The role of video in health education on HIV / AIDS

Films and videos have been used by priests for many years to reach thousands of village people. The films are often dubbed in the local language or a commentator explains the scenes. Films have also been made and distributed about AIDS. Bukumbi Hospital used those films created in Tanzania to educate its personnel when the AIDS Committee was established in 1990. The hospital then took its health education sessions to villages and nearby institutions. When the AIDS Committee had access to video, it was usually used during the second visit to a community after the committee had already held a health education session with the local choir. While video can attract many people for meetings, it can also show an AIDS patient, his feelings, and the feelings of relatives. Videos can also directly teach viewers how to use condoms. Local applications, generating participation, and interactive health promotion are discussed. The AIDS Committee at Bukumbi Hospital has also produced its own experimental interactive video, focusing upon sexual attitudes and behavior.     

Evaluation of a HIV/AIDS education program for adolescents

The adolescent population has recently been recognized as one of the groups at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Statistics are beginning to document the extent of this trend. This study is aimed at determining adolescent sexual behaviors and the efficacy of a medical student-run acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) education program. Medical students taught 2,169 high school students in the St. Louis area with a pre- and post-intervention questionnaire administered to record levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual practices. Data revealed that 56.4% of the respondents were sexually active with 70.4% having multiple partners and 61.0% admitting to unprotected sex. These students demonstrated a significant increase in their knowledge about HIV infection after the educational program. The results show that, adolescents are sexually active and more importantly, they are practicing behaviors that put them at risk for HIV/AIDS, a risk which they recognize. Finally, the educational intervention did increase students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS. This may not translate into a change in behaviors, but it is a first step.This project was supported by the AIDS Foundation of St. Louis and the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine.     

HIV/AIDS education in further education: a survey

This paper summarizes a report prepared for the Health Education Authority on the nature and extent of HIV/AIDS education in further education (FE) for the 16-19 age range. The results are based on a questionnaire survey of all the FE and tertiary colleges in England which was carried out by the authors in 1990. The main conclusion is that, although most colleges claim to be making some provision for HIV/AIDS education, such provision varies considerably, tends to be voluntary and, moreover, reaches very few students. Some factors do seem to enhance HIV/AIDS education, such as the appointment of a coordinator and the provision of in-service training, but many FE staff seem to question whether it is their role to provide education of such a non-specialist nature.     

Evaluation of HIV/AIDS secondary school peer education in rural Nigeria

In this study, we assessed whether peer education is an effective method of HIV/AIDS awareness, in terms of knowledge, misconception and behavior, among adolescents in the rural area of Nigeria. A comparative case series (n = 250), cross-sectional structured survey (n = 135) and focus group discussions (n = 80) were undertaken among adolescents. In both the case series and structured survey, a questionnaire was used which addresses the following issues: socio-demography, knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS, accessibility to different sources of HIV/AIDS information, stigmatization and sexual behavior. Binary logistic regression was applied to compare responses from the peer-educated and not peer-educated populations. The model was adjusted for confounders. We demonstrated increased knowledge and decreased misconception and sexual risk behavior in adolescents receiving peer education as compared to adolescents not receiving peer education. These differences are apparent both over time (2005-2007) and cross-sectional (2007). In conclusion, peer education in rural areas can be effective in HIV/AIDS prevention. Knowledge and behavior can be influenced positively.     

HIV/AIDS in Russia: determinants of regional prevalence

Background  

The motivation for this paper is to inform the selection of future policy directions for tackling HIV/AIDS in Russia. The Russian Federation has more people living with HIV/AIDS than any other country in Europe, and nearly 70% of the known infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The epidemic is particularly young, with 80% of those infected aged less than thirty, and no Russian region has escaped the detection of infections. However, measures to address the epidemic in Russia have been hampered by late recognition of the scale of the problem, poor data on HIV prevalence, potentially counterproductive narcotics legislation, and competing health priorities. An additional complication has been the relative lack of research into the spatial heterogeneity of the Russian HIV/AIDS epidemic, investigating the variety of prevalence rates in the constituent regions and questioning assumptions about the links between the epidemic and the circumstances of post-Soviet transformation. In the light of these recent developments, this paper presents research into the determinants of regional HIV prevalence levels in Russia.     

福建省三明市高中生艾滋病同伴教育效果评价

【目的】目的评价三明市高中学生预防艾滋病同伴教育的即时效果和同伴教育可行性。【方法】从三明市高中学校中随机抽取7所学校并选取981名高一年级学生作为干预组进行预防艾滋病同伴教育,另选1 008人作为内对照组;同时选取另外7所高中学校1079名学生作为同期外对照组。在干预前、后分别对3组学生进行内容一致的问卷调查。【结果】干预后干预组学生各项知识得分较教育前均有显著性的提高(P<0.0 1),知识总得分均分从18.23分上升到27.31分(t=-24.542,P<0.001),与内、外对照组间差异有显著性(F=362.97,P<0.001);更多的干预组学生对艾滋病病人持同情态度(t=7.359,P<0.001)。【结论】预防艾滋病同伴教育对提高高中学生艾滋病相关知识是有效的。     

重庆市中学生预防艾滋病同伴教育近期效果评价

目的评价在中学生中开展预防艾滋病同伴教育活动的近期效果,探索预防和控制艾滋病健康教育的有效方法。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样法,在重庆市选择沙坪坝和江津2个区分别抽取2所中学,在每所学校整群抽取8个班级,并随机分配为干预组和对照组。干预组进行以班级为单位的预防艾滋病同伴教育,对照组不进行教育。结果学生对艾滋病三大主要传播途径掌握较好,教育后,各项艾滋病相关知识知晓率均有不同程度的提高,特别是在艾滋病的非传播途径及预防控制方面,效果尤为明显,且干预前后组内和干预后组间差别均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);干预前后学生对HIV/AIDS态度认同率改变,干预后学生对艾滋病病人的态度表现得均较为积极,且干预前后组内和干预后组间比较差别均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。对照组2次调查结果基本无明显变化(P值均>0.05)。结论预防艾滋病同伴教育活动近期效果明显,对预防与控制艾滋病具有重要意义。     

大型企业外来工艾滋病宣传教育效果评估

目的:评估对大型企业外来工进行艾滋病宣传教育的效果.方法:卫生部门与某试点大型企业签订长期的艾滋病宣传教育与健康促进合作协议,在企业内部采取包括岗前艾滋病培训、系列宣教等综合干预措施.在干预前后分别抽取1000人进行问卷调查.结果:干预后企业外来工艾滋病各项相关知识知晓率有不同程度的上升,与干预前相比有显著性差异.结论:政企合作开展艾滋病宣传教育与健康促进的模式成效显著,下一步将在全市范围推广有益的经验.     

工厂外来女工艾滋病干预前后分析

目的 了解珠江三角洲工厂外来女工艾滋病相关知识、态度、信念、行为(KABP)，评价艾滋病干预效果。方法 采用面对面匿名同卷法，对珠江三角洲某市4个制衣厂的外来女工进行基线调查，并对该人群进行艾滋病综合措施干预，干预后再进行调查。结果 工厂外来女工对艾滋病缺乏基本了解，艾滋病传播途径和预防方法的知晓率均较低，安全套使用率低，是艾滋病的脆弱人群。经干预，工厂外来女工的艾滋病传播途径和预防方法的知晓率均显著提高，安全性行为率增高，安全套使用率增高。结论 干预取得明显效果。     

HIV/AIDS and school boards: a policy approach

In general, there is a low incidence of HIV infection in members of school communities. Moreover, all available evidence supports the conclusion that HIV is not transmitted by the everyday contacts which occur in family, social, employment and educational settings. Despite this, the presence, in a school community, of persons infected with HIV or who have an HIV related disease have been perceived by some as presenting a threat to their children's, and even to their own health and well-being, which, in turn, has led to serious conflicts between various participants in that community. Experience, however, has shown that the fears of many persons and the risks of conflict and confrontation can be minimized, if not negated, if a school board has adopted policies and procedures in relation to HIV/AIDS. Such policies and procedures must be based on current medical knowledge and clearly identified ethical and legal principles, including identification of the rights, interests and needs of all persons and development of appropriate analyses, especially where these are required to resolve conflicts. In this text, educational authorities and their advisors are provided both with a comprehensive model HIV/AIDS policy, and a commentary which examines, amongst other matters, the fundamental ethical and legal considerations which have guided its formulation and the justifications for each of the principles contained therein.     

外来务工人员艾滋病健康教育干预效果评价

目的了解天津市河西区外来务工人员艾滋病防治知识的认知程度,评价外来务工人员艾滋病健康教育干预效果。方法采用随机整群抽样方法抽取企业、建筑工地外来务工人员1124人开展多种形式的艾滋病健康教育,在干预前后分别进行问卷调查。结果干预后被调查人员对艾滋病相关知识知晓率较干预前明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同性别、户籍、年龄的外来务工人员干预前后艾滋病相关知识知晓率均明显提高(P<0.01)。85%被调查人员对干预活动表示满意。结论对外来务工人员实施艾滋病健康教育,是切实可行的有效措施,但要取得长远效果需要建立长期干预机制。     

性病门诊开展HIV/AIDS健康教育效果分析

在艾滋病(AIDS)的传播途径中,全球约有75%的艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染是通过性途径感染的.而中国经血传播(静脉注射吸毒)为主要传播途径,其次是性途径传播[1].在某市HIV/AIDS的主要传播途径是经血液途径(单采血浆),感染者大多数为青壮年,处于性活跃期,同时性传播疾病亦呈逐年上升趋势.于2006年3月至2007年2月,对随州市疾病预防控制中心性病门诊就诊的784例性病患者开展艾滋病健康教育及行为干预.     

黑龙江口岸赴俄罗斯劳务人员艾滋病健康教育效果的评估

[目的]通过艾滋病相关知识的干预性宣传教育，提高劳务人员艾滋病相关知识的知晓率。[方法]随机抽取到黑龙江各个口岸国际旅行卫生保健中心进行健康体检的赴俄罗斯劳务团体作为调查对象，对出国劳务人员在进行预防艾滋病知识宣传教育前后分别进行问卷调查，共收取有效调查问卷4809份，并将调查结果的所有数据经SPSS12．0统计分析。[结果]本次接受宣传教育人群属于性活跃的文化程度较低的体力劳动人群；经过艾滋病知识宣传教育后，对艾滋病的基本知识有了更多的了解，对于艾滋病的传播途径和有效预防艾滋病方法的认识也有较大的提高。[结论]此次宣传教育效果显著，建议今后检验检疫部门把预防艾滋病的宣传教育作为一项日常工作。     

Evaluation of quality of life among women with HIV/AIDS using HAT-QoL

In order to evaluate quality of life among women with HIV/AIDS, the HIV-AIDS Quality of Life test (HAT-QoL) was administered as a specific tool for individuals infected with HIV. It consists of 42 questions and is divided into nine modules with questions on different aspects of the lives of persons with HIV/AIDS. The scale was subjected to reverse and pre-test translation. Its final form was applied to 73 women with HIV/AIDS. The results, following statistical analysis, indicated that the most negatively affected modules were: "Financial Concerns", "Concerns about Confidentiality", "Sexual Activity", and "Concerns with Health". These results were attributed to the fact that women demonstrated a significant socioeconomic disadvantage which (probably in addition to the infection itself) led to the negative impact on quality of life. It was concluded that the HAT-QoL scale was appropriate for the population of female HIV carriers in this study (despite having originated from a non-Brazilian culture), since application of the scale produced results similar to those found in international publications.     

HIV／AIDS患者健康教育需求分析

目的 分析HIV／AIDS患者的健康教育需求，为有针对性开展健康教育提供参考。方法 应用调查表，调查,2004年5月至2006年4月间在我区发现的42例HIV／AIDS患者，分析探讨其健康教育需求内容及方式。结果 HIV／AIDS患者最想了解HIV／AIDS治疗及管理等服务机构、其次为药物的疗效和副作用、CD4免疫细胞检测及意义、临床症状和治疗方法、心理支持系统与自我疏导方式、AIDS夫妻及家人间的预防等；最希望获取知识途径是工作人员上门随访宣传教育。结论 健康教育应以受众的心理特点、需求和现有知识水平为依据，按他们最欢迎的方式和最需要的内容进行宣传教育会提高健康教育工作的效果。     

荆州市低档娱乐场所暗娼艾滋病知识行为干预效果评价

自1985年我国大陆发现首例艾滋病病人以来[1],经过传入期、扩散期之后,目前已进入快速增长期[2],健康教育是公认的预防艾滋病最有效的手段[3],其中加强对高危人群的艾滋病预防知识教育及行为干预已成为目前防艾工作的重要内容.     

青海藏族大学生艾滋病健康教育效果评价

了解青海藏族大学生开展预防艾滋病健康教育活动的效果,为民族地区有效开展预防艾滋病的健康教育工作提供依据.方法 整群抽取青海省在读藏族大学生进行为期3个月的健康教育,在健康教育前(404人)、后(403人)分别进行问卷调查,比较学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为的变化.结果 健康教育后藏族大学生对艾滋病流行及危害认识均超过84%,艾滋病知识知晓率均有所提高(P值均<0.01),对艾滋病感染者歧视态度明显下降(P值均<0.01),对婚前性行为认可率有所下降(P<0.01),支持安全性行为者提高了39.5个百分点(P<0.01).结论 青海藏族大学生艾滋病及相关知识了解较少.多途径艾滋病健康教育宣传方式可明显提高藏族学生对艾滋病的认识,应在其他民族地区积极推广.     

Assessing the National HIV/AIDS Strategy Evaluation

The report is a useful compilation of data on Australia's HIV/AIDS epidemic and the response to it. The report produces firm evidence for endorsing Australia's success in limiting the spread of HIV by a number of routes. Australia has been successful in preventing iatrogenic spread, spread through commercial sex and spread through injecting drug use. In the latter case however, the hepatitis C epidemic cautions against complacency. The report, unfortunately, does not recognise very serious weaknesses in the evidence it uses as a basis for its endorsement of current efforts against HIV in the male homosexual community and the general heterosexual community. The report recognises failure of current policies in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and recognises the threat posed here by HIV but recommends no major policy change. There is some recognition of the limitation of the data, but no recommendation for increased surveillance. The report ignores methods of prevention other than public health education. In my view, there is sufficient evidence to recommend routine neonatal circumcision, at least in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. There is a clear need for a more effective approach to STD control, particularly in these communities. ^19,24–28 Adequate STD and HIV control may well require contact tracing and surveillance using traditional public health methods. Measurement of objective indicators of the success of HIV prevention campaigns needs to be improved with more comprehensive collection of data on HIV and STD incidence and condom sales, stratified by relevant covariates. Survey evidence of behavioural change should be collected from those too young to be affected by the selective mortality factor. The international comparisons await a proper statistical study which may be able to identify the elements of an effective approach to AIDS. In future reviews of the effectiveness of Australia's response to AIDS, all methods of limiting the spread of the epidemic should be considered objectively. It is unacceptable for the AIDS program to be declared optimal simply because it accords with current public health ideology.