Esophageal adenocarcinoma after laparoscopic gastric band placement for obesity

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of esophageal malignancy. We report a case of the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma after placement of an adjustable gastric band for obesity. A 66‐year‐old male was referred to our clinic for findings of an obstructing mass at the gastroesophageal junction after previously undergoing a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band placement. Investigations confirmed a locally advanced poorly differentiated esophageal adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent chemotherapy and gastric band removal with improvement of his dysphagia. However, his disease progressed and he died of metastatic disease. We discuss the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma after gastric banding procedure.     

Endoscopic removal of eroded bands in vertical banded gastroplasty: a novel use of endoscopic scissors (with video)

BACKGROUND: Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) as a surgical therapy for morbid obesity was first described in 1982. VBG involves partitioning the stomach with a vertical staple line and restricting the outlet pouch with a Gortex band. Complications of VBG include partial and total erosion of the band through the vertical staple line or through the lesser curvature into the gastric pouch. Band erosion occurs after surgery in 1% to 3% of patients, and patients may present with symptoms of obstruction, weight gain, nausea, pain, and bleeding. Unless a band has freely eroded from the stomach wall, allowing spontaneous elimination or simple endoscopic retrieval, surgical removal has been required heretofore. Previous attempts at endoscopic removal of eroded bands have included the use of neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser ablation and other electrosurgical devices. Endoscopic scissors transection to remove an eroded laparoscopic band has been described in Europe but has not been performed in the United States. OBJECTIVE: In this series, we describe the endoscopic removal of partially eroded bands embedded in the gastric wall by using flexible endoscopic scissors to sever and subsequently withdraw the bands endoscopically through the mouth. CONCLUSIONS: Eroded gastric bands have been safely removed endoscopically in 2 ambulatory outpatients. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary-care academic center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy and safety. LIMITATIONS: Highly selected motivated patient population.     

Over-the-scope clip closure of two chronic fistulas after gastric band penetration

Gastrointestinal perforations are conservatively managed at endoscopy by through-the-scope endoclips and covered self expandable stents, according to the size and tissue features of the perforation. This is believed to be the first report of successful closure of two gastrocutaneous fistulas with over-the-scope clips (OTSCs). After laparoscopic gastric banding, a 45-year old woman presented with band erosion and penetration. Despite surgical band removal and gastric wall suturing, external drainage of enter...     

GASTRIC LIPOMA SUCCESSFULLY REMOVED BY LAPAROSCOPIC INTRAGASTRIC SURGERY

Lipomas are found very rarely in the stomach, where they account for only 3% of benign gastric tumors. Here, we report a case of large gastric lipoma removed successfully by laparoscopic intragastric surgery. A 45‐year‐old woman with no symptoms was incidentally diagnosed with a yellowish submucosal gastric tumor, about 3 cm in diameter, in the prepyloric antrum by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Pathological findings of biopsy specimens showed no evidence of malignancy. Computed tomography showed an ovoid and well‐circumscribed intramural mass, measuring 35 mm, which was of fat density. These findings suggested that the tumor was a lipoma that we felt should be treated, because large lipomas can give rise to gastrointestinal bleeding. We performed a laparoscopic intragastric enucleation for this tumor. Postoperatively, the tumor was confirmed pathologically to be a lipoma of the stomach. This laparoscopic procedure for benign non‐epithelial gastric tumors, such as lipomas, presented here is technically feasible, safe, and less stressful for the patient than gastrectomy.     

Isolated splenic metastases from gastric carcinoma:A case report and literature review

Isolated metastases to the spleen from gastric carcinoma is very rare.Only a few cases have been reported in the literature.We herein present a case of isolated splenic metastases in a 62-year-old man,occurring 12 mo after total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma.The patient underwent a laparoscopic exploration,during which two lesions were found at the upper pole of the spleen,without involvement of other organs.A laparoscopic splenectomy was performed.Histological examination confirmed that the splenic tumor was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma similar to the primary gastric lesion.The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has been well for 9 mo,with no tumor recurrence.The clinical data of 18 cases of isolated splenic metastases from gastric carcinoma treated by splenectomy were summarized after a literature review.To our knowledge,this is the first reported case of isolated splenic metastases undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy.     

应用腹腔镜治疗外科急腹症150例报告

本文报告应用腹腔镜技术治疗外科急腹症１５０例，其中９２例急性胆囊炎完成腹腔镜下胆囊切除术８１例，５０例急性阑尾炎完成腹腔镜下阑尾切除术４４例，胃、十二指肠球部溃疡穿孔腹腔镜修补５例，脾破裂、粘连性肠梗阻、原发性腹膜炎各１例腹腔镜手术均获成功。完成腹腔镜手术者术后恢复快，并发症少，取得了较满意的效果，本文介绍了腹腔镜治疗多种急腹症的操作要点及技巧，并提出急腹症行急诊腹腔镜探查的指征。     

Laparoscopic wedge resection of synchronous gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and stromal tumor: a case report

Synchronous occurrence of epithelial neoplasia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)in the stomach is uncommon.Only rare cases have been reported in the literature.We present here a 60-year-old female case of synchronous occurrence of gastric high-level intraepithelial neoplasia and GIST with the features of 22 similar cases and detailed information reported in the Englishlanguage literature summarized.In the present patient,epithelial neoplasia and GIST were removed en bloc by laparoscopic wedge resection.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first reported case treated by laparo-scopic wedge resection.     

超声内镜对胃异位胰腺的诊断及治疗价值

目的 探讨超声内镜(EUS)对胃异位胰腺的诊断及治疗价值.方法 收集本院2009年3月至2011年8月经普通胃镜及超声内镜检出的32例胃异位胰腺患者,分析异位胰腺的EUS图像特征,对其行内镜下皮圈套扎联合高频电切除术,评价其疗效.结果 胃异位胰腺在EUS下表现为隆起型病变,可发生于胃壁超声结构任何一层或多层,以黏膜下层多见,呈低、中或混合回声.其中22例行皮圈套扎后高频电切除,无明显并发症,17例内镜复查无复发.2例行内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR),1例行黏膜剥离术(ESD),7例未予处理.结论 EUS对异位胰腺有重要的诊断价值,内镜下皮圈套扎后高频电切除治疗简单、经济、安全、有效,值得临床推广.     

内镜辅助腹腔镜剥离切除术治疗胃窦体固有肌层肿瘤的初步应用

目的评价一种新的胃镜腹腔镜联合方法治疗胃窦体固有肌层肿瘤的临床疗效。方法2013年1月至2014年4月,选择8例胃窦体固有肌层肿瘤,术前超声内镜诊断肿物起源固有肌层,黏膜层良好,胃窦体前壁4例、后壁2例、胃体小网膜囊内1例、胃体大网膜下1例。病变大小1．5～3．5cm,平均（2．4±0．7）cm。先在腹腔镜下分离显露病变,后在内镜进行病变黏膜下注射,最后由腹腔镜剥离切除病变并保留黏膜。随访观察手术情况和治疗效果。结果所有患者成功完成内镜辅助腹腔镜剥离切除,无出血、感染和死亡病例。术后病理证实间质瘤6例,神经纤维瘤2例。所有患者随访6个月后胃黏膜未见异常,胃壁蠕动正常,无复发。结论内镜辅助腹腔镜剥离切除技术是胃窦体固有肌层肿物重要的安全有效的治疗方法,具有操作简便、损伤小、并发症少的优点。     

Stoma obstruction after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for morbid obesity: report of two cases and treatment options

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band is one of the surgical options available for morbid obesity in the current century. Its popularity is gained by its proven efficacy with a reported low incidence of the intraoperative as well as the postoperative complications. Stomal obstruction post‐laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) has been under reported in the English literature. We report this complication in two patients and discuss two different simple modalities of treatment. Post‐LAGB complications are numerous, dealing with their complications have a steeping curve. Educating the patients postoperatively in regard to food ingestion manner is a must and should prevent such complication.     

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS‐ASSOCIATED GASTRIC ULCERS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS

Gastric ulceration is a rare manifestation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the immunocompromised host. Two cases with CMV‐associated gastric ulcers in immunocompromised patients are reported. Case 1 involved a 65‐year‐old male who underwent a cadaveric renal transplantation because of chronic renal failure. He was treated with immunosuppressive agents and steroids. After 3 months of the treatment, he developed CMV‐associated gastric ulcers with evidence of CMV inclusion bodies, CMV antigen and CMV–DNA in the gastric ulcers. After three courses of ganciclovir therapy for 5 months, endoscopic images revealed complete healing of the gastric ulcers. This case supports the use of ganciclovir, which can lead to complete healing of gastric ulcers caused by CMV. Case 2 involved a 69‐year‐old male with interstitial pneumonia who was admitted to hospital because of rapid progression of interstitial pneumonia. He was treated with repeated pulses of methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. He developed CMV‐associated gastric ulcers with evidence of CMV inclusion bodies, CMV antigen and CMV–DNA in the gastric ulcers after 1 month of the treatment with high doses of methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. Endoscopic images revealed multiple ulcers and erosions in the gastric antrum. Ganciclovir treatment was started, but he died of interstitial pneumonia. In this case, the ulcers were considered to be precipitated by CMV infection and the use of a high dose methylprednisolone. These cases emphasize the need for a careful histological examination for CMV in gastric ulcers in immunocompromised patients.     

Use of a lead shield for laparoscopic detection of the sentinel lymph nodes in gastric cancer

Background: Accurate staging of lymph node metastasis by sentinel node biopsy is easily achieved in conventional open gastric surgery. Staging is not easily achieved in laparoscopic surgery, however, because of the technical dif?culty in identifying sentinel nodes. We developed a laparoscopic method that involves lead shielding for detection of sentinel nodes in gastric cancer and examined the ef?cacy of this method. Methods: Laparoscopic sentinel node biopsy was performed in 18 patients with early gastric cancer. A combined dye‐ and radio‐guided method was used in the ?rst 10 patients; our radio‐guided lead shield method was used in the subsequent eight cases. Laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy was performed in all patients, and dissected nodes were examined by routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. The detection rate was compared between the two groups. Results: The detection rate for sentinel nodes was higher with the radio‐guided lead shield method (88%) than with the combined dye‐ and radio‐guided method (40%). Regional lymph node metastasis was recognized in one of 18 patients, and the sentinel node was positive in this case. Conclusions: Use of a lead shield is bene?cial for accurate laparoscopic detection of sentinel lymph nodes.     

CURRENT STATUS AND EVALUATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR GASTRIC CANCER

Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer was developed in Japan and has been established as a treatment for early gastric cancer thanks not only to improvements in technology and medical equipment but also to great efforts made by surgeons. With increasing numbers of surgeons performing the procedure and extending its indication to some advanced gastric cancers, it has achieved an important position in the treatment of gastric cancer together with endoscopic mucosal resection and open surgery. In clinical practice, it has been accepted as a safe, minimally invasive and radical treatment for early gastric cancer through several clinical studies and case–control studies. A large‐scale randomized controlled trial to evaluate laparoscopic gastrectomy as an acceptable procedure for early gastric cancer is being prepared. In order to extend the indication to some advanced gastric cancers, first, we need to collect more cases of laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced cancer and start a phase II study in the experienced hospitals.     

Successful Endoscopic Band Ligation for Treatment of Postpolypectomy Hemorrhage

We describe a case of large pedunculated tubulovillous adenoma of the stomach associated with postpolypectomy hemorrhage, which was successfully treated by endoscopic band ligation. The case study involved a 60‐year‐old Japanese woman with a pedunculated polyp with a slightly lobular surface, measuring 25 mm in diameter. It was detected on the posterior wall of the middle body of the gastric remnant. The lesion was diagnosed as a tubulovillous adenoma by a biopsy specimen and treated by endoscopic polypectomy using the detachable snare to prevent postpolypectomy hemorrhage. There was no episode of immediate postpolypectomy hemorrhage, but hematemesis occured 18 h after the excision. Endoscopic examination of the stomach showed the mark left by bleeding on the cutting surface and the absence of the detachable snare. Endoscopic intervention by rubber band ligation was performed to prevent the recurrent bleeding. Complete hemostasis was obtained and no serious complications occured.     

Laparoscopic ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical significance of a newly developed laparoscopic sector ultrasonic probe

Background: Although a laparoscopic approach for local ablation plays an important role in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) near the liver surface, precise targeting ablation has been difficult using a conventional linear ultrasonic probe. We have recently developed a sector ultrasonic probe with a guiding tract for precisely targeting tumors. Methods: Since 1996, 349 HCC cases have been treated with either microwave or radiofrequency ablation. A percutaneous approach was selected in 298 cases, and a laparoscopic approach was selected in 51 cases. The laparoscopic approach was selected in the cases in which serious complications due to the tumors being located on the surface or protruding from the liver, or adjacent to the gallbladder or intestine made it difficult to treat percutaneously. In the latest 21 cases, the sector ultrasonic probe was used. Results: All the cases were safely and successfully treated by laparoscopic ablation with an exception by an extensive HCC case with portal vein tumor thrombus. Survival after the treatment by laparoscopic ablation was 95.2% in 1 year, and 82.4% in 3 years. The tumor stage was a significant prognostic factor (P < 0.0001). There was no local recurrence within 6 months of treatment in the successfully treated cases. The use of the sector probe widened indications for the laparoscopic approach for treating HCC. Conclusion: Laparoscopic ablation can result in a satisfactory outcome in difficult‐to‐treat cases by the percutaneous approach. The newly developed sector ultrasonic probe has allowed us more therapeutic choices in the treatment of HCC.     

Fever as a first manifestation of advanced gastric adenosquamous carcinoma:A case report

Gastric adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is a rare type of gastric cancer.It is a mixed neoplasm,consisting of glandular cells and squamous cells.It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage,thus carrying a poor prognosis.We describe a case of a 73-year-old male,who presented with refractory fever and an intra-abdominal mass on imaging.He underwent a laparoscopic exploration followed by a successful totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.Postoperative pathology revealed primary gastric ASC(T4aN0M0).The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with S1 and is alive 20mo after surgery without recurrence.This is the first case of advanced gastric ASC with fever as the initial presentation treated with totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy reported in the English literature.     

Hidden in the heart: A peculiar type of left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction

We reported an unusual case of left ventricular pouch, in a 72‐year‐old man who had an acute coronary syndrome treated with percutaneous revascularization. The echocardiogram showed a sort of pouch, delimited by epicardium and endocardium, confirmed by 3D echo. This finding appeared as an echo free area, with a really slight color flow inside. We consequently supposed it would be a dissecting hematoma, a rare complication of the ischemic disease, due to the rupture of the intramyocardial vessels among the spiral myocardial fibers. This would produce a hemorrhagic pouch contained by epicardial and endocardial layers, which could evolve into mural thrombi.     

Surgical treatment of morbid obesity: role of the gastroenterologist

AIM: Obesity is an increasing medical problem with associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders and many others. The chance to develop co-morbidity is related to the body mass index (BMI) (weight in kg divided by height in metres2) and increases exponentially when the BMI is above 40 (morbid obesity). Permanently effective treatment of morbid obesity is necessary to prevent the development of co-morbidities and to improve the life expectancy of these patients. To date, surgical intervention is the only treatment that can provide the required long-lasting reduction of the excess weight. DISCUSSION: Two types of surgical intervention are currently used, restrictive (including vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and adjustable gastric banding) and malabsorptive procedures (gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion (BPD)). These interventions effectively reduce weight, with on average a permanent reduction of the excess weight by 60% after gastric restrictive procedures. However, long-term follow-up has shown that up to 30-40% of patients require additional surgical interventions to maintain the acquired weight loss. Long-term failures are dependent on the primary intervention. After VBG the most common problems are occlusion of the outlet by a foreign body, vertical staple line disruption, band stenosis and band erosion. For the adjustable silicone gastric band outlet problems similar to the VBG, band erosion and particularly pouch dilation or slippage have been reported. Failure of the gastric bypass are mainly due to stenosis of the gastro-jejunostomy and stoma ulcers, whereas BPD mainly has metabolic long-term complications. CONCLUSION: The gastroenterologist has an important role in the diagnosis (stoma stenosis, band erosion, staple line disruption, foreign body) and treatment (dilatation, removal of foreign body) of the complications associated with surgical procedures for morbid obesity. In light of the increasing number of procedures performed, a basic knowledge of the currently used techniques and the associated complications is important.     

Laparoscopic repair of hiatal hernia with mesenterioaxial volvulus of the stomach

Although mesenterioaxial gastric volvulus is an uncommon entity characterized by rotation at the transverse axis of the stomach, laparoscopic repair procedures have still been controversial. We reported a case of mesenterioaxial intrathoracic gastric volvulus, which was successfully treated with laparoscopic repair of the diaphragmatic hiatal defect using a polytetrafluoroethylene mesh associated with Toupet fundoplication. A 70-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of...     

腹腔镜盆底修复直肠悬吊联合痔上粘膜环切术治疗直肠粘膜内脱垂的长期疗效评价

目的评价腹腔镜盆底修复直肠悬吊联合痔上粘膜环切术治疗直肠粘膜内脱垂的长期临床疗效。 方法2008年2月至2009年9月选择接受治疗的直肠粘膜内脱垂患者98例,根据采用手术方式的不同分为2组,A组(n＝52)实施痔上粘膜环切术,B组(n＝46)实施腹腔镜盆底修复直肠悬吊联合痔上粘膜环切术。在术前、术后的1年、3年、5年分别对2组患者便秘程度及术后临床疗效、复发例数、并发症情况进行评价。 结果术后5年B组便秘程度并未逐渐加重,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组复发例数与A组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组I－III级并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论腹腔镜盆底修复直肠悬吊联合痔上粘膜环切术治疗直肠粘膜内脱垂长期疗效确切,是一种安全的术式,具有创新性。