兰州市艾滋病病毒感染者的性行为分析

目的了解兰州市艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者(people living with HIV/AIDS)性行为,为兰州市艾滋病患者及病毒感染者干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用非概率抽样方法,对2012年7~12月在本市长期居住的已经确诊的HIV/AIDS采用横断面回顾性调查方法进行一对一基本人口学特征、性行为特征等信息问卷调查。结果共调查232例,63.79%(148/232)的调查对象报告有固定性伴,诊断为HIV后最近6个月,68.92%(102/148)报告与固定性伴发生过性行为,安全套坚持使用率为43.14%(44/102),诊断前后与固定性伴性行为的比例明显下降(χ2=24.788,P<0.05),安全套坚持使用率明显上升(χ2=30.426,P<0.05);27.16%(63/232)的调查对象报告有非商业非固定性伴,诊断为HIV后最近6个月,14.29%(9/63)报告与非商业非固定性伴发生过性行为,安全套坚持使用率为66.67%(6/9),诊断前后与非商业非固定性伴性行为的比例明显下降(χ2=37.852,P<0.05),安全套坚持使用率明显上升(χ2=4.940,P<0.05);21.98%(51/232)的调查对象报告有商业性伴;诊断为HIV后最近6个月,47.06%(24/51)的调查对象人报告与商业性伴发生过性行为,安全套坚持使用率为16.67%(4/24),诊断前后与商业性伴性行为的比例无明显变化(χ2=0.039,P>0.05),安全套的坚持使用率也无明显变化(χ2=0.091,P>0.05)。结论艾滋病病毒感染者艾滋病患者发生性行为比例较高,安全套坚持使用率较低,应加强该人群的行为干预措施。     

High-risk STD/HIV behavior among college students

The current sexually transmitted disease (STD) epidemic in adolescents has led to concern about the potential for spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 1988, a total of 5514 students in first-year community college and university classrooms across Canada were surveyed to assess STD/HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and risk behavior. The students' mean age was 19.7 years; the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.4. Students knew more about HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome than other STDs. Of the 74.3% of the men and 68.9% of the women who were coitally active, 14.3% of the men and 18.6% of the women had participated in anal intercourse and 5.5% reported a previous STD. Only 24.8% of the men and 15.6% of the women always used a condom during sexual intercourse. Among the 21.3% of the men and 8.6% of the women with 10 or more partners, regular condom use was reported in only 21% and 7.5%, respectively. In this subgroup, anal intercourse was practiced by 26.9% of the men and 34.8% of the women, and previous STD was reported by 10.6% and 24.2%, respectively. Factors associated with not using a condom included number of sexual partners, embarrassment about condom purchase, difficulty discussing condom use with a partner, use of oral contraceptives, insufficient knowledge of HIV/STDs, and the belief that condoms interfere with sexual pleasure. These factors are potentially amenable to change. Effective, behaviorally focused educational programs are needed to improve condom use and reduce STD/HIV risk.     

Attitudes and behaviours of young Indigenous people in Townsville concerning relationships, sex and contraception: the "U Mob Yarn Up" project

OBJECTIVE: To gain some understanding of the attitudes and behaviours of Indigenous young people in Townsville concerning relationships, contraception and safe sex. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using a computer-assisted self-administered survey and single-sex focus group discussions designed by a Young Mums' Group operating on participatory action principles and acting as peer interviewers. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 171 Indigenous students in Years 9-11 at three high schools and 15 residents of a homeless youth shelter in Townsville, Queensland, 27 April - 8 December 2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported attitudes and behaviour about relationships, sexual intercourse and contraception. RESULTS: 84/183 participants (45.9%) reported past sexual intercourse, with 56.1% commencing intercourse at age 13-14 years. The likelihood of having had sex increased with being male (P=0.001), increasing age, increased perceived sexual activity of peer group (both P=0.000), and drinking alcohol at least weekly (P=0.015). Young women were more likely to report unwanted sexual touching (P=0.031), and less likely to report enjoying sexual intercourse (P=0.001). The main qualitative themes concerned females' reputations, coercion, and denial of female desire. Only 49/80 participants (61.3%) reported always using condoms. The main reasons for not using contraception were "just not thinking about it", shame, and problems with access. Despite having reasonable knowledge about contraception, most lacked the confidence and negotiation skills to communicate with partners about condom use. CONCLUSIONS: Like teenagers elsewhere, Indigenous teenagers in Townsville are becoming sexually active at a young age, and not practising safe sex reliably. The need to protect their reputations puts young women at risk by not being prepared for safe sex by carrying condoms.     

重庆市HIV阴性男男性行为者性行为特征及安全套使用影响因素

目的 探讨重庆市人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus, HIV）阴性男男性行为者（men who have sex with men, MSM）性行为特征及安全套使用的影响因素。方法 通过问卷调查的方式收集2018年6月1日—2019年6月1日重庆市HIV阴性MSM的人口学及性行为特征相关信息,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析MSM人群坚持使用安全套的影响因素。结果 共调查282例HIV阴性MSM,其中66.7%（188/282）年龄≤28岁,90.8%（256/282）学历为大专及以上,81.2%（229/282）性伴人数>1人,40.1%（113/282）近6个月同性肛交性行为时坚持使用安全套;172例完成了所有问卷内容的MSM中,62.8%（108/172）情感状况为单身,72.1%（124/172）每月都有性行为,79.7%（137/172）为同性恋,76.7%（132/172）已对外公开性取向。单因素分析结果显示,性伴数量、性行为频率、滥用药物及既往HIV暴露后预防史是坚持使用安全套的影响因素。多因素分析结果显示,性伴数量>1人、每月都有性行为是MSM坚持使用安全套的独立危险因素。结论 重庆市HIV阴性MSM人群高危性行为较为普遍,但安全套使用情况不容乐观,应针对其性行为特征进行艾滋病防控知识宣教,采取多种措施提高安全套使用率。     

娱乐服务行业流动妇女性行为和性观念分析

目的 了解娱乐服务行业流动妇女的性行为和性观念现状。方法 对广州市某区17家桑拿、夜总会989名流动妇女进行匿名问卷调查。结果 调查对象平均年龄22．5岁,文化程度较低,未婚育龄妇女为主(83．0％)。76．4％的未婚妇女有婚前性行为,11．7％的人有多个性伴侣,近半年每次性生活部使用避孕套的妇女仅占23．2％。1．8％的妇女得过性病。结论 娱乐服务行业流动妇女性观念开放,婚前性行为和无保护性行为普遍,有必要在该人群开展生殖健康和安全性行为的健康教育。     

Sexual activity and condom use in high school students.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of sexual experience and condom use among Year 9 high school students. DESIGN: Self-administered questionnaire to all Year 9 students attending a personal development workshop. SETTING: The study was carried out in two regional high schools in New South Wales, one in an urban area and the other in a rural area. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 253 students in Year 9 at the two high schools; only two students declined to participate. RESULTS: Seventy-one students (28.1%) had had intercourse at least once. There was no statistically significant difference between the percentage of male and female students or rural and urban students who had had intercourse. Thirty students (42.3%) always used condoms, 35.2% used them sometimes and the other sexually active students had never used them. The commonest reasons for non-use were unplanned sex, unavailability or no time. CONCLUSIONS: The unpredictability of teenage sexual activity may mean that condoms are not available at the crucial time. Girls appear to have more difficulty in asking for condoms to be used, but the numbers are two small in this survey to draw definite conclusions. If both pregnancy and sexually transmissible diseases are to be prevented among adolescents, sex education must encourage condom use as the first method of contraception for this group and emphasise the need for consistent availability and use.     

山西省某市外来流动人口的社会人口学特征与安全套使用

目的了解中部地区外来流动人口的社会人口学特征、安全套使用情况及其影响因素。方法采用配额抽样,一对一、面对面匿名调查形式,对外来流动人口较为集中的6类工作场所里的1280名外来人员进行流行病学调查。结果饭店宾馆和娱乐场所里的流动人员比较年轻,大多数未婚;市场里的流动人员大多数和配偶一起住,其流动性较小;工厂和建筑工地的工人文化程度最低。各场所最近1个月有性行为的流动人员中曾使用过安全套者所占的比例分别为娱乐场所87％、市场32％、饭店宾馆59％、工厂和建筑工地25％。年龄较轻者、具有较高文化程度者以及具有安全套预防HIV感染知识者的安全套使用率较高。结论除娱乐场所外还应在市场、饭店宾馆、建筑工地和工厂这些外来人口聚集的场所推广使用安全套。同时应特别加强有关“安全套可以预防艾滋病”知识的宣传并提倡“在和配偶等固定性伴性交时使用安全套”。     

Associations among condom use, sexual behavior, and knowledge about HIV/AIDS. A study of 13,293 public school students

BACKGROUND: This school-based study explored associations between Mexican young people's condom use, other sexual behaviors, and HIV/AIDS knowledge. METHODS: Students (n=13,293, 11-24 years of age) from a random sample of public schools in the central Mexican state of Morelos completed a self-administered questionnaire. We performed logistic regression analysis of condom use and sexual behavior variables and a knowledge-based index on HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission. RESULTS: Average age at sexual debut was 13.6 +/- 1.9 years among young men and 14.2 +/- 2.2 years among young women; 34.5% of sample participants reported using condoms during their first sexual intercourse. More students had intermediate HIV/AIDS knowledge levels (46%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 45.2-46.9) than high levels (37%, 95% CI 36.2-37.8, p <0.01). Students knew more concerning HIV transmission than about prevention of HIV infection. Among young men, high levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge increased likelihood of condom use (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1-1.7), while among young women high levels of knowledge decreased likelihood of using condoms (OR 0.7, 95% CI, 0.5-1.0). Young men with high levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge were more likely to have had three or more sexual partners (OR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.3-2.2), but young women with high knowledge levels were more likely to have only one lifetime sexual partner (OR 0.6, 95% CI, 0.4-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: As in previous studies in smaller samples, levels of knowledge with regard to HIV/AIDS were low in Mexican youth. HIV/AIDS education programs for Mexican students should focus on conveying knowledge on HIV prevention. Because apparently knowledge is not directly correlated with condom use among young women, prevention strategies that deal with social acceptability of condoms and social skills related with condom negotiation are also needed.     

流出地校外青少年艾滋病相关危险行为及其影响因素

目的：了解流出地15~24岁未婚校外青少年艾滋病相关危险行为发生情况及影响因素,为对此人群开展相关健康教育提供参考。方法：采用整群抽样方法,抽取某县某所劳务培训和输出机构所有15~24岁未婚校外青少年进行问卷调查。以理性行为理论为基础设计结构式问卷,匿名,在调查员的指导下填写后当场装入信封回收。共收回问卷1 800份,有效问卷1 712份。利用Epidata 3.0建立数据库用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果： (1)流出地校外青少年艾滋病危险行为发生率较高,婚前性行为的发生率为18.0%,其中过去3个月中性行为从未使用过安全套的占27.3%,有多性伴者占30.8%,有过商业性行为者占31.0%,有过使用毒品经历占9.7%;艾滋病知识知晓率仅为25.1%;同伴环境较差;(2)性行为中使用安全套与艾滋病知识得分、性关系中能谈论安全套相关;发生多性伴行为与年龄、朋友中有多性伴者、对多性伴的态度、主观规范相关;发生商业性行为与艾滋病知识得分、家庭住址、朋友中有发生商业性行为、主观规范、商业性行为意向相关;静脉吸毒与年龄、艾滋病知识得分、朋友吸毒、主观规范、吸毒意向相关;(3)理性行为理论框架中主观规范和行为意向对校外青少年艾滋病危险行为的发生影响较大。结论：流出地校外青少年感染艾滋病的危险性主要表现为缺乏相关知识和应对不良的伙伴压力的能力,应帮助他们树立良好的行为规范,外出打工前期是对校外青少年进行相关健康教育的“关键期”。     

High risk health behaviours among adult Jamaicans

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk health behaviours among adult Jamaicans aged 15-49 years in 2000, and to compare the results with the 1993 survey. A nationally representative sample of 2013 persons aged 15-74 years was surveyed in 2000 using cluster sampling in the Jamaica Healthy Lifestyle Survey (Wilks et al, unpublished). Interviewer administered questionnaires and anthropometrical measurements were done. Data for a sub-sample of adults aged 15-49 years were analyzed The sub-sample included 1401 persons (473 men and 928 women). Significantly more men (18.6%) than women (4.3%) reported never having had a blood pressure check (p = 0.0001). Approximately one-third of the women reported that they had never had a Pap smear (36.0%) or a breast examination (31.2%). Current cigarette smoking was reported in 28.6% of men and 7.7% of women (OR 3.73 CI 2.71, 5.15), while 49.0% of men and 15.0% of women ever smoked marijuana (OR 3.28 CI 2.56, 4.20). Significantly more men (28.0%) than women (11.7%) reported ever having a sexually transmitted disease (OR 2.93 CI 2.16, 3.97); having more than one sexual partner in the past year (49.1% vs 11.4%, OR 4.31 CI 3.22, 5.76) and usually using a condom during sexual intercourse (55.3% vs 40.5%, OR 1.3 CI 1.11, 1.68). Between 1993 and 2000, significant trends include: more persons reported having a blood pressure check, a reduction in multiple sexual partners, increased condom use at last sex (women), reduced crack/cocaine use (males) and increased marijuana smoking. Although there were some significant positive lifestyle trends between 1993 and 2000, high risk behaviours remain common among Jamaican adults. Comprehensive health promotion programmes are needed to address these risk behaviours.     

邵阳市暗娼人群无保护性性行为及相关危险因素调查

目的了解邵阳市暗娼人群无保护性性行为及其影响因素情况,为针对暗娼开展高危行为干预和遏制艾滋病的流行提供科学依据。方法从娱乐场所招募暗娼,调查其社会人口学、吸毒、性行为方式和安全套使用情况。结果调查的450名暗娼中,近6个月与客人发生无保护性性行为的34.9%。多因素logistic逐步回归模型分析显示,平均月收入低（OR=2.50）、第一次做暗娼年龄小（OR=2.30）和近6个月主要生意地点档次低（OR=5.56）、接客时坚持使用安全套能预防艾滋病同意率低（OR=5.31）、场所的妈咪或经理支持用套少（OR=1.85）是暗娼与客人发生无保护性性行为的影响因素。结论本研究结果显示该地区暗娼与客人发生无保护性性行为比例较高,中低档暗娼更易发生高危性行为,需对该地区暗娼推广使用安全套,加大行为干预工作力度以控制艾滋病病毒的传播流行。     

Male-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus

Ninety-seven female sexual partners of 93 men infected with human immunodeficiency virus were studied. All of the women had sexual contact within the year before their partner had been diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or was found to have a positive reaction on the human immunodeficiency virus serologic test. Fifty-seven percent were the partners of bisexual men. Overall, 23% of the women were infected (95% confidence interval, 15% to 32%). The total number of exposures to the index case (sexual contacts with ejaculation) and the specific practice of anal intercourse, also with the infected partner, were associated with transmission. Neither condom use, total number of sexual partners since 1978, nor lifetime number of sexually transmitted diseases was associated with infection.     

Sexual practices and condom usage in a cohort of homosexual men in relation to human immunodeficiency virus status

Between January 1, and October 31, 1987, 420 homosexual men who participated in a cohort study of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) completed a questionnaire that examined their sexual practices during the previous six months. Of the subjects, 205 (48.8%) men were HIV-seropositive and 215 (51.2%) men were HIV-seronegative. Although there was an appreciable level of condom usage in both groups, 13.5% of the HIV-seronegative men had engaged in unprotected receptive anal intercourse and 6.3% of the HIV-seropositive men had engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse. Condom breakage was reported on approximately 6% of occasions by a minority of subjects. Among subjects who were in a relationship with a regular male sexual partner, the most commonly reported sexual practices were deep kissing, mutual masturbation and receptive oral intercourse without ejaculation. No HIV-seronegative man engaged in unprotected receptive and/or insertive anal intercourse, receptive oral intercourse with ejaculation or receptive and/or insertive "fisting" with a regular partner who was HIV-seropositive. No HIV-seropositive man engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse to ejaculation with an HIV-seronegative partner, although they did so with partners who were HIV-seropositive or of unknown status. On multivariate analyses the subject's antibody status was found to be associated with receptive anal intercourse with a condom (P = 0.007) and mutual masturbation (P = 0.001), with HIV-seronegative men being more likely to practise either; no significant independent effect was associated with the partner's antibody status. These findings provide important information on the types and levels of sexual practices in a group of homosexual men after the recognition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in this country.     

Relationship between Contraceptive Knowledge, Cognition and Behaviors among Vocational High School Students

Rise in prevalence rate of sexual activity among middle/high school students have gone with decline in age of sex initiation in recent years. Due to special training purposes and characteristics of student resources, most vocational high school students s…     

Experiences and socialization of Jamaican men with multiple sex partners

One of the goals of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) control programme in Jamaica is to encourage persons to have a single sex partner. Before this can be achieved in men, it is important to identify the demographic characteristics as well as the sexual attitudes and socialization of men who have multiple sex partners. A national survey was conducted on sexual decision-making in Jamaica in which a random sample of 3,001 persons was selected for study and of 2,580 (86%) interviewed 979 were men. The following analyses included the 769 men who were sexually active. Thirty-four per cent (34%), 95% CI, 30.6-37.4%) of these men said that they were currently having sex with more than one woman. Although condom use was higher in men with multiple sex partners, 33% of them said that they never used condoms. Independent predictors of having multiple sex partners were: not being in a stable union; being raised by fathers only; and having a secondary school education. There was no significant association with church attendance or with occupation. Compared with other males, men who had multiple sex partners started having sex at an earlier age and were more likely to engage in high-risk sex behaviours such as having sex with prostitutes and abusing drugs prior to coitus. They were also more likely to believe in the use of sex as a means to control their partners and were less likely to think that being married or involved in a long-term relationship was important. These data must be taken into consideration by the AIDS control programme in Jamaica when formulating policies to promote monogamy. There may also be a need to implement parenting support or education programmes for single men who raise their sons.     

眉山市城区2005年暗娼行为学监测分析

目的了解商业性性服务者(CSW)艾滋病危险行为现状、特点和变化趋势,制定有效的干预措施,为政府调整和完善艾滋病防治策略提供依据。方法采用问卷调查方式对城区内高危场所CSW进行调查。结果360名CSW最近7天平均接客人数11个;最近一次与客人性交时,按高、中、低档场所,安全套使用率分别为95.17%、95.80%、70.24%;最近一次与客人性交时没有使用安全套的原因主要是客人反对,占70.27%;最近一个月商业性行为时安全套坚持使用率为39.45%,低档场所明显低于中、高档场所。结论以中、低档场所为重点,以促进安全套使用为核心的艾滋病防治综合干预工作应尽快在本市展开。政府各有关部门应加强配合,切实履行自身在艾滋病防治工作中的职责,以控制艾滋病在我市经性途径的传播与蔓延。     

高危险人群预防艾滋病性病综合干预研究

目的探讨在娱乐服务公共场所高危人群（服务小姐）中开展预防艾滋病性病的健康教育和综合干预的方法、效果及可行性。方法调查员深入现场，采用面对面的深入访谈与咨询，免费分发宣传资料和安全套，实施外展健康教育，增设安全套自动售套机，推广使用安全套，运用调查问卷和访谈方法，评价下预效果。结果干预前后分别调查145人和106人。通过干预，服务小姐艾滋病预防知识水平有显著提高，对安全套预防艾滋病经性传播的态度和信念有明显转变。在与固定和非固定性伴侣行为中，最近1次安全套的使用率分别为63．21％和98．11％。在与非固定性伴性行为中，最近1周和最近1个月每次都用安全套的比率分别由86．21％上升为96．23％、84．83％．上升为95．28％。结论在娱乐服务场所开展预防艾滋病性病的健康教育和综合干预足可行的而且是有效的。     

广西部分地区男男性行为者安全套使用情况及影响因素分析

目的 分析广西部分地区男男性行为者（men who have sex with men, MSM）的危险行为、安全套使用情况及其影响因素。方法 在广西南宁市、柳州市和贺州市通过方便抽样的方法招募MSM,开展面对面问卷调查,收集其社会人口学、行为学、艾滋病相关知识、安全套使用等基本信息。采用卡方检验、Logistic回归模型分析最近6个月同性肛交坚持使用安全套的影响因素,计算OR（95%CI）值,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 375名MSM中,认为当地MSM疫情严重占56.3%,曾经吸食过新型毒品占5.1%,最近6个月同性肛交性行为坚持使用安全套仅占58.4%,最近6个月性伴数3人以上占25.9%,最近6个月与异性发生过性行为占14.1%。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,文化程度高中或中专及以上[OR=1.86(95%CI:1.01~3.43)]、认为当地MSM艾滋病疫情严重[OR=3.79(95%CI:1.61~8.95)]、最近1年做过HIV检测[OR=1.93(95%CI:1.18~3.15)]、最近1年患过性病[OR=0.36(95%CI:0.14~0.90)]为最近6个月同性肛交坚持使用安全套的-影响因素。结论 广西MSM安全套坚持使用率低,需结合不同特点的MSM采取针对性干预措施,提高安全套坚持使用率,减少艾滋病的传播。