四川绵阳部分人群甲、乙、丙和戊型肝炎病毒感染血清学调查

目的 了解健康人群肝炎病毒感染现状.方法 采用ELISA方法检测体检人群血清中抗甲(HAV-IgG)、乙(HBsAg和HBsAb)、丙(HCV-IgG)和戊型肝炎病毒抗体(HEV-IgG和IgM).人群血清均收集于2007年.结果 1352份人群血清肝炎病毒抗体阳性率,HAV-IgG为81,07%(1096/1352),HBsAg和HBsAb为5.4%(73/1352)和61.32%(829/1352),HCV-IgG为0.37%(5/1352),HEV-IgG为49.26%(666/1352).不同年龄段的人群HAV-IgG阳性率,10～19岁组为38.21%,20～29岁组为83%,30～39岁组为88%,40岁以上各年龄组为95.03%～97.77%.HBsAg和HBsAb阳性率,各年龄组依次为5.65%和50.83%、10.0%和68.0%、5.20%和78.80%、5.97%和78.11%、6.50%和62.50%、1.12%和51.40%、4.96%和30.58%.HCV-IgG阳性总数5份,其中10～19岁组1份,阳性率占0.33%,30～39岁组2份,占0.80%,60～69岁1份占0.56%,≥70岁1份占0.83%.HEV-IgG阳性率,10～19岁为26.58%,20～29岁组为42.0%,30岁以上各年龄组阳性率为55.22%～61.0%.对HEV-IgG阳性者再检测HEV-IgG,总阳性率为10.06%(53/527),各年龄组均有阳性者.结论 青少年HAV和HBsAb抗体低于人群总体水平,应及时加强免疫预防.人群HBsAg和HCV感染率与往年相比下降明显.HEV感染率随年龄增长而升高,特别是各年龄段均有新近感染者,应加强餐饮和公共卫生管理.     

我国汉、回和藏族部分人群HEV感染的血清学调查

目的 了解我国不同民族的健康人群戊型肝炎病毒感染情况.方法 采用ELISA方法检测人群血清中戊型肝炎病毒(戊肝,HEV)IgG抗体.汉族人群血清分别来自于四川、北京、黑龙江和山东,回族和藏族人群血清来自于甘肃、宁夏和青海,总共10 448份血清采集于2006 -2008年.结果 七省市人群HEV抗体总阳性率为17.97％(1878/10 448).汉、回和藏不同民族人群HEV抗体阳性率分别为24.32％ (1794/7376)、3.59％(81/2258)和0.37％(3/814).不同地区人群HEV抗体阳性率分布,四川、北京、黑龙江和山东汉族人群阳性率分别为27.45％、20.30％、22.89％和22.68％,甘肃汉和回族分别为24.63％( 184/747)和6.12％( 77/1258),宁夏回族和青海藏族分别0.40％和0.37％.汉回藏不同民族各年龄组人群HEV感染分布,汉族各年龄组人群HEV抗体阳性率,在≤10岁年龄组为5.19％,11～20岁组为11.64％,21 ～ 30岁组为20.08％,31 ～ 40岁组为34.17％,41 ～50岁为41.75％,51 ～60岁组为48.58％,≥61岁组为57.43％.回族人群各年龄组人群HEV抗体阳性率依次为3.11％,3.96％,2.11％,3.98％,2.52％,4.57％和6.67％.藏族人群3份阳性者分布在21～30岁组、31 ～40岁组和51 ～60岁组各1份,阳性率为0.63％、0.58％和1.01％.结论 汉族人群戊肝病毒感染明显高于回族和藏族,感染率随年龄增长而升高.回藏族人群HEV抗体阳性率低下,应加强对HEV感染的监测.     

我国六省市(区)部分人群丙型肝炎病毒感染调查

目的 了解我国健康人群丙型肝炎病毒感染现状.方法 采用北京万泰生物药业的HCV EIA诊断试剂检测人群血清丙型肝炎病毒(丙肝,HCV)IgG抗体.结果 六省市(区)人群血清共9 538份,HCV抗体阳性数37份,总阳性率为0.39％,其中北京人群阳性率0.23％,黑龙江人群为0.74％,山东人群为0.26％,宁夏人群为0.10％,甘肃和四川人群阳性率均为0.44％.对37例HCV阳性者性别及年龄分析,男性19例占51.35％,女性18例占48.65％,＜10岁年龄组1例,占2.70％,10～19岁组5例,占13.51％,20～29岁4例占10.81％,30～39岁组6例,占16.22％,40～49岁组9例,占24.32％,≥50岁有12例占32.43％.对HCV阳性者重叠其他型别肝炎病毒感染分析,单独HCV阳性2例,占5.41％,伴有HAV-IgG抗体阳性35例,占94.59％,伴有HEV-IgG抗体阳性10例,占27.03％,伴有HBsAg、HBcAb和HbeAb阳性者2例,占5.41％,该2例HAV和HEV抗体也阳性.结论 六省市(区)人群HCV感染率均在1％以下,感染者年龄以50岁以上最高,决大多数HCV阳性者重叠有其他型别的肝炎病毒感染.     

我国六省市（区）部分人群丙型肝炎病毒感染调查

目的 了解我国健康人群丙型肝炎病毒感染现状.方法 采用北京万泰生物药业的HCV EIA诊断试剂检测人群血清丙型肝炎病毒（丙肝,HCV）IgG抗体.结果 六省市（区）人群血清共9 538份,HCV抗体阳性数37份,总阳性率为0.39％,其中北京人群阳性率0.23％,黑龙江人群为0.74％,山东人群为0.26％,宁夏人群为0.10％,甘肃和四川人群阳性率均为0.44％.对37例HCV阳性者性别及年龄分析,男性19例占51.35％,女性18例占48.65％,＜10岁年龄组1例,占2.70％,10～19岁组5例,占13.51％,20～29岁4例占10.81％,30～39岁组6例,占16.22％,40～49岁组9例,占24.32％,≥50岁有12例占32.43％.对HCV阳性者重叠其他型别肝炎病毒感染分析,单独HCV阳性2例,占5.41％,伴有HAV-IgG抗体阳性35例,占94.59％,伴有HEV-IgG抗体阳性10例,占27.03％,伴有HBsAg、HBcAb和HbeAb阳性者2例,占5.41％,该2例HAV和HEV抗体也阳性.结论 六省市（区）人群HCV感染率均在1％以下,感染者年龄以50岁以上最高,决大多数HCV阳性者重叠有其他型别的肝炎病毒感染.     

北京地区部分人群接触密切的家畜(禽)戊型肝炎病毒感染血清学调查

目的 了解北京地区戊型肝炎(戊肝)病毒感染现状.方法 采用EIA诊断试剂检测人群、猪和鸡血清中戊肝病毒(HEV)抗体.结果 1208份人群血清中有260份HEV-IgG抗体阳性,总阳性率为21.52%,对260份HEV IgG阳性血进行IgM抗体检测,有22份阳性,占8.46%.32份猪血清中有15份阳性,阳性率为46.88%,34份鸡血清HEV抗体全部为阴性.人群不同年龄组HEV抗体阳性率依次为11～20岁为5.60%(14/250),21～30岁为20%(42/210),31～40岁为24.03%(62/258),41～50岁为26.44%(78/295),51～60岁为32.82%(64/195),男女不同性别HEV感染率比较,男性阳性率为29.51%(144/488),女性为21.70%(102/470).结论 北京地区人群和与人接触密切的家畜猪均存在戊肝病毒感染,人群戊肝病毒感染率随年龄增长而升高,尤其是男性戊肝病毒感染率明显高于女性,郊区流动人群戊肝病毒感染率明显高于市内人群,家畜猪感染率是人群的2倍以上.     

我国汉、回和藏族部分人群HEV感染的血清学调查

目的了解我国不同民族的健康人群戊型肝炎病毒感染情况。方法采用ELISA方法检测人群血清中戊型肝炎病毒（戊肝,HEV）IgG抗体。汉族人群血清分别来自于四川、北京、黑龙江和山东,回族和藏族人群血清来自于甘肃、宁夏和青海,总共10448份血清采集于2006—2008年。结果七省市人群HEV抗体总阳性率为17．97％（1878／10448）。汉、回和藏不同民族人群HEV抗体阳性率分别为24．32％（1794／7376）、3．59％（81／2258）和0．37％（3／814）。不同地区人群HEV抗体阳性率分布,四川、北京、黑龙江和山东汉族人群阳性率分别为27．45％、20．30％、22．89％和22．68％,甘肃汉和回族分别为24．63％（184／747）和6．12％（77／1258）,宁夏回族和青海藏族分别0．40％和0．37％。汉回藏不同民族各年龄组人群HEV感染分布,汉族各年龄组人群HEV抗体阳性率,在≤10岁年龄组为5．19％,11～20岁组为11．64％,21～30岁组为20．08％,31～40岁组为34．17％,41—50岁为41．75％,51～60岁组为48．58％,≥61岁组为57．43％。回族人群各年龄组人群HEV抗体阳性率依次为3．11％,3．96％,2．11％,3．98％,2．52％,4．57％和6．67％。藏族人群3份阳性者分布在21—30岁组、31—40岁组和51～60岁组各1份,阳性率为0．63％、0．58％和1．01％。结论汉族人群戊肝病毒感染明显高于回族和藏族,感染率随年龄增长而升高。回藏族人群HEV抗体阳性率低下,应加强对HEV感染的监测。     

1200名体检人员乙型肝炎表面抗原和表面抗体的检测分析

目的 了解本县健康人群中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)表面抗原(HBsAg)携带者和表面抗体(HBsAb)的分布情况,为预防和控制乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的感染提供科学依据.将1200名体检人员按不同年龄分为老年组,青年组和中年组,并对3组的乙型肝炎表面抗原(HbsAg)和表面抗体(HBsAb)检测结果进行统计分析.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法进行乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)和表面抗体(HbsAb)进行检测.结果 受检者1200例,男性590例,阳性率5.25%,女性610例,阳性率4.10%,男性明显高于女性,二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).青年组乙型肝炎表面抗体(HbsAb)阳性率62.09%明显高于中年组44.97%和老年组43.2%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 健康人群中乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率呈逐年下降趋势,广大群众应积极注射乙肝疫苗,定期检测,对乙肝疫苗无或低应答者及时进行乙肝疫苗的接种或加强,提高乙型肝炎表面抗体(HbsAb)阳性率和覆盖率,预防和阻断乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的感染.     

大理地区猪源甲型、乙型、戊型肝炎病毒血清流行病学调查

目的:调查大理地区猪体内甲、乙、戊型肝炎病毒的感染情况。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测屠宰生猪血清标本甲肝血清标志物(HAV-lgG和HAV-lgM)、乙肝血清标记物(HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAbHBcAb)、戊肝血清标志物(HEV-lgG和HEV-lgM)。结果:HAV、HBV和HEV的感染率分别为:91%(162/178),93.9%(185/197),23.6%(42/178);HAV和HBV二重感染率为67.97%(121/178);HAV、HBV和HEV三重感染率为20.2%(36/178);HAV和HEV二重感染率为1.7%(3/178);HBV和HEV二重感染率为2.2%(4/178)。结论:甲、乙、戊型肝炎病毒在猪体内存在感染,同时发现在猪体内甲、乙型肝炎病毒重叠感染常见。     

肝硬化病人的戊型肝炎病毒感染状况分析

对160例肝硬化病人的血清进行抗HEV-IgG及抗HEV-IgM检测,有91例感染了HEV,总感染率为56.8%其中抗HEV-IgG阳性60例(37.5%),抗HEV-IgM阳性76例(47.3%),抗HEV-IgG与抗HEV-IgM同时阳性45例(28.1%),抗HEV-IgG阳性而抗HEV-IgM阴性15例(9.4%),抗HEV-IgM阳性而抗HEV-IgG阴性有31例(19.4%)91例HEV感染的肝硬化病人中,单纯HEV感染5例(5.5%),合并感染其他肝炎病毒86例(94.5%)结果提示:一半以上的肝硬化病人合并戊肝感染,其因果关系应引起重视.     

通过乙肝病毒表面抗原及抗体流行病学分析探讨成人的免疫防护

目的 通过对乙型病毒性肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)及表面抗体(HBsAb)数据分析,研究其在人群中的分布及发展趋势,为其后续治疗及预防提供参考.方法 收集2013年至2016年来院就诊患者和体检者的乙型肝炎表面抗原及表面抗体数据,按性别及年龄为参数对数据进行整理分析,以阳性率或阴性率为指标,分析其之间的变化规律,进行x2检验以确定其在统计学上是否存在差异.结果 HBsAg在男女总体感染率上存在显著性差异,P=0.00 ＜0.01,其总体阳性率在经波动后呈下降趋势.分析中发现,31 ～50岁人群是乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的高发时段.乙型肝炎表面抗体(HBsAb)阴性者在男女之间差异无统计学意义P=0.989 ＞0.05.HBsAb阴性率高达51.5％.结论 经过国家对乙型病毒性肝炎预防宣传力度的加大及个人预防意识的提高,其总体感染率显著下降.但HBsAb阴性率仍很高,为加强HBsAb阴性者的免疫防护.对HBsAg及HBsAb双阴性的成年人群,特别是31 ～50岁年龄段人群应加强乙肝疫苗的接种.     

2450例患者输血前感染性指标检测结果分析

目的 检测与分析患者输血前的感染性指标水平,为临床血液传染病的预防控制提供参考.方法 选取2013年6月至2016年1月期间我院收治的2450例拟接受输血的患者作为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定患者输血前的感染性指标检测,包括乙型肝炎五项标志物、抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体(hepatitis c virus antibody,抗-HCV)、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(human immunodeficiency virus antibody,抗-HIV)以及抗梅毒螺旋体抗体(treponema pallidum antibody,抗-TP),结果 2450例患者输血前感染性指标检测中,乙肝表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody,HBsAb)的阳性率最高,为23.18%,其次为乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg),阳性率为11.27%;患者存在2~3重感染模式,其中以乙型肝炎E抗体(hepatitis B e antibody,HBeAb)+HBsAb模式的阳性率最高,为1.18%,其次是HBsAg+HBsAb+乙肝表面核心抗体(hepatitis B core antibody,HBcAb)模式的,为1.06%;男性患者乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg)、HBeAb、HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb、抗-HCV、抗-HIV和抗-TP阳性率均高于女性患者的,但差异无统计学意义;年龄>60岁患者的HBeAg、HBeAb、HBsAg、抗-HCV和抗-TP阳性率明显低于年龄<30岁和年龄为30~60岁患者(P<0.05).而各年龄段间的HBsAb、HBcAb和抗-HIV阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 输血患者输血前感染性指标的检测均具有一定比例的阳性检出率.加强输血前感染性指标的检测,可保证临床用血安全,减少医疗纠纷.     

Prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and E virus markers among patients with elevated levels of Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase in Phnom Penh (Cambodia) and Nha Trang (Central Vietnam)

In order to describe the respective part of viral hepatitis in liver diseases observed in Cambodia and Vietnam, ninety consecutive patients with Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > or = 100 Ul/l were tested for hepatitis A, B, C and E markers in Phnom Penh and Nha Trang. The markers were IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV IgM), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCVAb) and IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV IgG). Recruited patients were predominantly adults and male (sex ratio 76%). Among these patients, 81% were tested positive to at least one marker in Nha Trang and 79% in Phnom Penh. In Nha Trang, HBsAg was more frequent (73%) than anti-HCV Ab (9%) while in Phnom Penh both markers were closely similar (HBsAg: 41%, anti-HCV Ab: 39%). In both population samples, HBsAg was more prevalent among young people whereas anti-HCV Ab were only detected in adults. No case of acute HAV infection was diagnosed in Nha Trang while anti-HAV IgM were detected in 20% of Cambodian patients. Anti-HEV IgG were infrequent (2% in Nha Trang, 5.5% in Phnom Penh). Only one case was notified, a male Vietnamese patient probably suffering from acute hepatitis E. More studies would be useful to improve the control measures against viral hepatitis in the public health programs.     

2008年广州市20岁以上正常人群甲型肝炎抗体流行率调查

目的调查2008年广州市20岁以上正常人群甲型肝炎抗体（抗-HAV IgG）流行率。方法 2008年在广州市南方医院健康体检人群中,采集20岁以上5个年龄组正常人群血清500份,应用雅培（Abbott）公司抗-HAV IgG诊断试剂盒（化学发光法）,定性检测血清中的抗-HAV IgG,分析人群中抗-HAV IgG流行率。结果 2008年广州市20岁以上正常人群抗-HAV IgG总流行率为72.2%（361/500）,男性人群阳性率为73.2%（230/314）,女性人群阳性率70.4%（131/186）。20～岁组、30～岁组、40～岁组、50～岁组和60岁以上组抗-HAV IgG阳性率分别为52.8%（56/106）、52.5%（63/120）、82.5%（94/114）、89.8%（88/98）和96.8%（60/62）,随年龄增长而上升。结论目前广州市20～39岁组人群抗-HAV IgG阳性率较低,建议对该人群的易感者进行甲型肝炎疫苗免疫。     

Prevalence of IgG anti-HAV in patients with chronic hepatitis B and in the general healthy population in Korea

Background/Aims

Few studies have investigated hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroepidemiology in Koreans with chronic liver disease (CLD). This study compared the prevalence of IgG anti-HAV between the general healthy population and patients with hepatitis B virus-related CLD (HBV-CLD), with the aim of identifying predictors of HAV prior exposure.

Methods

In total, 1,319 patients were recruited between June 2008 and April 2010. All patients were tested for IgG anti-HAV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibodies to hepatitis C virus. The patients were divided into the general healthy population group and the HBV-CLD group based on the presence of HBsAg. The seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV was compared between these two groups.

Results

The age-standardized seroprevalence rates of IgG anti-HAV in the general healthy population and patients with HBV-CLD were 52.5% and 49.1%, respectively. The age-stratified IgG anti-HAV seroprevalence rates for ages ≤19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and ≥60 years were 14.3%, 11.2%, 45.5%, 90.5%, 97.6% and 98.3%, respectively, in the general healthy population, and 0%, 9.8%, 46.3%, 91.1%, 97.7%, and 100% in the HBV-CLD group. In multivariate analysis, age (<30 vs. 30-59 years: OR=19.339, 95% CI=12.504-29.911, P<0.001; <30 vs. ≥60 years: OR=1060.5, 95% CI=142.233-7907.964, P<0.001) and advanced status of HBV-CLD (OR=19.180, 95% CI=4.550-80.856, P<0.001) were independent predictors of HAV prior exposure.

Conclusions

The seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV did not differ significantly between the general-healthy-population and HBV-CLD groups. An HAV vaccination strategy might be warranted in people younger than 35 years, especially in patients with HBV-CLD.     

Séroprévalence et facteurs de risque de l’hépatite virale E chez la femme enceinte dans le centre tunisien

Objectives

The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Tunisian pregnant women.

Methods

A total of 404 pregnant women were enrolled. Data were collected through a standard questionnaire which covered sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors. Blood samples were collected and were tested for HEV IgM and IgG antibodies, IgG against hepatitis A (anti-HAV IgG), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV). Risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

Prevalence of anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM, anti-HAV IgG, HBs Ag and anti-HCV was 12.1 %, 0 %, 97 %, 3 % and 0,5 %, respectively. In multivariate analysis age (>30 years) and the number of persons per room (>2) in the house were independent factors predicting HEV infection. History of agricultural work, kind of water, sewage treatment, use detergent to wash vegetables, contact with animals and parenteral risk factors were not correlated with the presence of anti-HEV IgG.

Conclusion

The important seropositive rate among pregnant women is compatible with endemicity of HEV in Tunisia. Hepatitis E should be considered in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis during pregnancy. Our result suggests that infection occurs sporadically by person-to-person transmission route but further investigations are needed to determine the natural reservoir of infection.     

The results of serological research to determine hepatitis A and B markers in the blood sera of the population of the Republic of Guinea

The results of examinations of sera from apparently normal urban and rural residents of the Guinea Republic (GR) for markers of viral hepatitis A (anti-HAV) and B (HBsAg) are presented. The number of HBsAg-positive subjects was 16 +/- 1% (1199 serum specimens were examined by direct enzyme immunoassay, EIA, and HI test), the rate of HBsAg findings in sera from children (less than 16 years) and adults (greater than or equal to 16) did not differ significantly (p less than 0.05). The rate of a HBsAg carrier state did not depend on sex and residence of the subjects under study (p less than 0.05). The detection rate of total (IgM + IgG) anti-HAV antibody was 67 +/- 2% (812 serum specimens were examined by a variant of EIA block). The detection rate and titres of anti-HAV in children were higher than in adults, and in urban residents higher than in rural subjects (p less than 0.05). The results of detection of HBsAg and total anti-HAV antibody in the sera of GR residents are close to those obtained in examinations of sera from the populations of countries bordering GR in Western Africa (Senegal, Mali, Liberia) and are typical of Africa as a whole.     

Changes in seroprevalence to four herpesviruses over 30 years in Swedish children aged 9-12 years.

BACKGROUND: Changing social conditions and life-styles in Sweden may have affected the spread of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). OBJECTIVES: To study possible changes over 30 years in prevalence of antibodies against VZV, HSV, CMV, and EBV in Swedish children, using modern serological methods. STUDY DESIGN: Serum samples from 819 Swedish children who were 9-12 years old in 1967-1968, in 1977-1978 (two cohorts), and in 1997, respectively, were examined. IgG antibodies against VZV, HSV, and CMV were measured by well validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and against EBV by indirect immunoflourescense. RESULTS: The seropositivity for VZV for 9-12 years old children was 50% in 1967-1968, 74-82% in 1977-1978, and 98% in 1997. The corresponding figures were 31%, 53%, 50%, and 58% for CMV, 35%, 35%, 32%, and 38% for HSV, and 64% in 1967-1968 and in 1977-1978 (both cohorts), and 62% in 1997 for EBV. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence for VZV increased significantly from 1967-1968 to 1997, and there was also a significant but smaller increase in the CMV seroprevalence, while seroprevalence to HSV and EBV remained relatively stable.