The relation between the lack of control attributional style for indulgent food consumption and bulimic symptoms

Objective

The study examined the potential link between the lack of control attributional style for indulgent food consumption and bulimic symptoms.

Method

One hundred and 77 undergraduates (145 female; mean age = 19 years-2 months) were administered the Eating Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Sterling Eating Disorder Scales across a five-month period.

Results

SEM analyses confirmed that: (1) uncontrollability attributions for indulgent food consumption were concurrently associated with bulimic symptoms, and (2) external locus of control and uncontrollability attributions for indulgent food consumption predicted changes in bulimic symptoms.

Conclusions

The findings yielded support for the conclusion that the lack of control attributional style for indulgent food consumption is a probable cause of bulimic symptoms.     

团队认同对教师人格与亚健康症状关系跨层调节作用

目的 了解团队认同在教师人格与亚健康症状关系中的调节作用。方法 2009年8月-2010年6月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取7个省15个市共22所学校的2 100名中小学教师,使用大五人格量表、亚健康状态综合评估问卷和团队认同量表进行测评。结果 教师总体亚健康症状平均分为（49.81±9.83）分,不同性别教师间的亚健康症状差异无统计学意义（F=0.23,P>0.05）,不同年龄教师亚健康症状差异有统计学意义（F=4.104,P<0.01）,年龄正向预测亚健康症状（β=0.205,P<0.001）;教师的责任心平均分为（3.57±0.54）分,负向预测亚健康症状（β=-3.572,P<0.001）,外向性平均分为（3.31±0.57）分,负向预测亚健康症状（β=-2.557,P<0.001）,神经质平均分为（2.66±0.61）分,正向预测亚健康症状（β=6.867,P<0.001）;教师的团队认同平均分为（10.71±2.79）分,多层线性模型分析显示团队认同与神经质的交互作用负向预测亚健康症状（β=-1.344,P<0.05）。结论 教师的年龄与责任心、外向性和神经质人格维度对亚健康症状有不同的预测作用,团队层面的认同可以减缓个体高神经质对亚健康症状的影响。     

Stages of change in anorexic and bulimic disorders: the importance of illness representations

This study investigated the relationship between illness representations and stage of change in women with anorexic (N=33) and women with bulimic (N=36) disorders. A cross-sectional design was employed and participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires. The relationship between illness representations and stage of change was explored in the two groups separately using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. A number of different items from the illness representations measure, together with locus of control and social support, explained relatively high proportions of the variance in each stage of change in the two groups. Where similar items emerged as important in both groups, their relative importance showed variation according to stage of change being considered. Implications for differential approach to treatment in the two disorders are discussed in the context of the study limitations.     

Self-competence and self-liking in the prediction of change in bulimic symptoms

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of self-competence and self-liking (two distinct dimensions of self-esteem) to bulimic symptoms. METHOD: Two separate longitudinal studies were conducted on undergraduate women from two universities (Study 1, N=129; Study 2, N=406). Measures of self-competence, self-liking, and bulimic symptoms were administered on two occasions, separated by several weeks. RESULTS: Self-competence demonstrated a stronger relationship than self-liking to change in bulimic symptoms over time. DISCUSSION: These findings have significant theoretic implications for the construct of self-esteem and implications for risk for and treatment of bulimia.     

降钙素原、C-反应蛋白与妊娠晚期B族链球菌感染状态的关系

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平在妊娠晚期B族链球菌(group B streptococcus,GBS)阳性孕妇感染状态中的判断价值.方法 选取2018年4月至2019年12月在华北理工大学附属医院分娩的妊娠晚期GBS阳性孕...     

The mediating role of perceived control in the relationship between social ties and depressive symptoms

This study first examines gender differences in the receipt and efficacy of four types of social ties. It is hypothesized that womens relationships involve more demanding social ties, which increase rather than decrease depressive symptoms. Next, this study explores the role of perceived control as a mediator in the relationship between social tics and depressive symptoms. It is hypothesized that the association between these social ties and depressive symptoms is mediated through perceived control. Results suggest that demanding social ties have the strongest association with depressive symptoms, and that this relationship is much stronger for women than for men. Emotional support is strongly associated with depressive symptoms for men and women, whereas instrumental support and number of close ties have negligible effects on depressive symptoms. Perceived control most strongly mediates (rather than moderates) those relationships with the strongest associations: demanding ties and depressive symptoms, and emotional support and depressive symptoms. Substantial direct associations between social ties and depressive symptoms remain after removing the effects mediated by perceived control.     

Exploring the therapeutic environment for older women with late-life depression: An examination of the benefits of an activity group for older people suffering from depression

This study examines a therapeutic activity group that was developed over a period of 4 years by occupational therapists, and includes components of psychosocial treatment. The study was designed to identify the benefits of the group activity for members and to identify whether members' expectations of attending the group are the same as (or different to) the health professionals' expectations of the benefits for group members. The Model of Occupational Spin-off is applied as the theoretical basis for the study. Group members completed a specialised questionnaire and two standard assessments. Health professionals completed a separate, but similar, questionnaire. The results were analysed by using statistical tests and confirmed that the expectations of group members and health professionals are not significantly different.     

Social group memberships protect against future depression,alleviate depression symptoms and prevent depression relapse

A growing body of research suggests that a lack of social connectedness is strongly related to current depression and increases vulnerability to future depression. However, few studies speak to the potential benefits of fostering social connectedness among persons already depressed or to the protective properties of this for future depression trajectories. We suggest that this may be in part because connectedness tends to be understood in terms of (difficult to establish) ties to specific individuals rather than ties to social groups. The current study addresses these issues by using population data to demonstrate that the number of groups that a person belongs to is a strong predictor of subsequent depression (such that fewer groups predicts more depression), and that the unfolding benefits of social group memberships are stronger among individuals who are depressed than among those who are non-depressed. These analyses control for initial group memberships, initial depression, age, gender, socioeconomic status, subjective health status, relationship status and ethnicity, and were examined both proximally (across 2 years, N = 5055) and distally (across 4 years, N = 4087). Depressed respondents with no group memberships who joined one group reduced their risk of depression relapse by 24%; if they joined three groups their risk of relapse reduced by 63%. Together this evidence suggests that membership of social groups is both protective against developing depression and curative of existing depression. The implications of these results for public health and primary health interventions are discussed.     

Responsiveness to change to change due to supportive-expressive group therapy,improvement in mood and disease progression in women with metastatic breast cancer

Objective To compare the responsiveness of six questionnaires using three hypotheses of change: (i) change due to supportive-expressive group therapy (SEGT), (ii) improved mood defined as a small effect size (.2) on Profile of Mood States (POMS) Total Mood Disturbance score and (iii) progression of disease. Method Data from the “Breast Expressive-Supportive Therapy” study, a multicentre randomized controlled trial of change due to SEGT versus standard of care in women with metastatic breast cancer were used. Questionnaires studied were: POMS, Impact of Event Scale, Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS), EORTC QLQ-C30, Mental Adjustment to Cancer and a Pain visual analog scale (VAS). Responsiveness to change was evaluated using the standardized response mean. POMS was used as the standard. Results POMS was the most responsive questionnaire to change due to SEGT. Questionnaires measuring psychosocial attributes were responsive to improvement in mood. EORTC QLQ-C30, PAIS, PAIN VAS and MAC were the most responsive to disease progression. More responsive questionnaires were associated with the smallest sample size required to detect an effect. Conclusions Responsiveness to change is context specific. The POMS was the most responsive questionnaire to psychosocial therapy. An erratum to this article can be found at     

The relationship between atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment, and depression in old age

It has been suggested in the literature that atherosclerosis is a common causal pathway of cognitive impairment and late-onset depression, which may explain their co-occurrence in old age. In both the 'Leiden 85-plus Study' and the literature, strong evidence is found for a causal relationship between atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment, but there is less evidence for a causal relationship between atherosclerosis and late-onset depression. In the 'Leiden 85-plus Study', cognitive impairment was a risk factor for the development of late-onset depression, but depression in old age did not predict cognitive decline. This means that the prevention of atherosclerosis might prevent cognitive impairment and hence late-onset depression in old age.     

农村留守初中生亲子同伴师生关系与社会自我的相关性

目的 探讨农村留守初中生亲子、同伴、师生关系与社会自我的关系,为农村留守儿童的心理健康教育提供参考依据.方法 采用青少年社会自我问卷、亲子亲合问卷、亲子冲突问卷、同伴友谊质量量表、师生关系量表,对随机整群抽取的重庆市4所乡镇中学1 433名初中生进行调查.结果 留守初中生的人际敏感性显著高于非留守初中生,角色调节、父子亲合、冲突背叛、冲突性均显著低于非留守初中生(P值均＜0.05);社会自我与父子亲合、帮助陪伴、亲密交流、肯定价值、信任尊重、亲密性、反应性呈显著正相关(P值均＜0.01).多元回归分析显示,帮助陪伴、亲密性和亲密交流对社会自我具有显著正向预测作用.同伴关系的帮助陪伴、亲密交流的预测力分别为8.5％,0.4％.师生关系的亲密性的预测力为4.5％.结论 农村留守初中生亲子、同伴、师生关系与社会自我均存在相关性.应发挥教师、同伴的积极作用,促进留守儿童的健康成长.     

自我认知与老年高血压病患者抑郁症状临床分析

目的探讨老年高血压病患者抑郁的发生情况及与自我认知之间的关系。方法抑郁评定工具采用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS),自我认知采用自编的对疾病认知调查表,该表含有5个项目。结果老年高血压病患者抑郁发生率为35.9%。高血压病1级、2级、3级抑郁发生率分别为33.3%、35.9%、38.7%。但组间无显著差异。病程5年内、5~10年、10年以上三组抑郁发生率分别为33.3%、35.9%、37.6%。组间无显著差异。按Zung氏指数大小将所有患者分为<0.5组和≥0.5组。在自编量表的5个问题中,除对治疗副作用担心程度上二组无显著差异外,在另外4个问题即认为所患高血压严重程度、高血压对生活影响程度、高血压对生命威胁担心程度、高血压治愈可能性大小方面二组差异非常显著。结论老年高血压病患者抑郁发生率高,但与疾病严重程度及病程长短无明显相关,而与患者对疾病的认知有明显相关,因此改善患者的认知,对高血压的治疗有益。     

领悟社会支持与患者用药依从性的相关性分析

目的了解患者用药依从性现状,探讨患者用药依从性与领悟社会支持间的关系。方法 2015年5—6月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对杭州市4类医疗机构的784名患者采用Morisky量表和领悟社会支持量表进行调查,了解患者的用药依从性及领悟社会支持的情况,以及两者之间的关系,计量资料采用t检验或F检验,相关性分析采用Spearman相关进行分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果结果表明悟社会支持高分组与社会支持低分组的用药依从性对比差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。相关性分析表明患者用药依从性与领悟社会支持各分量表评分及总分呈现正相关,相比差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论患者用药依从性普遍较差,此外,领悟社会支持越高,患者用药依从性越高。     

The relationship between menopausal symptoms and sexual function

Sexual function could be affected by several factors in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of menopausal symptoms and sexual function. The study was conducted among 405 postmenopausal women aged 40–65 years, in Chalous and Noshahr, Iran, from October 2013 to May 2014. The participants were selected using a multistage sampling method. The instruments used for data collection were the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), and a demographics questionnaire. The relationship between the severity of menopausal symptoms and sexual function was examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear and logistic regressions. The mean unadjusted FSFI and MRS scores were 24.11 and 12.45, respectively; and 61.0 percent of the participants had female sexual dysfunction (FSD) (FSFI ≤26.55). A significant negative correlation was observed between the MRS scores (total and all subscales) and the total scores for FSFI (p < 0.001). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that with every unit increase in the total score of MRS, the likelihood of sexual dysfunction was 9.6 percent greater. We conclude that menopausal symptoms need to be considered in the design of health initiatives aimed at postmenopausal women’s sexual function.     

自我认知与老年高血压病患者抑郁症状临床分析

目的 探讨老年高血压病患者抑郁的发生情况及与自我认知之间的关系.方法 抑郁评定工具采用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS),自我认知采用自编的对疾病认知调查表,该表含有5个项目.结果 老年高血压病患者抑郁发生率为35.9%.高血压病1级、2级、3级抑郁发生率分别为33.3%、35.9%、38.7%.但组间无显著差异.病程5年内、5～10年、10年以上三组抑郁发生率分别为33.3%、35.9%、37.6%.组间无显著差异.按Zung氏指数大小将所有患者分为＜0.5组和≥0.5组.在自编量表的5个问题中,除对治疗副作用担心程度上二组无显著差异外,在另外4个问题即认为所患高血压严重程度、高血压对生活影响程度、高血压对生命威胁担心程度、高血压治愈可能性大小方面二组差异非常显著.结论 老年高血压病患者抑郁发生率高,但与疾病严重程度及病程长短无明显相关,而与患者对疾病的认知有明显相关,因此改善患者的认知,对高血压的治疗有益.     

应对方式对社区居民应激感觉与焦虑调节效应

目的 了解应对方式在社区居民应激感觉与焦虑症状之间的调节作用。方法 于2011年9月应用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、简易应对方式问卷(WCQ)、应激感受量表(PSS)为研究工具,对哈尔滨市南岗保健社区3 589名居民进行调查,采用相关分析和分层回归方法来检验调节效应。结果 社区居民焦虑比例为43.94%(1 577/3 589),其中“轻度”、“中度”、“中重度”、“重度”焦虑检出率分别为32.04%(1 150/3 589)、10.14%(364/3 589)、0.97%(35/3 589)、0.47%(17/3 589);社区居民焦虑为(4.31±4.21)分,积极应对为(1.78±0.61)分,消极应对为(1.36±0.67)分,应激感觉为(22.20±4.79)分;应激感觉、积极应对、消极应对和焦虑症状之间均呈明显相关关系;交互作用项“应激感觉×积极应对”的回归系数在以焦虑症状为因变量的回归方程中显著(β=0.033,t=2.181,P=0.029)。结论 积极应对在应激感觉和焦虑症状之间起调节效应,应激感觉对积极应对低分组焦虑症状的影响更大。     

社区老年人久坐行为、社会参与度与抑郁的关系研究

目的 调查社区老年人久坐行为、社会参与度与老年抑郁之间关系.方法 在2020年6月至8月间选择安徽省合肥市4个社区的632名60岁及以上的人群为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、久坐行为自评问卷、社会活动参与频率问卷及病人健康问卷抑郁量表对目标人群进行问卷调查,使用Pearson相关分析和logistic回归分析探讨社区老...     

广州市真光中学学生人际关系与人格因素的相关性调查

目的检验人际关系与人格因素之间的相关性。方法抽取60名高中学生进行16种人格因素测试（16PF）,采用社会测量技术得出受测学生的人际关系情况进行分析。结果人缘指标与独立性等4个因素有显著相关关系;人缘“明星”与“孤星”之间的方差分析显示,在稳定性等7个因素差异有统计学意义,人际和谐指数与紧张性等6个因素呈显著相关关系。结论应善于利用测量工具,掌握运用学生心理发展规律,有利于建设和谐集体。