血栓闭塞性脉管炎和动脉硬化闭塞症的发病率研究

目的：研究我国血栓闭塞性脉管炎（TAO）和动脉硬化闭塞症（ASO）的发病率变化。方法：调查我国13家医院1983－1998年TAO10401例和ASO8843例。结果：第一组1983－1986年TAO2313例、ASO849例；1987－1990年TAO2869例、ASO1243例；1991－1994年TAO2271例，ASO1438例和1995－1998年TAO1653例，ASO1506例，第二组1991－1994年TAO605例，ASO593例；1995－1998年TAO418例，ASO1044例，结论：在我国，TAO发病率呈逐年明显下降，ASO呈明显增多的趋势。     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的近期治疗进展

血栓闭塞性脉管炎（thromboangitis obliterans,Buerger’s disease,TAO）是一种以中小动静脉节段性、非化脓I生炎症和动脉腔内血栓形成为特征的慢性闭塞性疾病。主要侵袭四肢,尤其是下肢的中小动静脉,进而引起患肢远侧缺血性病变。其病理变化主要是病变血管的血栓形成和机化,不同于传统的动脉硬化,因此该病又被称为Buerger病,国内简称脉管炎。好发于男性青壮年,绝大多数有吸烟史,患肢常伴有游走性血栓性浅静脉炎和雷诺综合征。TAO分布广泛,但主要好发于亚洲地区,以中东、东南亚、远东为主.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

目的 探讨血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thromboangitis obliterans,TAO)的腔内治疗方法.方法 总结上海中山医院血管外科2006年4月至2008年5月收治TAO患者16例(18条下肢)TAO患者的临床资料.对病变肢体行下肢造影,根据术前CTA结果显示的流入道和流出道情况行置管溶栓术和球囊扩张成形术.结果 本组16例患者18条肢体行球囊扩张成形术(percutaneous transluminal plasty,PTA),3条肢体术后无明显改善,其中1例手术2周后行膝上截肢术.FFA即时成功率为83.34%(15/18).术后15条患肢皮温明显升高,间歇性跛行消失或跛行距离延长,静息痛消失或明显减轻,9例足背或胫后动脉搏动恢复.术后1周踝/肱指数由术前0.33±0.16恢复至0.79±0.23.8例有足趾坏死者渗出消失、创丽愈合.术后随访16例,随访率100%,随访时间2～24个月,平均随访10.84个月.以下肢CTA和A/BI检杏行术后随访,术后3个月的通畅率为81.33%,1年通畅率为60.23%.结论 TAO患者行PTA能改善患肢血供,促进溃疡及创面的愈合,增加保肢率,降低截肢平面.近期效果满意,是一种可供选择的新的治疗途径.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

血管腔内治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的评价血管腔内治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院92例(120条患肢)接受腔内治疗的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料,并随访其疗效。结果 116条患肢介入治疗获得技术成功,治疗后踝肱指数0.82±0.21,较术前(0.38±0.16)明显提高(P0.05)。术后3、6、12、24个月随访率分别为95.51%(85/89)、92.77%(77/83)、70.77%(46/65)、60.71%(17/28),相应动脉通畅率分别为90.99%(101/111)、86.00%(86/100)、77.97%(46/59)、65.22%(15/23)。2例股动脉支架内急性血栓形成,经置管溶栓术治愈;2例行膝下截肢术。结论血管腔内治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症安全、有效,远期效果尚需进一步观察。     

Silverhawk斑块旋切系统治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的探讨Silverhawk斑块旋切系统治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的安全性及近期疗效。方法对术前超声及MRA检查诊断为下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的10例患者行Silverhawk斑块旋切治疗,术后行常规抗凝治疗,定期彩色多普勒超声复查随访。结果 10例患者下肢动脉均再通成功,技术成功率100%,术后即刻缺血症状改善明显,术后平均踝肱指数为0.87±0.06,高于术前的0.26±0.06（P〈0.0001）。住院期间无并发症发生,随访3～15个月,中位随访时间9个月,患肢均保肢成功。结论使用Silverhawk斑块旋切系统治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症及支架内再狭窄、闭塞病变创伤小,安全性高,近期疗效显著。     

腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效观察

目的评价腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2009年12月至2011年12月腔内治疗的32例(43条患肢)下肢ASO患者的临床资料,并随访其疗效。结果 30例(40条患肢)患者治疗后临床症状消失或较前明显减轻,治疗后踝肱指数(ABI)0.62±0.15,较术前(0.35±0.15)明显提高(P<0.05)。随访时间3～15个月,13例患者仍存在间歇性跛行,2例术后3个月对侧股浅动脉以远部位动脉狭窄闭塞,经皮腔内血管成形术治疗后症状缓解,其他病例症状缓解。结论腔内介入治疗下肢ASO短期疗效满意,远期效果尚待进一步观察。     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

自体大隐静脉倒置旁路转流术治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎

目的:探讨自体大隐静脉倒置旁路转流术治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎的疗效.方法:回顾性分析2007年1月-2012年5月采用自体大隐静脉倒置旁路转流术治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎21例患者临床资料,其中行股浅动脉-胫后动脉旁路转流术9例,股浅动脉-腓动脉旁路转流术5例,股浅动脉-腘动脉远端旁路转流术4例,腘动脉-胫后动脉旁路转流术3例.结果:1例拟行股浅动脉-胫后动脉旁路转流术患者术中证实远端流出道差而终止手术,20例完成手术,成功率为95.2％.患者术后肢体远端血供均改善、静息疼消失、间隙性跛行距离延长、溃疡愈合;平均踝肱指数(ABI)由术前0.46±0.12上升到术后1.05±0.07 (P＜0.001).18例获得随访5～59(30.6±7.5)个月,治疗效果稳定.结论:自体大隐静脉倒置旁路转流术是存在远端流出道的血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者有效的治疗方法.     

胫腓动脉血管成形术治疗下肢严重缺血35例

目的 评价胫腓动脉经皮血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗下肢严重缺血的可行性、安全性和有效性.方法 对2004年6月至2007年5月收治的35例胫腓动脉闭塞的下肢严重缺血(critical limb ischemia,CLI)患者应用PTA治疗.评价的主要参数为:胫腓动脉PTA技术成功率、通畅率、救肢率和并发症.结果 胫腓动脉PTA的技术成功率为83%,平均随访11.5个月,通畅率为57%,救肢率82%.胫腓动脉平均扩张长度9.5 cm(4.5～14 cm),19例患者同时行髂或股胭动脉PTA或支架术.有3例并发症发生,其中1例动脉痉挛和血栓形成,经溶柃、解痉等治疗缓解;2例动脉穿孔,未有严重后果.结论 PTA治疗CLI合并胫腓动脉闭塞具有较高技术成功率和救肢率,较少发生严重并发症,是一种安全、有效可供选择的治疗方法.     

杂交手术治疗下肢多节段动脉闭塞32例

目的 探讨杂交手术对下肢多节段动脉闭塞性病变的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年5月至2009年8月接受杂交手术的32例(35条下肢)多节段动脉闭塞性病变的临床资料,探讨杂交手术的适应证、治疗效果、并发症、围手术期死亡率、血管通畅率及保肢率.结果 33条患肢获得手术成功,成功率为94%(33/35).患者术后次日、术后6个月的踝肱指数(ABI)分别为1.06±0.17与0.96±0.16.与术前(0.49±0.18)相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2例手术失败中1例因术中并发脑梗死,终止手术;1例膝下动脉开通失败而截肢,无围手术期死亡病例.26例患者获得随访,随访率87%(26/30);随访时间2～28个月,平均随访(11.0±1.3)个月.术后6个月动脉通畅率为93%(26/28),保肢率为96%(27/28).2例术后5～6个月膝下动脉再闭塞,其中1例引起肢端坏疽加重行膝下截肢术,另1例给予保守治疗.结论 杂交手术对于下肢动脉多节段闭塞性病变具有较好效果,风险相对较低,近期通畅率较高.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate hybrid operation for arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of the lower extremity. Methods Clinical data of 35 ischemic limbs in 32 ASO cases receiving hybrid operation from May, 2007 to August, 2009 were retrospectively analysed. The indications, clinical result,complications, perioperative mortality, vascular patency rate and limb salvage rate was evaluated.Results Thirty-five ischemic limbs in 32 cases underwent hybrid operation. Procedures were successful in 94％ cases (33/35). The average postoperative ABI significantly increased from 0.49 ±0. 18 to 1.06 ± 0. 17 ( one day after surgery) or 0. 96 ± 0. 16 ( six months after therapy). One patient suffered limb amputation due to surgical failure, one case was complicated with cerebral infarction and the operation was terminated. No patient died in perioperative period. Twenty-six cases (28 ischemia limbs) were followed-up from 2 month to 28 months, the follow-up rate was 87％ (26/30). Vascular patency rate in 6 months after operation was 93％ (26/28), and limb salvage rate was 96％ (27/28). Two cases suffered from below-knee reocclusion 5 -6 months after therapy, and one of these two cases needed a limb amputation.Conclusion Hybrid operation is the therapy of choice for multifocal lesions in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities with a low risk and higher patency in short term.     

超声引导下血管成形术治疗DSA相对禁忌下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的探讨使用超声引导介入治疗DSA相对禁忌患者下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床价值。方法对18例不宜接受DSA引导治疗的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者(共20条动脉)行超声引导下腔内治疗。于治疗前和治疗后24 h、3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月检测病变处收缩期血流峰值流速(PSV),并进行统计学分析,评估总复发率。结果 20支动脉中,完全闭塞15支,重度狭窄(狭窄率70%～99%)5支;超声引导下球囊扩张成形术成功率40.00%(8/20),支架植入术成功率100%(12/12)。术前与术后各时间点病变处PSV总体差异有统计学意义(F=4.26,P=0.046),术后各时间点与术前比较、术后12个月和24个月与术后24 h PSV差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后24 h、3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月的总复发率分别为0、5.00%(1/20)、10.00%(2/20)、20.00%(4/20)、50.00%(10/20)。结论超声引导下肢动脉成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症对介入治疗DSA相对禁忌患者有重要临床价值。     

下肢慢性缺血合并急性血栓形成的外科治疗

目的 探讨治疗下肢慢性缺血合并急性血栓形成的最佳外科治疗手段.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月～2010年10月我科收治的26例下肢慢性缺血合并急性血栓形成患者的临床资料,比较单纯采用股动脉切开导管取栓术组(10例)与股-腘动脉切开取栓联合动脉重建手术组(16例)的疗效.结果随访时间1～114个月,单纯股动脉切开术组中的...     

老年人下肢动脉闭塞的血管重建术262例分析

目的 总结对下肢缺血老年患者进行动脉重建术的手术效果及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析从2006年1月至2008年11月收治的262例下肢动脉缺血的老年患者的临床资料.总结对老年患者行下肢动脉重建术围手术期的关注要点及影响远期预后的因素.结果 本组262例老年患者(323条患肢),下肢动脉血管旁路术102条,腔内治疗98条,单纯取栓/内膜剥脱术67条,手术(血管搭桥/取栓/内膜剥脱术)结合腔内治疗多节段病变56条.手术成功率94.7%,围手术期死亡2例(30 d内),围手术期严重并发症15例.262例中245例患者获得术后获有效随访,随防率93.5%,随访时间1～35个月,平均(18±10)个月.随访期内,死亡15例,血管Ⅰ期通畅率80.5%,Ⅱ期通畅率92.7%,保肢率95.2%.危险因素分析提示:有冠心病病史和年龄大于70岁的病例组在随访期内死亡明显高于其他组.合并糖尿病、病情严重、病变范围广导致术后血管再闭塞发生率高,且截肢数量增加.结论 重症下肢动脉闭塞症的动脉重建术依赖于熟练的手术经验,综合性的多科室协作,合理的手术方案以及围手术期的细致管理.