SITA-Fast与Full Threshold两种视野检查程序在开角型青光眼中的应用探讨

目的:评价SITA鄄FAST视野阈值程序在开角型青光眼检查及视功能评价中的应用价值。方法:采用Humphery视野(POAG)计的SF程序与FT程序对正常人、早、中晚期开角型青光眼POAG患者及可疑患者进行检查,将两种检查时间、图形、视野指数(MD、PSD)及视野缺损点数进行比较和分析。结果:①SF程序检查时间仅为FT程序的1/3,P<0.01;②可疑POAG组中SF程序所得MD值、PSD值及早期POAG组中SF程序所得MD值均比FT程序低,P<0.01;③在正常组、POAG组中二种程序所得视野指数具有明显的正相关性,在可疑POAG组中不具有明显的相关性。结论:在青光眼筛查、POAG患者的视野检查中SF程序可取代FT程序,在可疑POAG患者的诊断中最好采用FT程序。     

失眠、抑郁及焦虑心理状况与原发性开角型青光眼的相关性

 目的     评价失眠、抑郁及焦虑心理状况与原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma, POAG)的相关性。方法  2014年1月至2015年1月搜集120例POAG患者及120例正常对照。两组对象进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)及焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)测评,对两组得分进行比较。同时,对POAG组中3种量表得分进行相关性分析及性别分析。结果  POAG 组的失眠、抑郁与焦虑得分 ( 7.43±0.35,45.42±9.87,49.61±12.24)明显高于正常对照组(4.16±0.28, 35.49±9.18,40.31±13.08)(P=0.000)。把PSQI总分>7分、SAS得分≥45、SDS 得分≥50 作为界值,POAG组失眠、抑郁和焦虑症状阳性率分别为54.2%、53.3%和50.0%,明显高于对照组(17.5%,25.8%,21.7%),差异组有统计学意义(P<0.05)。POAG患者失眠与焦虑评分呈正相关(r= 0.243,P<0.01),抑郁和焦虑评分呈正相关(r =0.516,P<0.01),而抑郁与失眠之间无相关性(r =-0.002,P=0.979)。POAG患者中女性较男性更容易失眠,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.38,P<0.05)。结论  POAG患者的失眠、抑郁与焦虑情绪可能与青光眼的发生发展具有一定的相关性。     

频域光学相干断层扫描检测青光眼黄斑区节细胞复合体厚度的临床研究

目的:探讨黄斑区神经节细胞复合体(GCC)厚度在正常眼压性青光眼(NTG)与原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)人群中的分布特征。方法:采用频域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)对NTG患者81例81眼、POAG患者125例125眼及年龄、性别、屈光度相匹配的正常对照者56例56眼黄斑区视网膜、视盘进行扫描,分析计算出黄斑区整体上方GCC厚度(GCC-Sup)、下方GCC厚度(GCC-Inf)、平均GCC厚度(GCC-Avg)、视盘旁上方视网膜神经纤维层厚度(RNFL-Sup)、下方RNFL厚度(RNFL-Inf)及平均RNFL厚度(RNFL-Avg),Zeiss Humphrey 750型视野计检测各组中心30°视野平均缺损(MD)值,比较3组患者GCC、RNFL及MD参数的差异,并分析GCC厚度值、RNFL厚度值与MD值的相关性。结果:POAG组及NTG组的GCC-Avg、GCC-Sup、GCC-Inf、RNFL-Avg、RNFL-Sup、RNFL-Inf值及视野MD值均低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有研究对象GCC-Sup、GCC-Inf、GCC-Avg值与对应区域RNFL厚度值均呈显著正相关(r=0.675、0.669、0.698,P<0.01)。RNFL-Avg值与视野MD值呈显著正相关(r=0.741,P<0.01),GCC-Avg与视野MD值亦呈显著正相关(r=0.613,P<0.01)。结论:频域OCT能定量检测黄斑区GCC厚度,并与RNFL和视野损害有较好的相关性,可为青光眼的诊治提供重要依据。     

高眼压治疗研究中发生原发性开角型青光眼的基线危险因素研究

在高眼压治疗研究中发现,较高的基线图形标准差(PSD)和较大的垂直杯盘比(VC/D)是发生原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)的预测因素。由于PSD和VC/D的早期变化可能提示存在早期POAG损害,因此本研究排除PSD和VC/D两个因素后重新进行预测模型分析,重新研究原发性开角型青光眼的基线危险因素。通过多因素Cox比例风险模型,比较纳入和排除PSD和VC/D的POAG预测性危险因素的风险比值。结果显示,纳入和排除PSD和VC/D对高眼压治疗研究中POAG预测性危险因素的风险比值无明显影响。无论PSD和VC/D是否被纳入Cox比例风险模型,基础危险因素都…     

原发性开角型青光眼OCT评估视网膜神经纤维层厚度与视盘参数的关系

目的:使用光学相干断层成像术(OCT)评估原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)各个病程时期的视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)与视盘参数的差异,从而探讨青光眼RNFL厚度的变化与盘沿面积和杯盘面积比(C/D AR)之间的关系,确定OCT检测参数对青光眼病程变化的参考意义。方法:应用OCT检查技术分别对40例(60只眼)的POAG患者的RNFL及视盘进行检测。数据包括颞侧(TEMP)、上方(SUP)、鼻侧(NAS)、下方(INF)RNFL厚度以及平均RNFL厚度与盘沿面积和C/D AR。按青光眼诊断标准和视野分期法分为早期、中期和晚期3组。比较和分析3组的RNFL变化趋势以及与视盘参数的相关性。结果:青光眼早期、中期和晚期3组之间RNFL和视盘参数的比较具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。RNFL平均厚度与盘沿面积有正相关性,r=0.719,P<0.01;与C/D AR有负相关性,r=-0.712,P<0.01。结论:POAG各个时期中RNFL厚度逐渐变薄,同时盘沿面积减少和C/D AR扩大。盘沿面积占影响RNFL厚度的因素比重较大,比C/D AR更能反映RNFL的变化。青光眼的病程发展能通过RNFL的减少变化来反映。OCT的客观检查所得的各项参数也对原发性青光眼的病情发展的评估具有一定的意义。     

7原发性开角型青光眼合并2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的改变

目的 探讨原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)的变化.方法 测定POAG合并T2DM患者47例(A组),单纯POAG患者53例(B组),正常对照组40例(C组)血浆中的ET-1、NO水平,并检测POAG患者的平均光敏感度,将其与相应的NO、ET-1进行相关性分析.结果 A组、B组与C组比较,NO水平明显降低,ET-1水平明显升高;A组与B组比较,NO水平明显降低,ET-1水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).POAG的平均光敏感度与ET-1呈负相关(r=-0.524,P＜0.05),与NO呈正相关(r=0.532,P＜0.05),ET-1与NO呈负相关(r=-0.468,P＜0.05).结论 POAG并发T2DM患者血浆ET-1、NO的变化可能参与了本病的发病过程,可作为判断病情程度及疗效评价的指标.     

Cirrus HD-OCT检测原发性开角型青光眼视乳头旁视网膜神经纤维层厚度与视野平均缺损相关性分析

目的探讨Cirrus HD-OCT测量原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)视盘旁视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度与视野缺损的相关性。方法选择2010年5月~2013年12月于中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院确诊的POAG患者62例(80眼)及视力正常人30例(40眼,正常组),POAG患者分为早期POAG组(28例,34眼)、进展期POAG组(22例,26眼)和晚期POAG组(12例,20眼),采用频域Cirrus HD-OCT和Synemed EP-930自动视野计对和POAG患者和正常组分别进行RNFL厚度和视野检测。频域Cirrus HD-OCT检测RNFL厚度采用optic disc cube 200×200模式。视野检测采用Synemed EP-930自动视野计30°-2程序。将各组患者全周平均RNFL厚度及视乳头周围4个象限(上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧)RNFL厚度进行比较;计算平均RNFL厚度和视野平均缺损的相关性。结果正常组、早期POAG组、进展期POAG组和晚期POAG组平均RNFL厚度分别为(101.10±9.80)、(94.32±14.05)、(82.73±15.21)、(64.57±14.73)μm,而不同阶段的青光眼患者全周平均RNFL厚度及视乳头周围4个象限(上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧)RNFL厚度均比正常人减少,差异均有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着青光眼病程的发展,RNFL厚度逐渐下降,而且平均RNFL厚度和视野平均缺损(MD)之间呈负相关(r=-0.659,P=0.000)。结论平均RNFL厚度和视野MD呈线性相关。Cirrus HD-OCT测量的RNFL厚度参数,能客观、定量分析POAG对RNFL损伤进展速度,有助于对青光眼的诊断和随访,从而为POAG患者得到更早的早期诊断和用药指导提供帮助。     

慢性闭角青光眼与开角青光眼的图形视诱发电位

采用图形视诱发电位(P—VEP)检查,以P_(100)潜伏期作为观察指标,探索P—VEP在慢性青光眼诊治中的意义。结果:慢性闭角青光眼与开角青光眼的P—VEP潜伏期阳性率无显著差异(P>0.50);青光眼损害轻时P—VEP阳性率低,损害重时P—VEP阳性率高(P<0.005);眼压随杯盘面积比增大而升高,两者成正相关关系(r(?)=0.8333);杯盘面积比与纵径比成正相关关系(r=0.9507),而杯盘面积比>0.2与杯盘纵径比>0.6之间,差异无显著性(P>0.10)。     

原发性开角型青光眼与正常眼HRT-Ⅱ视盘形态结构的对比研究

目的探讨Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪(HRT-Ⅱ)在原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)早期诊断中的意义。方法用HRT-Ⅱ对早期、进展期POAG30例(48眼)及正常人25例(50眼)的视盘进行断层扫描,获得视盘平均地形图像和视盘结构诸参数,将POAG视盘参数与视野平均缺损(MD)行相关性分析。结果POAG与正常人视盘结构各参数中视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、杯盘面积比、视杯容积、盘沿容积、平均视杯深度、最大视杯深度、轮廓线高度变化值、视杯形态测量、平均神经纤维层厚度存在明显差异,检测的视野平均缺损与HRT-Ⅱ视盘检测参数具有一致性。结论HRT-Ⅱ能够反映POAG视盘改变,与视野相关性好,为临床早期诊断POAG提供了依据。     

盘沿容积与盘沿面积比在原发性开角型青光眼诊断作用的研究

目的探讨盘沿容积与盘沿面积比在原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）诊断中的作用．方法选取38例（76眼）正常人和62例（84眼）POAG患者．将所有人选按年龄分段，每隔10年为一段，共3段（31-40岁．41．50岁，51．60岁），用HRT检测视盘，对两组的盘沿容积（RV）与盘沿面积（RA）比进行比较．并将3组POAG的RV／RA、RV、RA分别与平均视野缺损（MD）的关系作一比较．结果RV／RA正常组与青光眼每个年龄段两组间差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）；只有41-50岁POAG组RV／RA与MD呈正相关，其余年龄POAG组RV／RA及所有RV、RA与MD均无相关性．结论盘沿容积与盘沿面积比在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中是一敏感参数．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.