严重急性呼吸综合征治愈后患者的肺功能观察

目的　观察严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)治愈后病人的肺功能变化。方法　对 12例已治愈并出院 1个月左右的SARS患者进行肺功能测定并对结果进行分析。结果　 12例SARS治愈患者 ,男 3例 ,女 9例 ;年龄 2 1～ 62岁 ,平均 (3 1 0± 10 0 )岁 ;治愈出院时间 2 2～ 43d ,平均 (3 2 2±4 7)d ;肺功能结果 :肺活量 (VC) %预计值 (95 6± 19 0 ) % ;用力肺活量 (FVC) %预计值 (97 2±9 9) % ;第 1秒用力呼气容积 (FEV1) %预计值 (97 5± 9 8) % ;FEV1/FVC(85 9± 5 6) % ;TLC %预计值 (10 2 4± 10 4) % ;RV/TLC(3 2 6± 5 0 ) % ;RV %预计值 (116 8± 2 5 0 ) % ;DLCO %预计值 (73 6±10 9) %。结论　SARS治愈后患者通气功能基本正常 ,弥散功能轻度下降     

重症肺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征临床分析

为分析重症肺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)的临床特点并了解影响其预后的相关危险因素 ,初步探讨降低重症肺炎并发ARDS病死率的措施 ,分析 11例符合我国重症肺炎和ARDS诊断标准的重症肺炎合并ARDS患者的临床资料 ,并对病死组与治愈组的分布情况进行对比分析。结果 11例患者死亡 7例 ,治愈 4例 ,死亡组年龄 54 8± 4 9岁 ,治愈组年龄 4 2 4± 6 9岁 (P <0 0 1) ;机械通气前氧合指数病死组与治愈组分别为 14 2 4± 6 8、2 0 4 2± 52 (P <0 0 1)。提示 ,重症肺炎并发ARDS病情危重 ,病死率高 ( 6 3 6 % ) ,年龄和机械通气前氧和指数对预后有明显影响     

SARS患者T细胞和免疫球蛋白动态变化的研究

目的　研究传染性非典型肺炎 (SARS)患者免疫功能及其在病程中的变化。方法　用流式细胞仪测定 12 4例不同病程SARS患者外周血CD3+ 、CD4 + 和CD8+ T细胞计数 ,同时测定免疫球蛋白 ,另设 5 1例获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (AIDS)患者和 5 7名健康人为对照组 ;对SARS患者进行病程分组 ,比较不同病程免疫功能的变化。结果　SARS组CD3+ [(5 89± 4 35 )× 10 6/L]、CD4 + [(316± 2 6 7)× 10 6/L]和CD8+ T细胞 [(2 15± 16 5 )× 10 6/L]均显著低于健康对照组 [(116 3± 32 4 )× 10 6/L、(6 4 1±186 )× 10 6/L和 (4 0 5± 14 6 )× 10 6/L],但CD4 + T细胞高于AIDS组 [(15 3± 10 5 )× 10 6/L],CD3+ 和CD8+T细胞则低于AIDS组 [(112 2± 5 72 )× 10 6/L、(96 9± 5 4 6 )× 10 6/L](P值均 <0 0 1)。SARS组和AIDS组分别有 5 4例 (4 4 % )和 39例 (76 % )CD4 + T细胞 <2 0 0× 10 6/L。SARS患者外周血T细胞亚群计数在病程 10～ 12d达最低值。SARS组血清IgG(15 1g/L± 8 5g/L)和IgE(0 6g/L± 0 9g/L)水平高于健康对照组 (12 4g/L± 2 2g/L ,0 3g/L± 0 6g/L)。结论　SARS患者CD3+ 、CD4 + 及CD8+ T细胞均显著减少 ,病程 10～ 12d为最低值阶段。     

传染性非典型肺炎死亡危险因素分析

目的 分析山西省24例SARS死亡病例临床特征及导致死亡危险因素。方法 对2003-03-07～2003-06-04山西省24例SARS死亡病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 24例患者男13例(54．2％)，女11例(45．8％)；主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽、畏寒、气促等。实验室检查早期的白细胞计数、淋巴细胞百分比均下降。胸部X线显示肺部斑片状阴影。短期内病灶增多。7d内死亡3例(12．5％)，7～14d死亡11例(45．8％)，14d以上死亡10例(41．7％)。14例(58．3％)病人有基础疾病(共18例基础疾病)，其中4例(22．2％)糖尿病，3例(16．7％)脑血管病，3例(16．7％)心血管病，6例(33．3％)高血压，1例(5．6％)表皮松懈症，1例(5．6％)精神分裂症；7例(38．9％)同时合并2种或2种以上疾病。24例SARS死亡患者中16例死于急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)(66．7％)，ARDS并发多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)死亡5例(20．8％)，患者感染SARS后原有基础疾病加重导致死亡3例(12．5％)。多因素分析结果显示年龄大于50岁、缺乏心理治疗、早期淋巴细胞减少为死亡独立危险因素。结论 年龄大于50岁、早期淋巴细胞减少是SARS死亡独立危险因素；心理治疗是保护因素。     

重症急性呼吸综合征患者的临床特点及预后

目的 :了解重症急性呼吸综合征 (severeacuterespiratorysyndrome ,SARS)患者的临床特点和预后。方法 :对 2 0 0 3年 3～ 6月曾在我院住院的 10 4例SARS患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :10 4例患者中 ,男 37例 ,女 6 7例 ,年龄 15～ 79(41. 9± 14. 8)岁。家庭成员及医院内交叉感染为重要传染途径。98 1%的患者以发热为首发症状 ,发热日数平均 9 5± 4 8d ,但 2 0 . 2 %的患者病程 4～ 5周又出现一过性低热 ,其它症状包括疲乏 (91. 3% ) ,咳嗽 (78 .8% ) ,气短或呼吸困难 (5 6. 7% ) ,心悸 (30. 8% ) ,腹泻 (18. 3% ) ,ARDS(11. 5 % ) ,实验室检查示白细胞计数 <4 0× 10 9/L占 33 6 % ,淋巴细胞计数 <1 0× 10 .9/L为 5 0 .0 % ,ALT、AST增高 2 5 . 0 % ,CK增高 19 2 % ,LDH增高 36 5 %。ECG示 17 3%的患者ST -T异常 ,窦性心动过缓 7 7% ,胸X线片或肺CT示所有患者均有肺部阴影 ,多位于中下肺野 ,单发阴影 15 . 4 % ,单侧多发阴影9 6 % ,双侧多发阴影 75 . 0 %。 92. 3%的患者使用肾上腺皮质激素治疗 ,36 5 %使用无创机械通气 ,2 %行有创机械通气治疗。死亡 11例 (10 . 6 % )。结论 :SARS患者临床特点以呼吸系统为主的多系统损害。影像学改变主要为双肺中下野多发斑片状阴影。病死率 10 %     

32例严重急性呼吸道综合症与肺结核的临床对比分析

目的 :旨在探讨严重急性呼吸道综合症 (severeacuterespiratorysyndrome ,SARS)患者的临床特点。方法 :对 2 0 0 3年 3月 10日至 2 0 0 3年 6月 2 5日收治的 32例SARS患者的临床资料及 2 0 0 2年 12月至 2 0 0 3年 3月收治的 35例痰菌阳性肺结核患者的流行病学及临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果 :32例SARS患者中 15例 (4 7% )有明确的SARS接触史 ,均起病急 ,发热多以高热为主 (39℃～ 4 0℃ )占 10 0 % ,咳嗽占 5 6 % ,气促占4 4% ,咳痰占 2 2 % ,咯血占 4 % ,乏力占 6 % ,四肢酸痛占 6 % ,畏寒占 2 5 % ,无 1例胸痛。而肺结核发热以低热为主 (37 5℃～ 38℃ )占 75 % ,咳嗽占 91% ,咳痰占 80 % ,乏力占 89% ,气促占 2 6 % ,有明显的盗汗占 83% ,胸痛占4 9 %。实验室检查SARS患者白细胞低于 4 0× 10 9/L者 8例 ,淋巴细胞绝对值低于 1 0× 10 9/L者 12例 (38% ) ,SARS患者 18人做血沉均正常 (16例SARS患者未做 )。 1∶5 0 0 0浓度PPD C ,SARS患者 2 0例阴性 (6 3% ) ,5mm～ 10mm者 10例 (31% ) ,10mm～ 2 0mm者 2例 (6 % )。肺结核患者白细胞仅 2例低于 4 0× 10 9/L ,淋巴细胞绝对值 2例低于 1 0× 10 9/L ,血沉异常者 31例 (89% )。肺结核PPD C强阳性者 2 8例 (80 % ) ,10mm～ 2 0mm4例 (11% )。X     

重症传染性非典型肺炎人工通气12例分析

目的　分析施行人工通气的重症传染性非典型肺炎 (SARS)患者的临床表现及治疗策略 ,为重症SARS的诊断和治疗提供依据。方法　总结 12例重症SARS患者的临床资料 ,全部患者均经鼻气管插管进行有创人工通气治疗 ,其中 9例经规范的无创通气治疗 ( 3～ 66h)失败后改用有创通气 ;全部患者均接受甲基强的松龙治疗 ,其中 6例剂量为 5 0 0mg/d ,其余为 2 40～ 3 2 0mg/d ;在疾病的不同阶段经验性应用大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类及头孢类抗生素。结果　12例患者平均通气时间为 ( 10 7± 5 4)d ,通气前均有低氧血症 ,通气后氧合指数 (OI)上升 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;8例患者成功撤机 ,4例死亡。结论　及时进行有创人工通气可提高重症SARS患者的抢救成功率 ,起病时即出现肺部浸润并急剧进展、嗜中性白细胞分类增高及早期出现血痰者 ,提示病情严重 ,应严密监护 ,适时进行有创人工通气并在胸片急剧进展期应用大剂量皮质激素可能有助于改善重症患者的预后     

河南省传染性非典型肺炎病例临床分析

目的 :分析河南省传染性非典型肺炎 (SARS)的临床特点 ,并对其诊断和治疗方法进行探讨。方法 :对2 0 0 3年 4月至 2 0 0 3年 6月河南省收治的 1 5例SARS患者的症状、体征、实验室检查、影像学资料及治疗进行回顾性分析。结果 :1 5例传染性非典型肺炎患者男 :女为 1 :1 .5 ,年龄 2 0～ 5 3岁 , x±s(34.4± 9.9)岁。有明确流行病学接触史 1 1例 (73.3% )。潜伏期 4～ 1 0d , x±s(6 .6± 1 .7)d。主要症状包括 :发热 1 5例 (1 0 0 % ) ,乏力 1 3例 (87.6 % ) ,咳嗽 1 2例 (80 % ) ,呼吸困难 1 0例 (6 6 .7% ) ,畏寒或寒颤 5例 (33.3% ) ,咳痰 3例 (2 0 % )。体征包括 :呼吸增快 7例 (4 6 .7% ) ,紫绀 4例 (2 6 .7% )。WBC >1 0 .0× 1 0 9L-1 2例 (1 3.3% ) ,(4 .0～ 1 0 .0 )× 1 0 9L-1 1 1例 (73.4 % ) ,<4 .0× 1 0 9L-12例 (1 3.3% ) ,淋巴细胞计数≤ 1 .0× 1 0 9L-1 9例 (6 0 % ) ,(1 .0～ 2 .0 )× 1 0 9L-1 3例 (2 0 % ) ,>2 .0× 1 0 9L-1 3例(2 0 % )。首次胸部X线片示病变累及双侧肺叶 9例 (6 0 % )、单侧多叶 6例 (4 0 % ) ,病变发展到高峰时间 4～ 1 4d , x±s(7.7± 3.2 )d、病变开始吸收时间 6～ 2 1d , x±s(1 1 .3± 4 .1 )d、病变完全或基本吸收时间 8～ 2 6d , x±s(1 6 .4± 5 .0 )     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者抗病毒药物的应用

目的 :探讨严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)治疗过程中抗病毒药物的应用。方法 :对收治的 2 4例 SARS患者均应用抗病毒药物利巴韦林 ,其中 10例患者合并使用抗菌药物 ,7例合并使用糖皮质激素。利巴韦林静脉滴注 5 0 0 m g,1次 / d,合并应用激素者剂量适当加大 ,出现消化道症状者 2周后停药或减量 ;平均剂量为 (4 5 0± 70 .8) mg/ d。结果 :经上述药物治疗后所有患者临床症状均明显改善 ,无 1例患者发生呼吸衰竭 ,仅有 2例患者出现食欲下降。用药后 PL T由 (2 2 2 .79± 5 6 .36 )× 10 9/ L升至 (2 5 4 .13± 5 0 .0 4 )× 10 9/ L,HCT由 (0 .39± 0 .0 4 )升至 (0 .4 0± 0 .0 4 ) ,均无统计学差异。 结论 :以利巴韦林为主的抗病毒疗法 ,合并应用抗菌药物、糖皮质激素等 ,可有效治疗 SARS患者 ,无明显不良作用     

冠心病住院患者情绪障碍的现患率观察

目的 :调查武汉 2所综合性医院心内科冠心病住院病人中情绪抑郁及焦虑的患病率 ,探讨预防措施。方法 :连续性录入二个月内以“冠心病”诊断住院病人共 10 5例 ,于急性冠脉事件发生 7d内实施标准化《医院抑郁及焦虑情绪量表》 (HADS)问卷调查 (自答式 )并评分 ,记录相关一般人类学、社会心理行为因素、心血管危险因子以及临床医学数据 ,并进行单因素分析确定相关因子。结果 :10 5例患者中 ,男性 83例 ,女性 2 2例 ,M /F =3 77,平均年龄 :男性 6 1 80± 10 5 7岁 ,女性 6 2 2 3± 10 5 0岁 (F =0 0 2 9,P =0 86 )。 4 0 %患者合并抑郁 ,HADS D均分 10 0 2± 2 86 ;4 3 8%患者合并焦虑 ,HADS A均分 9 15± 2 5 2 ;合并两项情绪异常者 36人 ,占 34 3% ,HADS T均分达 19 4 2± 4 38 结论 :冠心病住院病人中抑郁及焦虑患病率高 ,对冠心病预后极为不利 ,及时诊断及有效干预措施的实施应该引起心血管临床关注。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.