Iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren after salt iodisation

Earlier studies done in Sri Lanka have indicated the importance of iodine deficiency as a public health problem. The universal salt iodisation programme has been implemented since 1995.The goals of salt iodisation are reduction of the goitre rate to <5% in school-aged children, to maintain the median urinary iodine level in the population between 100-200 microg/L and >90% of households using iodised salt. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the goitre prevalence, the urinary iodine level, and measure the household iodised salt consumption pattern by Province. METHOD: A school-based study of 6574 randomly selected children in the age group 8-10 years, from 263 schools was assessed for goitre by palpation. The concentration of urinary iodine levels was measured in 2630 of these children. Estimation of iodine in the 6181 samples of salt used in households of the schoolchildren was also assessed by test kits. RESULTS: The prevalence of goitre in the Provinces varied from 16.3% to 26.2%. The median urinary iodine levels were above the cut-off point of 100 microg/L in all Provinces except in Uva. The highest median urinary iodine level was reported in North Central Province (231.3 microg/L). Overall, 35.4% of the children had urine iodine levels in the 'ideal' range (100-199.9 microg/L); 30.6% with lower values (<100 microg/L) indicated iodine deficiency and 16.3% with higher values (< 300 microg/L) indicated excessive iodine intake. Only 49.5% of households had used adequately iodised salt. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that iodine deficiency still exists in Uva Province, and that more than adequate iodine levels were found in the North Central Province. The level of permitted salt iodine at household level needs to be revised.     

Are Australian children iodine deficient? Results of the Australian National Iodine Nutrition Study

OBJECTIVE: To document the population iodine nutritional status in Australian schoolchildren. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren aged 8-10 years, based on a one-stage random cluster sample drawn from all Year 4 school classes in government and non-government schools in the five mainland Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland. The study was conducted between July 2003 and December 2004. PARTICIPANTS: 1709 students from 88 schools (881 boys and 828 girls), representing 85% of the estimated target number of students. The class participation rate was 65%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels (compared with the criteria for the severity of iodine deficiency of the World Health Organization/International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders: iodine replete, UIE > or = 100 microg/L; mild iodine deficiency, UIE 50-99 microg/L; moderate iodine deficiency, UIE 20-49 microg/L; severe iodine deficiency, UIE < 20 microg/L); (ii) Thyroid volumes measured by ultrasound (compared with new international reference values). RESULTS: Overall, children in mainland Australia are borderline iodine deficient, with a national median UIE of 104 microg/L. On a state basis, NSW and Victorian children are mildly iodine deficient, with median UIE levels of 89 microg/L and 73.5 microg/L, respectively. South Australian children are borderline iodine deficient, with a median UIE of 101 microg/L. Both Queensland and Western Australian children are iodine sufficient, with median UIE levels of 136.5 microg/L and 142.5 microg/L, respectively. Thyroid volumes in Australian schoolchildren are marginally increased compared with international normative data obtained from children living in iodine sufficient countries. There was no significant association between UIE and thyroid volume. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the existence of inadequate iodine intake in the Australian population, and we call for the urgent implementation of mandatory iodisation of all edible salt in Australia.     

Iodine deficiency in urban primary school children: a cross-sectional analysis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency in primary school children in an Australian urban population. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional survey of school children aged 5-13 years attending a public school on the Central Coast of New South Wales in November 2000. PARTICIPANTS: 324 (70%) of the 465 children enrolled in the school (180 boys; 144 girls). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thyroid volumes compared with World Health Organization/International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (WHO/ICCIDD) thyroid volume reference values. Iodine status based on WHO/ICCIDD urinary iodine concentration (UIC) categories (normal, >/= 100 microg per litre of urine [microg/L]; mild iodine deficiency, 50-99 microg/L; moderate deficiency, 20-49 microg/L; severe deficiency, < 20 microg/L); not more than 20% of the population should have a UIC below 50 microg/L. RESULTS: Median UIC for school children was 82 microg/L, and 14% of children had UICs below 50 microg/L. Thyroid volume reference values indicated a prevalence of goitre of zero. In girls, only four (3%) and one (1%) had thyroid volumes above the WHO/ICCIDD medians by age and body surface area (BSA), respectively (P < 0.001). In boys, three (2%) and one (1%) had thyroid volumes above WHO/ICCIDD medians by age and BSA, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite the median UIC being less than ideal, most children were not goitrous. This underscores the importance of using physiological outcome measures in areas where iodine deficiency is marginal before concluding the need for iodine supplementation based purely on median UIC. We call for a systematic national survey to determine iodine status using a combination of iodine deficiency indicators.     

Iodine status in pregnant women and their newborns: are our babies at risk of iodine deficiency?

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether pregnant women and their newborns show evidence of iodine deficiency, and to examine the correlation between maternal urine iodine concentration (UIC) and newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hospital antenatal care services (March-May 2004) and private obstetrician clinics (June 2004) in the Central Coast area of New South Wales. PARTICIPANTS: 815 pregnant women (> or = 28 weeks' gestation) and 824 newborns. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: World Health Organization/International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders criteria for assessing severity of iodine deficiency (recommended levels: < 20% of urine samples in a population with UIC < 50 microg/L; and < 3% of newborns with whole-blood TSH level > 5 mIU/L). RESULTS: The median UIC for pregnant women was 85 microg/L, indicating mild iodine deficiency. Almost 17% of pregnant women had a UIC < 50 microg/L, and 18 newborns (2.2%) had TSH values > 5 mIU/L. There was no statistically significant linear correlation between neonatal whole-blood TSH level and maternal UIC (r = - 0.03; P = 0.4). Mothers with a UIC < 50 microg/L were 2.6 times (relative risk = 2.65; 95% CI, 1.49-4.73; P = 0.01) more likely to have a baby with a TSH level > 5 mIU/L. CONCLUSION: The pregnant women surveyed were mildly iodine deficient. TSH values for their newborns were mostly within acceptable limits. Ongoing surveillance of the iodine status of NSW communities to establish trends over time is recommended.     

Iodine status of Tasmanians following voluntary fortification of bread with iodine

OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in the iodine status of Tasmanians following voluntary fortification of bread with iodine in October 2001. DESIGN AND SETTING: Post-intervention, cross-sectional urinary iodine surveys of Tasmanian schoolchildren aged 8-11 years were used to assess population iodine status. Participants were selected using a one-stage cluster sampling method. The sampling frame comprised classes containing fourth-grade children from all Tasmanian government, Catholic and independent schools. Results were compared with pre-intervention survey results. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and percentage of UIC < 50 microg/L ascertained from spot urine samples. RESULTS: Median UIC was 75 microg/L in 1998, 72 microg/L in 2000, 105 microg/L in 2003, 109 microg/L in 2004 and 105 microg/L in 2005. Median UIC in post-intervention years (2003-2005) was significantly higher than in pre-intervention years. The percentage of UIC results < 50 microg/L was 16.9% in 1998, 18.7% in 2000, 10.1% in 2003, 10.0% in 2004 and 10.5% in 2005. CONCLUSION: Despite methodological differences between the pre- and post-intervention surveys, switching to iodised salt in bread appears to have resulted in a significant improvement in iodine status in Tasmania. Given iodine deficiency has been identified in other parts of Australia and in New Zealand, mandatory iodine fortification of the food supply in both countries is worthy of consideration. As voluntary fortification relies on industry goodwill, mandating fortification could be expected to enhance population reach and give a greater guarantee of sustainability in Tasmania.     

衡水市水源性高碘地区儿童碘营养与甲状腺肿现状调查

目的了解高碘地区重点人群碘营养状况以及病情变化趋势。方法选取居民饮用水水碘中位数在150～300μg／L的3个高碘乡,监测8—10岁儿童尿碘含量、8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大情况（B超法）、居民饮用水碘含量、居民户盐碘含量。结果本次共应用B超检8～10岁儿童643人,甲状腺肿大47人,平均肿大率为7．31％。检测8～10岁儿童尿碘323份,尿碘中位数456．7μg/L。水碘39份,水碘中位数为256．4μg／L。居民户盐样320份,无碘盐率为78．4％。结论衡水市水源性高碘地区8—10岁儿童碘营养过量,儿童甲肿率处于较高发病水平,重点人群受高碘危害较为严重,形势不容乐观。应进一步加强改水及无碘盐供应管理,确保高碘地区群众健康。     

Effect of different iodine intake on schoolchildren’s thyroid diseases and intelligence in rural areas

Background Reports are increasingly appearing on the side effects caused by excessive iodine intake. Our objective was to find out whether iodine excess would impair the thyroid function and intelligence of schoolchildren in rural areas of China.Methods A comparative epidemiological study was made on thyroid function and intelligence of the schoolchildren in the areas of low, moderate or excessive intake of iodine. In the area of low intake of iodine ( Panshan, Liaoning province, median urinary iodine (MUI) was 99 μg/L), of moderate intake of iodine (Zhangwu, Liaoning Province, MUI was 338 μg/L) and of excessive intake of iodine (Huanghua, Hebei Province, MUI was 631 μg/L). The numbers of schoolchildren from each area selected to take part in a Chinese version of Raven‘ s Test were 190,236 and 313, respectively, and then 116, 110 and 112 of them were tested for thyroid function, thyroid autoantibody (TAA) and urinary iodine (Ul).Results There were no significant differences in the incidences of overt hyperthyroidism, subclinicalhyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism in Panshan, Zhangwu and Huanghua. But significantdifferences were found in the incidences of subclinical hypothyroidism (P=0.001 ) in these three areas. The incidences of subclinical hypothyroidism in Huanghua and Zhangwu were 4. 76 and 3.37 times higher than that in Panshan. TAP, were negative in all the schoolchildren with subclinicalhypot hyroidism except for one. No significant difference was found among the rates of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) in these three areas. Mean serumthyroglobulin (TG) value of Huanghua was markedly higher than those of the other two (P=0.02).Mean serum TG value of Zhangwu was higher than that of Panshan but the difference was not significant. Mean IQ value of the schoolchildren in Huanghua was markedly higher than that for Zhangwu (P=0.001). Mean IQ value of the schoolchildren in Panshan was lower than that of Huanghua and higher than that of Zhangwu but, again, the differences were not significant.Conclusions The increase of iodine intake may increase the risk for schoolchildren of subclinical hypothyroidism. In the area of iodine excess, most of the subclinical hypothyroidism cases are not of autoimmune origin. No obvious effect of excess iodine was found on mental development of schoolchildren.     

A case for universal salt iodisation to correct iodine deficiency in pregnancy: another salutary lesson from Tasmania

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of iodine fortification of bread on the iodine status of pregnant women, and to determine if studies of iodine levels in school-age children were indicative of women's gestational iodine status. DESIGN: Urinary iodine surveys of pregnant Tasmanian women before and after bread was fortified with iodine in October 2001. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 285 women attending the Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH) antenatal clinic from 1 October 2000 to 30 September 2001 and 517 women attending the RHH antenatal clinic or primary health care centres in 2003-2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for comparison against the World Health Organization recommendation of of 150-249 microg/L for pregnant women. RESULTS: Before supplementation, the median UIC of the 285 women attending the RHH antenatal clinic was 76 microg/L. After supplementation, median UICs were 81 microg/L for 288 women attending primary health care centres and 86 microg/L for 229 women attending the RHH antenatal clinic. Differences in mean UIC were not significant for either the antenatal clinic group (P=0.237) or the primary health care group (P=0.809) compared with the pre-supplementation group. CONCLUSIONS: Iodine deficiency in pregnancy persists despite being corrected in Tasmanian children. Successful iodine supplementation must target reproductive-age and pregnant women and be substantiated by ongoing monitoring during pregnancy and lactation. A robust national program for correcting iodine deficiency is urgently needed. Mandatory universal salt iodisation has international endorsement, and should be considered the preferred strategy for eliminating iodine deficiency in Australia.     

Neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in northern Sydney: further indications of mild iodine deficiency?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in a large sample of neonates meet World Health Organization criteria for an iodine-replete population (< 3% of neonates with whole-blood TSH concentrations > 5 mlU/L), and, in a small subset of neonates, to examine the correlation between maternal urinary iodine and neonatal TSH concentrations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of neonatal whole-blood TSH values obtained as part of a routine newborn screening program. SETTING: Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH) in northern Sydney. PARTICIPANTS: Two anonymous samples of neonates born at RNSH (1316 infants born between August 1998 and April 1999 and 1457 infants born between 1 March and 31 December 2000); and 84 infants whose mothers had attended RNSH between September 1998 and August 1999 and supplied a urine sample for iodine measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Iodine status of neonates (proportion with whole-blood TSH values > 5 mlU/L), and urine iodine concentrations of pregnant women. RESULTS: In the two large population samples of neonates, 8.1% (95% CI, 6.6%-9.5%) and 5.4% (95% Cl, 4.3%-6.6%), respectively, had whole-blood TSH values > 5 mlU/L (prevalence range for mild thyroid deficiency, 3%-19%). Comparing the TSH values of the 1316 anonymous infants and the 84 identified infants showed no difference between the proportions with TSH values > 5 mlU/L (8.1% v 10.7%, respectively; P = 0.39). Urine iodine concentrations in the 84 pregnant women indicated borderline mild iodine deficiency. TSH values in their 84 infants were positively correlated with maternal urine iodine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the population of northern Sydney may have mild iodine deficiency. However, the expected relationship between maternal urine iodine levels and neonatal TSH concentrations was not found.     

Iodine deficiency in ambulatory participants at a Sydney teaching hospital: is Australia truly iodine replete?

OBJECTIVE: To assess iodine status in four separate groups--pregnant women, postpartum women, patients with diabetes mellitus and volunteers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral hospital in Sydney. PARTICIPANTS: 81 pregnant women attending a "high risk" obstetric clinic; 26 of these same women who attended three months postpartum; 135 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes clinic for an annual complications screen; and 19 volunteers. There were no exclusion criteria. METHODS: Spot urine samples were obtained, and urinary iodine was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. OUTCOME MEASURES: Iodine status based on urinary iodine concentration categorised as normal (> 100 micrograms/L), mild deficiency (51-100 micrograms/L) and moderate to severe deficiency (< 50 micrograms/L). RESULTS: Moderate to severe iodine deficiency was found in 16 pregnant women (19.8%), five postpartum women (19.2%), 46 patients with diabetes (34.1%) and five volunteers (26.3%). Mild iodine deficiency was found in an additional 24 pregnant women (29.6%), nine postpartum women (34.6%), 51 patients with diabetes (37.8%) and 9 normal volunteers (47.4%). Median urinary iodine concentration was 104 micrograms/L in pregnant women, 79 micrograms/L in postpartum women, 65 micrograms/L in patients with diabetes mellitus and 64 micrograms/L in volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of iodine deficiency found in our participants suggests that dietary sources of iodine in this country may no longer be sufficient. Further population studies are required.     

Iodine deficiency as a cause of brain damage

This editorial reviews the impact of iodine deficiency (1) on thyroid function in pregnant women and neonates and (2) on the neurointellectual development of infants and children. All degrees of iodine deficiency (mild: iodine intake of 50-99 microg/day, moderate: 20-49 microg/day, and severe: <20 microg/day) affect thyroid function of the mother and the neonate as well as the mental development of the child. The damage increases with the degree of the deficiency, with overt endemic cretinism as the severest consequence. Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy is a key factor in the development of the neurological damage in the cretin. Selenium deficiency combined with iodine deficiency partly prevents the neurological damage but precipitates severe hypothyroidism in cretins. Iodine deficiency results in a global loss of 10-15 IQ points at a population level and constitutes the world's greatest single cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation.     

2009-2010年重庆市8～10岁儿童尿碘特征分析

目的了解重庆市碘营养状况,科学制定碘缺乏病防治对策。方法调查重庆市40个区县,每县随机抽取1所中心小学100名学生,采集尿液,采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘,计算中位数。结果检查8～10岁儿童尿碘4050人,尿碘中位数为246.00μg/L,碘含量≥100μg/L的尿样占88.07%。40个区县儿童尿碘中位数均大于100μg/L,中位数在100～300μg/L间33个,占82.5%;300μg/L以上7个,占17.5%。男女性别间及年龄间尿碘差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。渝西、渝东、渝东南3类地区儿童尿碘中位数分别为223.9、270.0和256.6μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经济欠发达和经济较好的2类地区以及榨菜生产和非榨菜生产2类地区儿童尿碘差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重庆市儿童碘营养状况良好,但部分地区和儿童可能存在碘营养过剩。     

THE MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATION OF TSH-IRMA LEVELS AMONG DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS IN AREAS WITH IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS

ＴＨＥＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＳＨ－ＩＲＭＡＬＥＶＥＬＳＡＭＯＮＧＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＡＧＥＧＲＯＵＰＳＩＮＡＲＥＡＳＷＩＴＨＩＯＤＩＮＥ　ＤＥＦＩＣＩＥＮＣＹ　ＤＩＳＯＲＤＥＲＳＳｈｉＬｉｘｉｎ（时立新）；ＳｈｉＺｈｏ...     

新疆南部碘缺乏病区儿童及育龄期妇女碘营养水平评价

目的 了解新疆南部碘缺乏病区儿童及育龄妇女碘营养状况,为进一步采取综合补碘防治措施提高依据.方法 按照国家十一五支撑课题《碘缺乏病防治技术的应用研究》设计书,对南部地区7县(市)碘缺乏病区特殊人群碘营养水平进行现况调查分析.结果 7县(市)居民碘盐中位数30.7 mg/kg,非碘盐率32.53％,碘盐覆盖率67.47％,碘盐合格率88.40％,居民合格碘盐食用率59.43％;甲状腺肿大率为17.71％,莎车县、英吉沙县接近或超过20.00％;智商水平为79.22,智力落后者占23.59％;8 ～ 10岁儿童尿碘中位数123.83μg/L,尿碘＜100μ g/L的占48.19％,＜50μg/L的占28.74％,育龄妇女尿碘中位数95.76μg/L,其中,新婚育龄妇女尿碘为94.15μg/L、孕妇100.04μg/L、哺乳期妇女90.234μg/L、领取生育证者89.14μg/L.结论 碘营养水平不足,是引起的甲状腺肿大率高、智力发育迟缓的根本原因,该次调查结果证实,新疆南部地区消除碘缺乏病形势依然十分严俊,只有坚持食用合格碘盐和落实特需人群的科学补碘措施,才能从根本上解决人群碘营养水平不足问题,实现新疆消除碘缺乏病目标.     

蚌埠市食用盐降碘前后儿童与孕妇碘营养状况调查

目的:调查居民食用盐降碘前后,蚌埠市儿童、孕妇的碘营养状况,为科学补碘、防治碘缺乏病提供依据.方法:选择食用盐降碘前后蚌埠市8~10岁学龄儿童及孕妇为研究对象,采集晨尿,采用WS/T107-2006尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定法进行尿碘水平测定.并采用GB/T 13025.7中直接滴定法,对采集的居民食用盐进行碘含量分析.结果:2012年、2014年蚌埠市居民食用盐碘合格率分别为95.84%、98.43%,合格碘盐食用率分别为95.51%、98.38%.降碘前后,蚌埠市8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数分别为307.6 μg/L、264.5 μg/L,孕妇为219.6 μg/L、182.9 μg/L,食用盐降碘后蚌埠市儿童和孕妇尿碘水平均较降碘前明显降低(P<0.01).结论:食用盐降碘后蚌埠市儿童尿碘水平虽有所降低,但尿碘中位数仍处于碘摄入超适宜范围,部分儿童存在碘摄入过量问题;降碘前后孕妇尿碘中位数则均处于碘适宜范围,部分孕妇存在碘摄入不足.     

海南省消除碘缺乏病监测分析

目的 及时掌握海南省碘缺乏病病情和人群碘营养状况,评价海南省食用碘盐消除碘缺乏病危害的效果。方法按照卫生部《全国第五次碘缺乏病监测实施意见》的要求,在2005年以居民户碘盐覆盖率、居民户碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率,8～10岁学龄儿童甲状腺肿大率、尿碘水平、智商水平、健康教育效果为评价指标。结果共调查1251名8岁～10岁学龄,碘盐食用率67．5％,非碘盐率32．5％,居民户碘盐合格率85．7％,合格碘盐食用率57．7％。甲状腺肿大率触诊法为8．0％,B超法为5．9％,尿碘中位数为92．2Ug／L,平均智商91．7;调查150名育龄妇女,尿碘中位数为71．9Ug/L;健康教育效果评估结果5年级学生组平均分为30．3分;育龄妇女组平均分为53．8分。结论海南省普及碘盐工作有所提高,居民户合格碘盐食用率与国家碘缺乏病消除标准仍有较大差距,海南省碘缺乏病防治工作依然严峻。     

不同碘摄入量对农村学龄儿童甲状腺疾病及智商水平的影响

目的 了解不同摄入量地区儿童甲状腺功能和智商水平,探讨高碘对儿童的影响。方法 在低碘报 量的辽宁盘山地区[尿碘中位数（MUI）为99μg/L],中度碘摄入量的辽宁彰武地区（MUI为338μg/L）,高碘摄入量的河北黄骅地区（MUI为631μg/L）分别选择190、236和313名儿童进行中国联合型瑞文智力测验,对其中的116、110和112名儿童进行甲状腺功能,甲头腺自身抗体（TAA）和尿碘测定。结果 盘山、武、黄骅地区临床甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）、亚临床甲亢和临床甲状腺功能减低症（甲减）患病率比较差异无显著意义,但是亚临床甲减的患病率差异有显著意义（P＝0.001）,黄骅和彰武亚临床甲减患病率分别是盘山的4.76倍和3.37倍,所有这些亚临床甲减病人血清TAA除1例阳性外,其他均为阴性。甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）和甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）阳性率3个地区之间比较差异无显著意义。黄骅地区血清甲状腺球蛋白（TG）值显著高于其他2个地区（P＝0.0157）,彰武高于盘山,但差异无显著意义。黄骅儿童智商值明显高于彰武（P＝0.0012）,盘山儿童智商值高于彰武,低于黄骅,但差异无显著意义。结论 高碘摄量使儿童患亚临床甲减的危险性增加,高碘地区儿童亚临床甲减多数是非自身免疫源性的。未发现高碘对儿童智力发育的影响。     

重庆市2010年碘缺乏病防治效果评估

目的了解重庆市居民食用盐碘含量及人群尿碘水平,以评价碘缺乏病防治效果。方法重庆市各区县按东西南北中随机抽取居民(40个区县共14 203户)食用盐检测含碘量;按东西南北中抽取5所小学4 050例8～10岁儿童尿样检查尿碘。结果共检测居民14 203户食用盐,合格碘盐食用率为96.04%,碘盐覆盖率为99.53%,碘盐合格率为96.49%,非碘盐率为0.47%;儿童尿样检测4 050例,尿碘中位数为247.20μg/L,300μg/L以上者占37.10%,尿碘中位数100～200μg/L的区县占25.00%(10/40),>200～300μg/L者占57.50%(23/40),>300μg/L者占17.50%(7/40)。结论全市盐碘、尿碘均实现了消除碘缺乏病目标要求,防治工作取得显著成效,但尿碘中位数偏高。     

2010年东方市碘缺乏病监测分析

目的了解东方市居民碘盐普及情况及碘缺乏病病情现况。方法在东方市3个碘盐覆盖率较低的乡镇开展8～10岁儿童碘缺乏病病情监测、育龄妇女尿碘监测,在全市开展居民碘盐食用情况监测。结果检测8～10岁儿童240人,触诊法检测甲状腺肿大率为3.75%,B超法检测甲状腺肿大率为0.00%;儿童尿碘中位数为134.4μg/L,育龄妇女尿碘中位数为157.8μg/,儿童智商分值96.6±14.5;碘盐覆盖率95.83%,较2007年提高了56.25个百分点,合格碘盐食用率95.14%,较2007年提高了58.33个百分点。结论东方市近几年来居民碘盐普及率的不断提高,儿童和育龄妇女碘营养水平均得到有效改善,儿童甲状腺肿下降到正常范围,下一步应继续保持和巩固普及碘盐消除碘缺乏病的政策措施。     

离子色谱法测定尿碘及其在流行病学调查研究中的应用

目的 建立离子色谱法测尿碘,以便能应用于流行病学调查研究.方法 选用ICS-2500型离子色谱仪、IonPac(R)AS7(4 mm×250 mm)分析柱和银电极,在直流安培模式下测尿碘.应用人群选择:有自理能力的广州尊老康乐协会50岁以上会员569名,测尿碘、甲状腺刺激素和游离甲状腺素,并调查甲状腺病病史.结果 (1)离子色谱峰面积与尿碘浓度呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9999,最低检出限约2.2 μg/L,变异系数3.16%～3.45%,平均回收率95.0%;(2)在467名合格的入选对象中,尿碘浓度呈正偏态分布,中位数为224.7 μg/L.结论 采用的离子色谱法测尿碘选择性好、灵敏、快速、可信、准确、稳定,应用于人群效果满意.