单开门术后前方残留压迫阻碍神经功能恢复的研究

[目的]研究后路单开门成形术后脊髓前方残留压迫对神经功能恢复的影响,并探讨残留压迫与术前椎管侵占率以及致压物最大径之间的关系.[方法] 2008年1月～2010年12月在本院行单开门手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者60例,所有患者均获得随访.平均随访时间34个月(12 ～52个月).将患者分为两组,A组:22例术后存在前方残留压迫;B组:38例术后不存在前方残留压迫.比较和分析两组术后疗效及影像学资料,如JOA总体评分及改善率,JOA各项评分及改善率,术前及术后颈椎曲度,前方压迫物最大径以及椎管侵占率.[结果]两组平均年龄、病程、随访时间、术前JOA评分以及术前术后的颈椎曲度比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).A组JOA改善率(52.7±19.2)％,B组改善率(69.8±9.8)％,两组间改善率比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05),A组vs B组上肢运动功能改善率(44.6％ vs76.3％),下肢运动功能改善率(43.2％ vs57.2％),两组间比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05).A组压迫物最大径及椎管侵占率分别为(7.2±1.4) mm和(58.2±10.7)％,B组分别为(5.9±1.3)mm和(49.5±10.6)％,两组间比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05).[结论]单开门术后脊髓受到前方残留压迫时会阻碍神经功能的恢复,特别是在四肢运动功能方面.单开门手术对伴有前方巨大占位的脊髓型颈椎病的治疗具有局限性.     

颈椎后路微型钛板在多节段脊髓型颈椎病单开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用

[目的]探讨在多节段脊髓型颈椎病后路单开门椎管扩大减压术中应用后路微型钛板的临床疗效.[方法]2008年7月～2010年11月,对27例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大减压术,术中应用后路微型钛板维持椎板开门状态.[结果]手术时间为(125±30) min,术中出血量为(210±50) ml.术中未出现相关并发症,随访12 ～20个月,平均14.6个月.神经功能明显改善,由术前的JOA评分(8.4±2.1)分提高到末次随访的(14.1±1.8)分(P＜0.01),平均改善率为(69.1±13.5)％;颈部轴性疼痛发生率为11.1％(3/27),VAS评分平均为2.3分,随访期间X线片均未见后路微型钛板和螺钉松动、断裂和或再关门现象.[结论]在脊髓型颈椎病行颈后路单开门椎管扩大减压术中应用后路微型钛板可提供可靠的力学支持,与传统固定方法比较提高了即刻稳定性,显著减少了术后轴性症状、再关门等并发症的发生,有助于患者早期功能锻炼,恢复神经功能,提高生活质量.     

颈前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈后路单开门术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

[目的]探讨颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病在临床上的应用价值。[方法]应用Cervical Cage行颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合术，同时，颈椎后路行单开门椎管扩大成形术11例，平均随访6个月。按40分法和JOA评分对手术前后脊髓功能进行评分，并测量颈椎术前术后前柱高度及椎管宽度和进行相关性分析．[结果]颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，明显改善脊髓型颈椎病的脊髓功能。40分法平均37分，改善率83％；JOA评分16．5分，改善率91％；前柱高度平均增加1．28mm；椎管宽度平均增加2．22mm。[结论]颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，有效恢复了颈椎前柱高度、增加椎管宽度，明显改善了脊髓型颈椎病的脊髓功能。     

自锁式椎间融合器在一期后前路联合手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病中的应用(2年随访)

[目的]分析一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效.[方法]2006年9月～ 2008年4月,采用一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术连续治疗脊髓型颈椎病52例;前路椎间减压单节段23例、双节段29例.记录患者术前及术后的JOA评分,在颈椎侧位X线片上测量椎间隙高度、椎间前凸角、颈椎前凸角的变化.[结果] 52例共随访24～40个月(平均30个月).52例患者在术后2周内均感到神经症状明显好转;没有发生手术相关并发症.术后6个月随访时,所有患者主诉四肢感觉、肌力、活动均较前明显改善,颈椎X线检查可见椎间已融合,椎间高度及生理曲度完好,无融合器移位、下沉、断裂发生.平均JOA评分由术前(7.3±0.5)分,提高到术后6个月(14.1±0.7)分,术后12个月(14.7±0.6)分,术后24个月(14.9±1.2)分;术后6个月随访时的JOA评分改善率:优21例,良25例,可6例,术后12个月及术后24个月时的JOA评分改善率与术后6个月无明显改变.[结论]采用一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病能获得颈髓前后方的充分减压及满意的临床疗效,能获得满意的颈椎曲度、稳定性重建及椎间融合.     

两种不同术式治疗合并颈椎后纵韧带骨化的重度脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的探讨前路、后-前联合入路两种不同术式治疗合并颈椎后纵韧带骨化(Ossificationof posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的重度脊髓型颈椎病的适应证及临床疗效。方法对38例合并颈椎OPLL的重度脊髓型颈椎病患者分别行颈椎前路手术(A组,22例)和后-前联合入路手术(B组,16例)。比较两组患者椎管狭窄率、骨化节段及脊髓压迫率的差异,并根据术前及术后随访时的JOA评分,评价两组患者的神经功能恢复情况。结果所有病例随访12～30个月,平均20个月,术中未出现脊髓、椎动脉损伤等严重并发症,两组脊髓功能均获不同程度改善。A组JOA评分从术前平均(7.9+2.1)分提高至术后1年平均(13.1+1.7)分,平均改善率为(65.9+5.2)%;B组JOA评分从术前平均(6.8+1.6)分提高至术后1年平均(13.9+0.9)分,平均改善率为(69.8+4.5)%,对比两组患者疗效无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论采用前路或后-前联合入路治疗合并颈椎OPLL的重度脊髓型颈椎病,均取得彻底的椎管减压和良好的临床疗效,根据脊髓受压程度、影像学资料、骨化范围及患者全身情况合理选择恰当的手术入路是手术成功的关键。     

单开门联合侧块螺钉在老年性严重性颈椎管狭窄中的应用

[目的]观察颈椎管狭窄单开门椎管减压椎板成形联合侧块螺钉悬吊术治疗老年性严重性颈椎管狭窄症的临床效果.[方法]选取32例于2006～2009年期间在本院治疗的老年性严重性颈椎管狭窄患者作为研究对象.手术前后从影像学变化(椎管矢状径、颈椎活动度)和神经功能改善(采用日本骨科学会脊髓功能评分量表)两方面评估临床效果.[结果]随访18～46个月,椎管矢状径平均增加5.1 mm,颈椎活动度平均减少13°.JOA评分平均增加5.6分,优良率75%,没有出现再关门病例.[结论]颈后路单开门联合侧块螺钉技术治疗颈椎管狭窄安全有效,减压彻底.     

单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病远期疗效

目的探讨单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的远期疗效。方法回顾分析我院自1992-1999年采用单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者85例的临床资料。结果平均随访7.5年(5～12年),术前JOA评分9.3±0.4,术后JOA评分11.4±0.4,末次随访JOA评分14.3±0.5,神经功能改善率65.2%。随着术前病程的延长,术后改善率逐步下降。结论单开门椎管扩大成形术是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病较好的术式,远期疗效确实。     

颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的探讨颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法对76例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,术前术后进行JOA评分及Hirabayashi改善率评分。结果 76例均获随访,时间6～36(24.6±10.2)个月。JOA评分:术前为9.5分±2.41分,术后为12.92分±1.69分(P<0.05)。术后患者神经功能有不同程度的改善,末次随访改善率为54.60%±15.52%。结论颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术能有效地解除脊髓的压迫,改善神经功能,疗效肯定。年龄、病程、术前JOA评分对脊髓功能改善率影响显著,年龄越大、病程越长、术前JOA评分越低的患者,术后脊髓功能改善越差。     

单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的　评价后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法　对 4 7例脊髓型颈椎病行单开门椎管成型术 ,平均随访时间 39 2个月 ,手术前后应用JOA评分法 ,对脊髓功能的改善情况进行对比分析。结果　病程小于 6个月者 2、 3年改善率分别为 6 8 0 6 %、 6 9 2 1 % ;病程超过 6个月者 2、 3年改善率分别为 6 1 80 %、 6 2 4 3%。术后 2年的改善率与术前JOA评分呈负相关性 (r=- 0 30 )。结论　单开门椎管扩大成形术后疗效肯定 ,术后缓解率同病程长短以及术前脊髓功能受损程度有关 ,脊髓功能恢复在 2年时基本稳定     

单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的 评价后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法 对47例脊髓型颈椎病行单开门椎管成型术，平均随访时间39．2个月，手术前后应用JOA评分法，对脊髓功能的改善情况进行对比分析。结果 病程小于6个月者2、3年改善率分别为68.06％、69.21％；病程超过6个月者2、3年改善率分别为61.80％、62.43％。术后2年的改善率与术前JOA评分呈负相关性(r=-0．30)。结论 单开门椎管扩大成形术后疗效肯定，术后缓解率同病程长短以及术前脊髓功能受损程度有关，脊髓功能恢复在2年时基本稳定。     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的 对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响.方法 回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DC...     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.