卟啉单胞菌基因组DNA方法比较

目的：筛选方便、快捷、有效地获取细菌基因组DNA的方法。方法：采用UNIQ-10柱式细菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒法和Chelex-100法获取患者龈下菌斑DNA，比较作为PCR扩增模板检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染位点的检出率差异，并对2种方法进行比较。结果：试剂盒法与Chelex-100法对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的感染位点检出率差异无统计学意义，但Chelex-100法提取DNA更简单、快速。结论：Chelex-100法抽提细菌基因组DNA适用于对大样本牙周炎患者作细菌学检测分析。     

四种微量石蜡组织DNA提取方法的比较

目的:探讨从微量福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织(formalinfixation and paraffin embeddedtissues,FFPET)中提取DNA的简单而高效的方法。方法:采用Chelex-100提取法、酚氯仿抽提法、单纯消化法、水煮法4种方法提取组织DNA;应用聚合酶链反应扩增100~500bp长度DNA片段,然后进行电泳分析,1年后重复PCR电泳分析。结果:小于200bp长度DNA片段扩增,Chelex-100提取法、单纯消化法阳性率分别为88.8%、78.8%,明显优于酚氯仿抽提法(15.0%)(P<0.01)及水煮法(21.3%)(P<0.01)。随着扩增长度的增加,PCR扩增效率逐渐降低,Chelex-100提取法PCR反应总阳性率为82.5%,单纯消化法为66.5%,水煮法为13.4%,酚氯仿抽提法为13.4%。1年后重复PCR总阳性率分别为80.1%、31.7%、2.5%、9.2%。结论:Chelex-100提取法方便简单,适用于微量石蜡组织DNA扩增分析;单纯消化法及水煮法在一定条件下适用于微量石蜡组织短片段DNA的扩增。     

嗜麦芽黄单胞菌基因组DNA快速提取方法

目的　建立一种快速简便提取嗜麦芽黄单胞菌 (X anthomonas maltophilia)基因组 DNA的方法。方法　用去污剂 SDS和 CTAB破坏细胞膜结构 ,使胞内核酸释放 ,用酚 /氯仿 /异戊醇去除蛋白质 ,异丙醇沉淀DNA,TE溶解 DNA。结果　提取的 DNA琼脂糖电泳图谱与 Hauben及 Dufresne方法提取的 DNA图谱相同 ,DNA含量为 34 2～ 388μg/ m l,OD2 60 / OD2 80 为 1.88～ 1.90。 DNA能被 Eco R 酶切消化。结论　本方法能快速简便提取 X.maltophilia DNA,提取的 DNA含量较高、纯度较好 ,可用于酶切分析、构建文库及 PCR操作。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.