恶性脑膜瘤的MRI表现分析

目的：探讨恶性脑膜瘤的MRI表现,提高其诊断准确率。方法：回顾分析67例经手术病理证实的恶性脑膜瘤临床、病理及MRI资料。结果：肿瘤形态多呈分叶状（26/67）、蘑菇状（7/67）及不规则状（29/67）;肿瘤边缘模糊或部分边缘与周围脑组织、邻近组织分界不清：表现为单纯蛛网膜受侵犯26例、硬脑膜受侵犯18例、脑组织受侵犯8例、脑外组织受侵犯4例;肿瘤信号改变：T1WI呈等、低信号60例、等、高信号3例及较均匀信号4例,T2WI呈不均匀信号64例、较均匀信号3例,增强后均显示不均匀强化;肿瘤恶性度与瘤周水肿具有一定的关联性,瘤周水肿形态表现为：圆晕状水肿20例、指压状水肿18例、不规则水肿24例。结论：恶性脑膜瘤的MRI表现具有一定特征性,但需要注意与良性脑膜瘤鉴别。     

脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的CT与手术病理对照观察

目的：研究脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的发生机制及相关因素。材料和方法：结合手术病理观察，分析３２例脑膜瘤患者的ＣＴ资料。结果：ＣＴ所示的脑膜瘤瘤周水肿程度与手术所见的瘤脑界面有关联性，脑膜瘤瘤脑界面有三种类型：光滑型、移行型和侵蚀型。光滑型不伴有瘤周水肿，移行型多伴有晕带状瘤周水肿，侵蚀型多伴有指状瘤周水肿。脑膜瘤的瘤周水肿与肿瘤的发生部位、大小及病理亚型无显著关联性。结论：根据脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的ＣＴ表现可推测脑实质受侵蚀的程度，为手术方案的制定提供依据     

恶性脑膜瘤的CT、MR及病理研究

目的：探讨恶性脑膜瘤CT、MR表现及其病理学特点。方法：分析11例经临床和病理证实的恶性脑膜瘤CT、MR表现及其病理学改变。探讨CT、MRI诊断恶性脑膜瘤的临床价值。结果：11例恶性脑膜瘤中，顶部镰旁4例，额部镰旁3例，颞极1例，大脑凸面3例。边缘光滑者4例，边缘呈不规则分叶状者7例；密度及信号均匀者4例，混杂密度及信号者7例，内部可见囊变、坏死。灶周无水肿2例，轻度水肿2例，中度水肿4例，重度水肿3例；增强后见硬膜尾征4例，形态光整1例，结节状增厚3例；邻近颅骨破坏3例；1例胸腰椎多发转移，骨质破坏。结论：恶性脑膜瘤CT、MRI具有较为特殊的影像学特点。术前正确认识其表现，有助于制订手术方案。     

恶性脑膜瘤CT与病理对照分析及CT诊断

复习了２０例资料完整经手术和病理证实的恶性脑膜瘤，综合分析其ＣＴ表现为：（１）肿瘤外形不规则，有分叶结节状凸起，边界不清；（２）肿瘤内低密度区及脑膜瘤的非均一强化或环状强化；（３）明显的瘤周水肿；（４）肿瘤侵犯颅骨及颅外软组织。讨论了恶性脑膜瘤的ＣＴ表现与病理组织学关系以及诊断与鉴别诊断。     

脑膜瘤的CT表现与病理对照研究

目的探讨脑膜瘤的CT表现与病理分型之间的关系。方法收集经CT诊断和手术病理证实的脑膜瘤12例,CT检查均采用增强前后常规扫描,病理为手术巨检和切片光镜下所见。结果典型脑膜瘤为过渡型或纤维母细胞型脑膜瘤,密度(信号)均匀,明显均匀强化,15%~20%伴有钙化,无或轻度瘤周水肿。不典型脑膜瘤以合胞体和血管母细胞瘤型脑膜瘤为主,密度(信号)不均匀,无或不均匀强化,瘤周水肿较重。恶性脑膜瘤为混杂密度(信号)肿块,强化不均匀,形状不规则,瘤周水肿明显,伴有骨质破坏。结论CT平扫 增强是诊断脑膜瘤的最主要方法,准确率为95%,在一定程度上可提示脑膜瘤的病理学分型,为术前选择手术方案及判定预后提供信息。     

脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的MRI表现与手术病理对照研究

目的：分析脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的MRI表现与手术、病理的关系。材料和方法：对51例磁共振图像中脑膜瘤的瘤周水肿特点进行分析，并与手术、病理对照。结果：51％脑膜瘤伴瘤周水肿，磁共振T2WI瘤周水肿有月晕型（50％）和指样型（50％）两种，该分型与显微外科手术界面相对应。结论：MRI有助于脑内、外肿瘤的鉴别诊断。     

恶性脑膜瘤MRI表现与病理对照研究

目的：研究ＭＲＩ诊断恶性脑膜瘤特征性表现的可靠性及限制。材料和方法：回顾性分析５０例恶性脑膜瘤的ＭＲＩ表现，与手术病理相对照，同时随机抽取同期５０例良性脑膜瘤加以比较研究。结果：５０例恶性脑膜瘤中，男女之比为１．５：１；ＭＲＩ显示恶性脑膜瘤多呈不规则形（３５／５０），轮廓常呈分叶状（１５／５０），结节状（１２／５０）和锯齿状（８／５０），包膜常不完整（２８／５０），瘤内信号多不均匀（２１／５０），造影后瘤内不均匀强化多见（２６／４０），脑膜尾征以粗短不规则为特征（９／１３），与良性组比较有统计学意义（ｘ２检验：Ｐ＜０．０５）。病灶部位、大小、边缘及瘤周水肿良、恶性者比较无统计学意义。结论：本组术前定位诊断正确率为１００％，定性诊断正确者仅１例，回顾性分析定性诊断正确率可达８６％。因此提高认识、足够重视，恶性脑膜瘤的术前定性诊断正确率将明显提高。     

脑膜瘤伴瘤周水肿的MRI特征分析

目的:探讨脑膜瘤伴瘤周水肿的机制。方法:49例经手术病理证实的脑膜瘤,回顾性分析伴有瘤周水肿脑膜瘤的MRI特征,用Fisher′s检验比较肿瘤大小、部位、边缘、假包膜征及肿瘤T2WI信号与瘤周水肿发生的关系。结果:肿瘤边缘、假包膜征和肿瘤T2WI信号与脑膜瘤瘤周水肿发生明显相关,P值分别是0.016,0.004 和0.041。结论:脑膜瘤脑界面侵袭性模式和T2WI高信号是提示脑膜瘤发生瘤周水肿的因素。     

非典型脑膜瘤的MRI诊断

目的:分析非典型脑膜瘤的MRI表现及病理基础,以提高对该肿瘤的认识.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的15例非典型脑膜瘤的MRI表现,探讨肿瘤的部位、形态、有无出血囊变、瘤体占位效应、瘤周水肿、瘤体信号及强化特点,并行病理对照分析.结果:本组15例非典型脑膜瘤,部位典型者13例(86.7%),典型部位以大脑镰、矢状窦旁、...     

磁共振成像对颅内脑膜瘤水肿分析

目的：探讨脑膜瘤周围脑水肿的程度和肿瘤的生长部位．质地．组织学亚型的相关性．研究其瘤周水肿的形成原因．材料和方法：使用经手术和病理证实的65例脑膜瘤MRI和临床病理资料．观察分析脑膜瘤的瘤周水肿的程度．肿瘤的质地，组织学亚型等．结果：发生于大脑颅盖部或／和有矢状窦受累的脑膜瘤有明显的脑水肿．而发生于其它部位(颅底，丘脑、小脑、脑池等)无或只有轻度脑水肿．结论：轻度脑水肿主要是脑膜瘤对脑组织的直接压迫，而中，重度脑水肿主要是脑膜瘤对大脑表面引流静脉尤其是矢状窦的压迫或阻塞．脑水肿和肿瘤的发生部位有关，面和肿瘤的质地、组织学亚型无关．     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.