自体干细胞激活疗法对2型糖尿病大鼠细胞膜胰岛素受体的影响

【目的】探讨自体干细胞激活疗法对2型糖尿病（T2DM ）大鼠的降糖作用和对红细胞膜胰岛素受体数目及亲和力的影响。【方法】将实验大鼠分为健康对照组（NC组）,糖尿病对照组（DC组）,干细胞激活疗法治疗组（M I组）,MI组给予rhG-CSF 3μg/（kg · d）隔日一次皮下注射,给予rhG-CSF d2开始每日行促肝细胞生长素3 mg/（kg · d）腹腔注射及烟酰胺100 mg/（kg · d）灌胃,连续28 d;NC组和DC组大鼠给予同体积生理盐水隔日一次皮下注射, d2开始每日给予同体积5％葡萄糖加中和量胰岛素腹腔注射、高压灭菌水灌胃,持续4周。实验结束后测定各组大鼠空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、红细胞膜胰岛素受体数目和亲和力。【结果】造模后,与NC组对比,DC组、M I组大鼠空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）显著升高（ P＜0．01）;MI组较DC组血糖值下降33．95％,HOMA-IR显著降低（ P＜0．05）;DC组红细胞膜胰岛素受体数目较 NC组显著降低（ P＜0．05）,MI组较DC组显著升高（ P＜0．05）,三组间红细胞膜胰岛素受体亲和力无显著差异（ P＞0．05）。【结论】rh-CSF联合促肝细胞生长素和烟酰胺治疗可降低T2DM大鼠高血糖,并改善其胰岛素抵抗作用,其机制可能与提高细胞膜胰岛素受体数目相关。     

益气增敏方对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌组织葡萄糖转运蛋白4表达的影响

目的：研究益气增敏方对高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）诱导的2型糖尿病（type2diabetes mellitus,T2DM）大鼠骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白4（glucose transporter4,GLUT4）表达的影响。方法：采用高脂饮食联合STZ诱导T2DM建立大鼠模型。健康雄性SD大鼠55只,随机分为对照组（10只）和高脂饲料组（45只）,4周后高脂饲料组大鼠腹腔注射STZ（35mg/kg体质量）,血糖≥16.67mmol/L者造模成功。将造模成功大鼠随机分为模型组、益气增敏方治疗组、罗格列酮治疗组和氯沙坦治疗组,每组10只。连续灌胃给药8周后,应用蛋白质印迹法检测骨骼肌组织胞浆及胞膜GLUT4蛋白的表达。结果：治疗8周后,与模型组相比,益气增敏方组大鼠GLUT4在胞膜的表达明显增多,在胞浆的表达明显减少（P〈0.05）;罗格列酮组大鼠GLUT4在胞膜的表达明显增多,在胞浆的表达明显减少（P〈0.01）;氯沙坦组大鼠GLUT4在胞膜和胞浆的表达无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论：益气增敏方可促进骨骼肌组织GLUT4由胞浆转位至胞膜,有效改善T2DM大鼠的胰岛素抵抗,这一作用与罗格列酮相似。     

祛胰抵方对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜葡萄糖转运蛋白4的影响

目的 观察不同浓度祛胰抵方对胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌细胞上葡萄糖转运蛋白-4(GLUT-4)表达的影响并探讨其发生的可能机制.方法 健康的雄性Wistar大鼠80只,随机抽取10只作为正常对照组(NC),饲以普通饲料,其余以高脂饲料喂养4周后腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠的模型.将建模成功后大鼠随机分为糖尿病模型(DM)组,高、中、低浓度中药组以及迪化唐锭组.NC组与DM组给予生理盐水,各组均给药12周.应用葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4) ELISA试剂盒测定骨骼肌组织胞膜GLUT-4蛋白的含量.结果 与NC组比较,DM组大鼠的骨骼肌细胞中GLUT-4表达明显降低;与DM组比较,药物治疗组骨骼肌细胞中GLUT-4的表达明显增强.结论 祛胰抵方可能通过增强大鼠骨骼肌组织细胞中GLUT-4的表达以改善2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗.     

二氢杨梅素通过抑制骨骼肌TCPTP改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗

目的观察二氢杨梅素(DMY)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法将SD雄性大鼠随机分成正常对照组、2型糖尿病组、2型糖尿病DMY组、DMY对照组。高糖高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素造模。16周末,大鼠称重后测定空腹血糖(FBG)和血胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI),Western blot检测大鼠骨骼肌T细胞蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(TCPTP)、蛋白质丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶(Akt)及磷酸化蛋白质丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶(p-Akt)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)及磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(p-PI3K)、葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)的表达。结果成功建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型。与正常对照组比较,2型糖尿病组大鼠体质量、ISI及p-Akt、p-PI3K、GLUT4的表达水平显著降低,FBG、FINS及TCPTP表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05);与2型糖尿病组比较,2型糖尿病DMY组大鼠体质量、ISI及p-Akt、p-PI3K、GLUT4的表达水平显著升高,FBG、FINS及TCPTP表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05),DMY对正常大鼠上述指标无显著影响。结论二氢杨梅素可能通过抑制骨骼肌TCPTP的表达从而改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗。     

葡萄糖转运蛋白4在宫内发育迟缓大鼠骨骼肌中的表达和转位

目的研究宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素刺激下葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)表达和转位的变化,探讨IUGR个体发生胰岛素抵抗的分子机制。方法采用孕期全程低蛋白饮食法建立大鼠IUGR模型,检测18月龄IUGR子鼠骨骼肌胰岛素刺激下的2-D-3H葡萄糖的摄取,同时采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测胰岛素受体(IR)、胰岛素受体底物1(IRS-1)及葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)的m RNA和蛋白表达;用Western blot方法分别检测胰岛素刺激前后骨骼肌总/膜GLUT4的蛋白表达变化。结果 1与对照组相比,18月龄IUGR组大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素刺激后葡萄糖摄取率显著降低(P=0.035);2IR和IRS-1 m RNA和蛋白表达在两组大鼠骨骼肌中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但GLUT4 m RNA表达在IUGR组大鼠骨骼肌中显著下降(P=0.031);3基础状态时,两组大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4总蛋白表达无明显差异(P=0.967);IUGR组GLUT4膜蛋白表达略降低,但未及统计学意义(P=0.072);经胰岛素刺激后,两组大鼠骨骼肌与各自基础状态相比,GLUT4总蛋白变化不明显,GLUT4膜蛋白表达均较各自的基础状态显著增加,但IUGR大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4膜蛋白的上升程度显著低于对照组(P=0.001)。结论 IUGR老龄大鼠骨骼肌中GLUT4 m RNA表达降低以及胰岛素刺激下的GLUT4转位下降,可能降低对胰岛素的反应性,从而减少葡萄糖摄取,促进胰岛素抵抗发生。     

电针对 2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌 GLUT4表达影响的研究

[目的] 观察电针对 2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运蛋白 4(glucose transporter 4,GLUT4)表达的影响,探讨电针调节血糖的机制。[方法] 将 24只 2型糖尿病大鼠随机分为空白对照组、运动干预组及电针组,每组 8只,运动干预组大鼠给予 2周跑台运动干预;空白对照组大鼠不给予任何干预;电针组大鼠开始将电针置于大鼠双侧足三里穴,进行连续波穴位刺激 2周。分别检测各组大鼠治疗前后空腹血糖水平、胰岛素抵抗指数及治疗后大鼠骨骼肌细胞 GLUT4水平。[结果] 与干预前比较,运动干预组和电针组空腹血糖水平显著下降(P<0.001,P=0.028)胰岛素抵抗指数显著下降(P<0.001,P<0.001)。干预后组间比较,三组大鼠空腹血糖水平及胰岛素抵抗指数差异均有统计学意P<0.001)GLUT4表达水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。[结论] 电针刺激能改善 2型糖尿病大鼠的胰岛素敏感性,并降低其血糖水平,其中调节骨骼肌细胞 GLUT4水平可能是其调节血糖的一个重要机制。     

余甘子对胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌PKB表达和GLUT4 mRNA表达的影响

目的：观察余甘子提取物对胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌PKB表达和GLUT4 mRNA表达的影响.方法：SD大鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组10只,给予基础饲料;模型组20只,给予高脂饲料.模型组大鼠给予高脂喂养6wk后,随机分为2亚组：胰岛抵抗组,继续高脂饮食;余甘子组：给予高脂饲料同时进行2mL剂量3.5g/kg余甘子提取物灌胃.干预6wk后,分别检测3组大鼠骨骼肌PKB表达和GLUT4 mRNA表达的差异.结果：高脂饮食成功诱导了胰岛素抵抗,余甘子提取物显著改善了胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗组大鼠骨骼肌PKB表达和GLUT4 mRNA表达显著低于安静对照组和余甘子组,余甘子组与安静对照组相比无显著差异.结论：余甘子提取物明显改善胰岛素抵抗,可能与其提高大鼠骨骼肌PKB表达和GLUT4 mRNA表达有关.     

蓬灰对糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4 mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨蓬灰对糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)mRNA表达的影响。方法:将高脂高热卡饲料喂养的SD大鼠一次性腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)(35mg/kg体重)制作糖尿病模型。成模后将大鼠随机分为糖尿病组、蓬灰高、中、低剂量组。高、中、低剂量组分别给予蓬灰150,100,50mg/kg灌胃,正常对照组及糖尿病组则给予等量生理盐水灌胃。灌胃8周后,应用免疫组化SABC法检测各组大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4mRNA表达情况,检测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛β细胞功能(HOMA-β)、胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-ISI)水平等。结果:与正常对照组比较,糖尿病组,低、中、高剂量蓬灰组FBG、FINS明显升高,体重、HOMA-β、骨骼肌GLUT4mRNA表达明显减低(P<0.05);与糖尿病组比较,高剂量蓬灰组FBG、FINS明显升高,体重、HOMA-β、HOMA-ISI、骨骼肌GLUT4mRNA表达显著减低(P<0.05);与糖尿病组比较,中、低剂量蓬灰组体重、FINS、HOMA-ISI、骨骼肌GLUT4mRNA表达差别无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:蓬灰可降低糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌组织GLUT4mRNA表达水平,降低胰岛素敏感性和胰岛β细胞功能,加重胰岛素抵抗,使血糖波动明显。     

沙格列汀通过miR-15a-5p/INSR轴缓解糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的机制研究

目的 探讨沙格列汀通过miR-15a-5p/胰岛素受体(INSR)轴缓解2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的机制.方法 以INSR为常用转录本ENST00000341500为输入,分别获取TargetScan、miRDB和miRWalk数据库中可能靶向INSR的miRNA并取交集.随后荧光素酶实验验证靶向关系.构建胰岛素抵抗2型糖尿病(IR-T2DM)模型.随后对IR-T2DM大鼠进行阴性对照、miR-15a-5p mimic、miR-15a-5p inhibitor转染或沙格列汀处理,8周后处死大鼠获取股四头肌及外周血.对各组大鼠血压、血糖、脂代谢相关指标进行测定,同时测定稳态模型评估(HOMA)胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)和胰岛素敏感指数(ISI).定量-PCR检测各组大鼠骨骼肌中交集miRNA、INSR、IRS-1 和 GLUT4 mRNA 的表达.Western blot检测各组大鼠骨骼肌中INSR、p-IRS-1和GLUT4蛋白表达.结果 miR-15a-5p被选定为INSR的靶向miRNA.与阴性对照组相比,IR-T2DM大鼠经miR-15a-5p inhibitor或沙格列汀处理后骨骼肌中INSR、IRS-1和GLUT4表达、外周血中HDL-C浓度、BW、ISI升高(均P＜0.05),但外周血中糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度、收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)和IRI在上述组中降低(均P＜0.05).上述指标的趋势在miR-15a-5p mimic组中与miR-15a-5p inhibitor及沙格列汀组完全相反(均P＜0.05).此外,与沙格列汀或miR-15a-5p inhibitor单独处理比较,两者联合处理能更有效地缓解糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗(均P＜0.05).结论 沙格列汀能通过下调miR-15a-5p来上调INSR表达从而缓解糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对自发性2型糖尿病GK大鼠的胰岛素抵抗的影响及作用机制.方法 自发性2型糖尿病GK大鼠40只,同系健康对照Wistar大鼠10只,大鼠随机分为:正常对照组、2型糖尿病对照组、2型糖尿病低剂量EGCG( 50 mg/kg)治疗组、中剂量(100 mg/kg)组、高剂量EGCG( 300 mg/kg)组.干预6周后,分别检测葡萄糖耐量试验、胰岛素耐受试验、肝脏GcK、G6P以及PEPCKmRNA表达情况,以及骨骼肌细胞膜GLUT4含量的变化.结果 各剂量治疗组的糖耐量均得到明显改善(P＜0.05),胰岛素耐量在240 min时较模型对照组有明显差异(P＜0.05).与模型组比较,低剂量和中剂量治疗组均能提高肝脏葡萄糖激酶(GcK) mRNA的表达(P＜0.05),同时抑制葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6P)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶(PEPCK) mRNA的表达(P＜0.05);高剂量治疗组肝脏三类酶mRNA的表达与模型对照组相比无明显差异.各剂量治疗组GK大鼠的骨骼肌细胞膜GLUT4的含量较模型对照组均具有明显上调(P＜0.05).结论 中低剂量EGCG可以改善GK大鼠胰岛素抵抗,其作用机制可能与抑制肝脏糖异生作用以及骨骼肌GLUT4的转位水平有关,并且EGCG具有代偿胰岛素的作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.