晶状体超声乳化吸出联合小梁切除术对青光眼伴有白内障的疗效

目的探讨晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术对青光眼伴白内障的疗效。方法开角型青光眼及慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障共35例（52眼）。行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,比较分析手术前后的视力、眼压控制及术后滤泡形成情况。结果术后矫正视力≥0．3者41眼（78．85％）,比术前视力≥0．3者（3眼,5．77％）明显增多。术后随访至少6个月平均眼压（14．71±4．01）mmHg,无需使用降眼压药物。术后功能型滤过泡47眼（90．38％）。无严重并发症发生。结论晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术是一种安全、有效、便捷的治疗青光眼合并白内障的联合手术。     

表面麻醉下行白内障青光眼联合手术的临床效果

目的评价晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术表面麻醉的临床效果。方法对36例（42眼）青光眼合并白内障在0．4％倍诺喜表面麻醉下行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术，观察麻醉效果及术后情况。结果所有患者术中均能很好配合，术后26跟（61％）视力≥0．5，影响术后视力的主要原因是眼底病变。随访6～24月，32眼术后眼压在正常范围，平均15．5mmHg．10眼加用0．5％噻吗心胺后眼压控制，视野无进行性损害。结论表麻下行品状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除是安全和满意的。     

青光眼白内障联合手术治疗白内障继发青光眼

目的探讨白内障继发青光眼进行白内障青光眼联合手术的效果。方法28例（28只眼）白内障继发青光眼完成了超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入联合巩膜瓣下小梁切除术。结果术前视力〈0．1者22只眼,0．1～0．3者6只眼。术后视力〈0．1者13只眼,0．1～1．0者15只眼。术前平均眼压（34．30±9．32）mmHg,术后平均眼压（16．42±5．36）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）。25眼眼压降至正常范围,3眼经药物治疗达到正常范围。并发症主要是角膜水肿和浅前房。术后随访3～6个月。结论超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入联合巩膜瓣下小梁切除术对于白内障继发青光眼是安全和有效的。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗原发急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：观察超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术对原发急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法：对有联合手术适应证的12只眼行超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗，术后随访3－10个月（平均6．9个月）。结果：术后眼压8－13mmHg，12只眼均形成功能性滤过泡。9只眼术后矫正视力≥0．8，3只眼术后矫正视力0．2－0．3。结论：本组病例治愈率100％，远期疗效有待进一步追踪。术前积极控制眼压，成熟的超声乳化技巧避免术中并发症出现，是治疗成功的关键。     

超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼白内障临床观察

目的 探讨超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼白内障的疗效。方法 对46例53眼青光眼合并白内障行超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术。结果 术后视力恢复快，视力46眼〉0．3（86．8％），术后眼压控制好，50眼〈18mmHg（94．3％），术后有角膜水肿等并发症。结论 超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术安全有效。     

慢性闭角型青光眼白内障手术治疗临床探讨

目的 探讨慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的手术方法.方法 慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障共64例（66眼）.其中43例（45眼）施行晶状体超声乳化吸出、人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术,21例（21眼）施行晶状体超声乳化吸出、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术.结果 术后视力：晶状体超乳联合房角分离手术组术后视力比术前提高者44眼（97.78%）.晶状体超乳联合小梁切除手术组术后视力比术前提高者18眼（85.72%）.术后眼压：晶状体超乳联合房角分离手术组术后第1天眼压正常;8周后有2眼眼压＞30 mmHg,给予二期行小梁切除术.晶状体超乳联合小梁切除手术组术后第1天19眼（90.48%）眼压正常,有2眼（9.52%）低眼压,4周后均恢复正常.结论 慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障采用晶状体超声乳化吸出、后房人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术或联合小梁切除术均能有效地提高患者的视力并降低眼压.     

小梁切除联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效观察

目的：为了观察不同类型青光眼伴有白内障病人的小梁切除联合白内障超声乳化吸除并后房型人工晶状体植入三联术后3个月的视力、眼压以及并发症发生的情况。方法：82例（91只眼）,青光眼合并白内障患者行小梁切除联合超声乳化后房型人工晶体植入。结果：术后3个平均眼压低于15mmHg(1mmHg－0．134kPa）,平均视力好于0．54。结论：小梁切除联合白内障超声乳化吸除并后房型人工晶状体植入术具有切口小,眼压控制好,滤过泡形佳,能获得一定的视力。     

超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术的临床观察

目的 探讨超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术的方法，评价其疗效。方法 对21例（21眼）青光眼合并白内障施行超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术。结果 术后随访3-24个月，21眼眼压均〈21mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），术后矫正视力≥0．5者12例（57．1％），且无严重并发症出现。结论 超声乳化人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术安全有效，适用于青光眼合并白内障。     

白内障超声乳化吸出隧道巩膜瓣下小梁切除术

目的　探讨白内障超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合隧道巩膜瓣下小梁切除术的效果及安全性。方法　对青光眼合并白内障 46例行超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合隧道巩膜瓣下小梁切除术 ,术后观察眼压、视力、滤过泡等情况。结果　术后随访 3月～ 12月 ,平均眼压为 (14 3 7± 5 3 8)mmHg ,较术前降低 10 82mmHg(1mmHg =0 13 3kPa)。术后矫正视力≥ 0 5者 2 5眼 ,占 54 3 %。术后功能型滤过滤占 80 4% ,非功能滤过泡占 19 6%。结论　超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入联合隧道巩膜瓣下小梁切除术安全有效 ,视力恢复快 ,降压效果好 ,适用于青光眼合并白内障     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：探讨双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者65例70眼,术后随访3~12mo,观察视力、眼压及并发症的发生。
　　结果：术后患者视力≤0.1者2眼,>0.1~0.3者6眼,0.4~0.8者60眼,≥1.0者2眼,术后眼压在正常范围内(<21mmHg)者69眼,1眼术后出现浅前房,经治疗改善。
　　结论：双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障手术成功率高,疗效佳,是一种理想的手术方式。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.