高原地区老年房间隔缺损介入封堵治疗疗效和安全性研究

目的：探讨高原地区经导管介入封堵治疗老年房间隔缺损（ASD）的有效性和安全性。方法：分析经导管封堵治疗的37例老年ASD患者的临床和介入治疗资料。结果：全组治疗成功率为90.1%,TTE测量ASD平均大小（24.7±6.1）mm,封堵器平均大小（28.2±8.6）mm,均采用国产封堵器。术后3个月平均肺动脉收缩压较术前下降明显（38.5±15.4）mmHg vs（57.2±14.8）mmHg,P〈0.05,右心房、右心室内径较术前减小。微少量残余分流3例,3个月后复查分流消失。并发症发生率10.8%,无死亡病例。随访（6-42）个月,封堵器无移位,心功能改善。结论：高原地区老年ASD患者有缺损大、肺动脉高压程度严重、合并症多的特点,严格掌握适应证,规范操作,积极治疗合并症,是成功封堵的关键。     

应用肌部室缺封堵器治疗超大型动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压的疗效

目的　探讨应用肌部室缺封堵器(AMVSDO)治疗合并肺动脉高压的大型动脉导管未闭(PDA)的效果。方法　1例成人巨大动脉导管未闭(直径17mm)合并重度肺动脉高压(肺动脉压力为117/72mmHg) ,应用Amplatzer肌部室缺封堵器进行封堵,封堵后行降主动脉造影,观察封堵效果。结果　先选用16mmAMVSDO进行封堵,效果不满意,后换用2 0mmAMVSDO ,封堵后即刻肺动脉压力由117/72 (95 )mmHg降为92/ 5 9(75 .5 )mmHg,降主动脉造影显示封堵器位置合适,存在微量渗透性残余分流,释放封堵器。结论　应用Amplatzer肌部室缺伞封堵合并严重肺动脉高压的大型PDA是一种有效可行的治疗方法,但其临床应用的适应证、安全性及远期效果尚待进一步研究     

50岁以上继发孔型房间隔缺损Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗的临床分析

目的评价经导管Amplatzer房间隔封堵器(ASO)治疗50岁以上继发孔房间隔缺损(ASD)的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析41例50岁以上ASD患者,与同期132例50岁以下ASD患者进行对照。两组术前均经胸超声心动图(TTE)筛查确定诊断,并评估右房右室内径和肺动脉收缩压,封堵前经食管超声(TEE)评价缺损大小和与周边组织关系。所有病例在透视及超声引导下经导管置入ASO堵闭ASD,并在术后3个月内随访超声检查。结果TEE测定ASD直径及球囊测定ASD伸展径两组无差异(P分别为0.22和0.07),但术前肺动脉收缩压50岁以上组较高(P<0.05)。两组中分别有40例(4041,97.5%)和127例(127132,96.2%)封堵成功。50岁以上组发生术中心脏压塞2例和术后心衰加重1例,50岁以下组发生封堵器脱落2例,前组患者在介入术中及随访早期更易发生缓慢性心律失常和房性心律失常(P分别为0.05和0.03)。两组术后心超随访示右房、右室内径分别由术前(46.6±8.9)mm、(49.1±10.2)mm和(40.9±9.5)mm、(42.2±8.6)mm缩小至(37.7±9.0)mm、(40.6±12.3)mm和(33.2±10.1)mm、(34.2±9.0)mm,肺动脉收缩压由术前(50.5±13.8)mmHg和(38.6±11.3)mmHg下降至(39.2±12.6)mmHg和(31.2±14.1)mmHg,均较术前有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论Amplatzer封堵器治疗50岁以上ASD患者的技术成功率与年轻患者相仿,短期疗效确切。但术中并发症相对较多,应规范操作程序。而封堵术后中远期效果尚需进一步随访。     

Amplatzer封堵器关闭动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压的临床应用

目的　评价Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)合并重度肺动脉高压的临床应用。方法　全组 5 1例 ,肺动脉收缩压 (84 .7± 13.5 ) (70～ 137)mmHg ,肺动脉平均压 (6 5 .0± 11.5 ) (4 2～ 97)mmHg ,PDA最窄处直径 (7.0± 2 .4 ) (3～ 15 )mm。封堵成功后监测肺动脉压力、主动脉压力和血氧饱和度变化 ,决定能否行永久封堵。结果　除 1例为阻力性肺动脉高压未能封堵外 ,其他 5 0例患者封堵均获成功。术后肺动脉收缩压降至 (4 6 .1± 14 .9) (2 4～ 10 9)mmHg ,肺动脉平均压降至 (31.3± 11.6 ) (14～ 6 9)mmHg。术后 10min降主动脉造影显示 30例 (6 0 % )封堵完全 ,无残余分流 ,2 0例 (4 0 % )存在微量～少量残余分流。 2 4h及 1个月后仅 1例存在少量残余分流 ,6个月后未见残余分流、再通及封堵器移位。结论　采用Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA合并重度肺动脉高压是一种安全有效的介入方法 ,近期及中期疗效好     

高海拔地区动脉导管未闭藏族患者介入治疗的疗效分析

 目的 探讨高海拔缺氧地区动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)藏族患者介入手术治疗效果.方法 9例来自西藏、生长环境均在海拔3500 m以上的藏区PDA患者.年龄3～21岁,平均(10 4±5 5)岁,入我院行超声心动图检查确诊后行介入治疗.其中合并轻度肺动脉高压( pulmonary hypertension,PH)1例,中度肺动脉高压1例,重度肺动脉高压2例.手术皆采用国产封堵器在降主动脉造影下行介入封堵.结果 除1例试封堵失败转外科外,余8例手术均取得成功.2例重度PH患者术前测肺动脉收缩压分别为78、83 mmHg,术后即刻测肺动脉收缩压降至16、48 mmHg,中度及轻度PH患者术后即刻肺动脉压均降至正常.术后2例出现一过性血小板减少症,2例存在少量残余分流,无严重肺部感染及封堵器脱落等严重并发症.结论 长期生活在高海拔低氧地区可逆性PH的PDA患者经导管介入封堵治疗安全有效.     

经导管封堵先天性继发孔型房间隔缺损

目的　探讨经导管封堵器先天性继发孔型房间隔缺损过程中缺损缘对封堵疗效的影响。方法　5 8例患者中男16例,女4 4例,年龄6～6 0 (平均2 9±14 )岁。术前经临床体检、X线胸片、多普勒与二维超声心动图检查确诊为先天性房间隔继发孔缺损。患者中包括双孔型缺损2例,合并明显肺动脉瓣狭窄及重症肺动脉高压者各1例。经胸超声心动图房间隔缺损直径5～36 ,平均(2 2 .2 9±7.0 6 )mm。另有2 5例加作了经食管超声心动图,平均缺损直径(2 2 .36±7.2 )mm。术前超声检测示房间隔缺损缘>5mm者2 2例(39% ) ;余36例患者缺损缘<5mm ,其中前缘短小或缺如者34例,后缘短小(3mm)1例,前缘短小(2mm)合并下缘缺如者1例。结果　除1例前缘短小同时合并下缘缺如者外,余5 7例封堵均获成功。应用封堵器直径8～4 2 (平均2 8.6 6±7.14 )mm。2例患者术后即刻心房水平有微量残余分流(2～4cm2 ) ,分别于术后1周和3月超声复查时消失。术后半年随访的34例患者右房、右室较术前均有显著缩小。1例合并肺动脉瓣狭窄的房缺患者经Inoue球囊对肺动脉瓣进行扩张后置入2 6mm封堵器。1例37岁女性患者曾在外院诊断为艾森曼格综合征;术前超声于房间隔中部可见以右向左为主的双向分流,但动脉血氧饱和度仍可达95 % ;术前主动脉压12 0 71mmHg ,肺动脉压     

肺动静脉畸形经导管封堵术的疗效评价

目的对肺动静脉畸形(AVM)经导管封堵术进行疗效评估。方法16例肺AVM患者接受经导管弹簧圈栓塞术治疗,其中5例同时辅以经导管可脱式球囊栓塞术或国产自制双伞形血管封堵器置入术治疗。对所有患者的家族史,术前和术后的临床表现,动脉血气分析以及其影像学表现等作了回顾性分析。16例患者术后平均随访(21±1)个月,根据其胸部CTA检查结果及动脉血气分析结果评估疗效,并对其术前和术后血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)进行统计学分析。结果16例首次经导管封堵治疗技术成功率75%(12/16),再次经导管封堵治疗技术成功率100%。16例患者术前SaO2平均值为(76±5)%,PaO2平均值为(46±3)mmHg;术后SaO2平均值上升为(94±5)%,PaO2平均值上升为(62±3)mmHg,与术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05)。术后随访,所有患者无症状复发,胸部CTA检查未发现明显血管再通。结论采用经导管弹簧圈栓塞术,或同时辅以经导管可脱式球囊栓塞术或国产自制双伞形血管封堵器置入术等治疗肺AVM,可获得满意的临床疗效。     

经导管封堵治疗成人动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压的疗效评价

目的评估经导管封堵治疗成人动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重度肺动脉高压(PH)的即刻和短期疗效。方法应用Amplatzer PDA封堵伞和国产封堵器对28例患者进行试封堵,术后1d、1、3和6个月复查X线胸片、心电图和超声心动图。结果20例封堵有效,释放封堵伞,8例封堵无效收回封堵伞。在20例有效封堵组中,PDA最窄直径为(10.4±2.7)mm,所选择的封堵伞肺动脉端直径为(15.6±3.2)mm。吸氧前后股动脉血氧饱和度分别为(93.5±1.8)%、(98.2±1.8)%(P<0.01)。封堵前后肺动脉收缩压分别为(95.5±24.1)、(56.3±18.3)mm Hg(1mm Hg=1.33kPa)(P<0.01);肺动脉平均压分别为(70.8±18.2)、(41.0±13.8)mm Hg(P<0.01)。6个月后复查超声心动图示左房、左室和主肺动脉直径明显缩小,仅1例例外;X线胸片示肺血有所减轻、心脏缩小,心胸比率从(59.2±6.6)%减少到(54.2±3.3)%(P<0.01)。8例放弃封堵者,4例临床可见明显分界性紫绀,封堵前后肺动脉收缩压分别为(110.3±13.9)、(139.5±20.0)mm Hg(P<0.01);主动脉收缩压分别为(116.0±20.2)、(106.3±16.9)mm Hg(P<0.05)。其余4例患者2例试封堵后残存大量分流,2例出现头晕和胸闷等症状。结论经导管封堵合并重度肺动脉高压的成人PDA是一种安全有效的理想方法。     

合并肺动脉高压动脉导管未闭试封堵治疗

目的　总结 2例合并肺动脉高压的PDA患者进行试封堵治疗未成功的经验教训。临床资料　例 1,女 ,16岁 ,心脏彩超提示动脉导管未闭长 8mm ,直径 13mm ,并考虑合并肺动脉高压 ,怀疑右向左分流。例 2 ,女 ,19岁 ,心脏彩超报告 :动脉导管未闭 ,长 6mm ,直径 12 .7mm ,并合并肺动脉高压。方法　常规完善术前准备 ,行左、右股静脉 ,左股动脉穿刺 ,用 6F端侧孔导管至肺动脉 ,右心室持续测压 ,6F猪尾导管至降主动脉造影并持续测压 ,根据造影结果选择封堵器。经输送系统送入封堵器对PDA进行试封堵并观察患者症状及肺动脉、右心室和主动脉内压力变化。结果　 2例PDA患者经主动脉弓造影得到确诊 ,PDA最窄径例 1直径 11.3mm ,例 2直径 11.7mm。压力测定如表 1(单位 :mmHg)两者均放弃介入封堵。 结论　对合并肺动脉高压 ,尤其是右向左分流不很明显的PDA患者可以行试封堵术。患者肺动脉压右心室压主动脉压例 1试封堵前S13 1D72S14 7D12S14 0D90试封堵后S15 7D82S167D15S80D41例 2试封堵前S110D60S10 8D17S13 5D...     

经导管同期封堵治疗膜周部室间隔缺损合并房间隔缺损

目的　探讨经导管介入同期治疗膜周部室间隔缺损 (VSD)合并房间隔缺损 (ASD)的可行性、方法及疗效。方法　 4例患者 ,年龄为 12～ 2 6岁。术前超声检查提示VSD合并ASD。VSD均为膜周部缺损 ,缺损直径 3～ 6mm ,缺损上缘距主动脉瓣 2～ 6mm。ASD均为继发孔型 ,缺损直径 5～ 8mm。4例患者均于术中先行左心室造影 ,确定VSD适合封堵后 ,先行VSD封堵 ,最后行ASD封堵。结果　 4例患者均经导管一次封堵治疗成功。左心室造影显示VSD呈囊袋型 3例 ,囊袋直径分别为 4、5和 10mm ,封堵器的直径分别为 4、8和 12mm。 1例缺损为管状 ,直径 3.5mm ,用 4mm的封堵器治疗成功。4例患者ASD伸展径为 6～ 10mm ,封堵器直径为 6～ 12mm。所有患者术中及术后无并发症。结论　经导管介入同期封堵治疗膜周部VSD合并ASD具有技术上的可行性、安全性和良好的治疗效果     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.