散结镇痛片对子宫内膜异位症模型大鼠妊娠功能和激素水平的影响

目的 观察散结镇痛片对子宫内膜异位症模型大鼠妊娠功能和雌激素水平的影响.方法 采用自体种植法制备大鼠子宫内膜异位症模型.手术后将大鼠分为假手术组,模型组,达那唑胶囊(0.070 g/kg)阳性对照组,散结镇痛片低、中、高剂量(0.216、0.432、0.864 g/kg)组及散结镇痛胶囊(0.864 g生药/kg)组,...     

枸橼酸西地那非阴道栓对雌性日本大白兔子宫内膜的影响

目的 探讨枸橼酸西地那非阴道栓对♀性13本大白兔子宫内膜的作用.方法 选取未孕兔子28只,随机分为对照组和枸橼酸西地那非阴道栓高、中、低3个剂量组.对照组使用不含药物的空白栓剂,高、中、低3个剂量组使用每枚含枸橼酸西地那非分别为15、10、5 mg阴道栓.每只兔子每天同一时间使用阴道栓1枚,连续给药20 d后,制取标本,观察子宫内膜厚度的变化,并测定血液中各雌激素的浓度.结果 与对照组相比,高、中、低3个剂量组用药后都能增加兔子子宫内膜的厚度,差异有统计学意义P＜0.05;对照组和高、中、低3个剂量组兔子血液中雌激素水平差异无统计学意义P＞0.05.结论 枸橼酸西地那非阴道栓明显增加兔子子宫内膜的厚度,对兔子的雌激素水平则没有明显影响.     

药物流产后应用雌激素疗效观察

目的 探讨药物流产后使用雌激素对药流后出血,子宫内膜修复的疗效.方法 将药物流产完全流产患者随机分为观察组和对照组各70例,观察组从妊娠囊排出次日加服倍美力0.625mg/次,1次/日连服2周,观察两组流产后出血,子宫内膜修复及宫内残留情况.结果 观察组药物流产后阴道流血时间(10.22±6.74)天,对照组(17.61±7.09)天,两组比较有明显差异(P＜0.05),观察组子宫内膜修复者40例,占57.1%,对照组11例,占15.7%.两组比较有差异性(P＜0.05).结论 药物流产后加用雌激素可促进子宫内膜修复,缩短阴道出血时间.     

青春期海洛因依赖女性生殖系统损害的研究

目的：了解海洛因依赖对青春期女性生殖系统损害。方法：采用填写调查表，进行相关体检，雌激素检测，阴道细胞涂片查卵巢功能，彩色B超测量子宫及子宫内膜和卵巢大小等方法，对55例青春期吸食海洛因女性进行研究，并与正常对照组进行对比研究。结果：显示青春期吸毒组与青春期正常组相比：GnBH、E2、P、阴道细胞雌激素影响水平降低：FSH、LH、pH值升高；子宫、子宫内膜、卵巢、乳房、脂肪和大阴唇萎缩；月经紊乱、停经、性欲下降或缺乏。结论：海洛因依赖对青春期吸毒女性生殖系统有明显损害，患者卵巢功能可能出现早衰。     

经阴道补充雌激素对促排卵期薄型子宫内膜的影响

目的:研究经阴道补充雌激素对促排卵期薄型子宫内膜的影响.方法:选择我院2013年6月～2014年6月接收的不孕症妇女229例作为研究对象,将患者分为四组,A、B、C、D组,分别为57例、56例、66例和50例,其中D组应用克罗米芬(CC)促排卵,A组应用CC+补佳乐,B组应用CC+芬吗通,C组应用CC+补佳乐+芬吗通,比较四组子宫内膜厚度变化、雌激素变化和妊娠率.结果:A、B、C三组妇女治疗后的子宫内膜厚度、雌激素水平、妊娠率显著大于D组,C组治疗后子宫内膜厚度增幅、雌激素水平增幅、妊娠率显著比A、B组大,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:经阴道补充雌激素可改善子宫内膜的容受性,促进胚胎着床,改善不孕症状.     

妇科再造丸对子宫肌瘤模型大鼠的保护作用研究

目的:研究妇科再造丸(FKW)对子宫肌瘤模型大鼠的保护作用。方法:实验分为6组,即正常对照、模型、桂枝茯苓胶囊(0.3g·kg-1)与FKW高、中、低剂量(1.12、0.56、0.28g·kg-1)组。雌二醇(E2)、孕激素(P)负荷法复制大鼠子宫平滑肌瘤样增生模型,观察子宫组织病理改变,检测子宫组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)表达与血清中E2、P水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型大鼠较正常大鼠子宫明显增大,血清中E2、P水平显著升高,子宫组织中ER、PR的表达显著增强(P<0.01);与模型组比较,FKW高、中、低剂量组血清中E2、P水平显著降低,FKW高剂量组平滑肌细胞ER、PR的表达显著减弱(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:FKW有抗大鼠子宫平滑肌瘤样增生的作用,其机制可能与调节血中E2、P水平,抑制子宫平滑肌细胞ER、PR的表达有关。     

二苯乙烯苷的雌激素样作用及其对性未成熟小鼠子宫ER表达的影响

目的:探讨二苯乙烯苷(TSG)的雌激素样作用,以及其对性未成熟小鼠子宫雌激素受体(ER)表达的影响。方法:将60只性未成熟雌性昆明种小鼠随机分为正常组,阳性对照组(戊酸雌二醇,0.18 mg/kg),TSG低、高剂量组(50、150 mg/kg),TSG低、高剂量+戊酸雌二醇组(剂量同单用组)。正常组小鼠灌胃等体积水,各给药组小鼠灌胃相应药物溶液0.2 mL/10 g,早晚各1次,连续5d。末次给药次日,测定并计算各组小鼠子宫指数和体质量增幅;采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测其血清雌激素[雌二醇(E_2)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡雌激素(FSH)]含量;采用苏木精-伊红染色法观察其子宫组织形态学特征,并检测子宫管径和子宫内膜厚度;采用免疫组织化学染色法检测其子宫组织中ER(ER-α、ER-β)的表达水平。结果:正常组小鼠子宫肌层排列平行、紧密,子宫上皮呈单层柱状,ER-α、ER-β表达较少;各给药组小鼠子宫管径、内膜及上皮均不同程度地增大、增厚或增生,ER-α、ER-β表达有所变化。与正常组比较,各给药组小鼠子宫指数(阳性对照组、TSG高剂量组、TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)、体质量增幅(阳性对照组、TSG高剂量组、TSG低剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)、子宫管径及内膜厚度(阳性对照组、TSG低剂量组、TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)、ER-α的表达量(阳性对照组、TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)、ER-β的表达量(阳性对照组、TSG高剂量组+戊酸雌二醇联用组)均显著升高,血清LH(阳性对照组、TSG高剂量组)、FSH(TSG低剂量+戊酸雌二醇组)水平均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组小鼠子宫指数、子宫管径及内膜厚度、ER-α及ER-β的表达量以及TSG低剂量+戊酸雌二醇组小鼠体质量增幅、血清E_2含量均显著高于TSG同剂量单用组(P<0.05或P<0.01);TSG各剂量组小鼠子宫指数、子宫管径及内膜厚度、ER-α及ER-β的表达量,TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组小鼠子宫管径、ER-β的表达量以及TSG低剂量组小鼠体质量增幅均显著低于阳性对照组,而TSG各剂量+戊酸雌二醇组小鼠血清LH水平均显著高于阳性对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:TSG可一定程度地增加性未成熟小鼠的子宫指数和体质量,并调节其体内雌激素水平,增加子宫管径及内膜厚度,上调子宫组织中ER的表达,具有一定的雌激素样作用。但这种作用弱于戊酸雌二醇,且两者联合使用可能会拮抗戊酸雌二醇的作用。     

雌激素联合甲硝唑治疗萎缩性阴道炎疗效及不良反应率分析

目的:分析雌激素联合甲硝唑用于萎缩性阴道炎治疗疗效及不良反应率.方法:抽取于2017年10月～2018年12月某院收治的90例萎缩性阴道炎患者开展本次研究,随机将其分为对照组和治疗组各45例.对照组用甲硝唑治疗,治疗组用雌激素联合甲硝唑治疗,对比临床观察指标、治疗总有效率、不良反应发生率.结果:子宫内膜厚度、阴道pH值...     

化红胶囊对去势大鼠骨质疏松的影响

目的:探讨化红胶囊对去势大鼠骨质疏松的影响及作用机制。方法:取3月龄SD雌性大鼠经去势手术或者是假阳性手术后,喂以去大豆特殊饲料7周以诱导骨丢失。经去势手术大鼠进一步分为化红胶囊组(1.0,0.5,0.25 g.kg-1)、模型组、己烯雌酚组,连续给药12周。检测大鼠血清的骨钙素、雌二醇、尿中脱氧吡啶啉含量,以及椎骨末端骨小梁的变化情况。结果:化红胶囊能降低大鼠血清中骨钙素以及尿液中脱氧吡啶啉含量,提高血清中雌二醇含量,与模型组相比,1.0g.kg-1,0.5 g.kg-1剂量组差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。骨小梁的形态学观察及数据分析显示,与模型组相比,化红胶囊可以提高骨小梁面积百分比,与模型组相比,1.0,0.5 g.kg-1剂量组差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:化红胶囊可以降低去势大鼠骨转换率和骨吸收程度,提高骨小梁平均面积百分比,是一种潜在的治疗绝经后骨质疏松药物,其作用机制之一可能与化红胶囊雌激素样作用有关。     

妇科再造胶囊对促性腺激素释放激素激动剂超促排卵大鼠子宫内膜容受性的影响

目的:探讨妇科再造胶囊对促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)超促排卵大鼠子宫内膜容受性的影响,为其临床应用提供药理学实验依据。方法:选取无特定病原(SPF)级SD大鼠,将大鼠随机分为3组:妇科再造胶囊组(实验组)、正常组、模型组。取妊娠大鼠第2、5天子宫,制作阴道脱落细胞涂片并对各组大鼠不同时段的内膜成熟度、子宫指数等指标进行观察、检测,研究妇科再造胶囊对子宫内膜容受性相关因素的影响。结果:实验组子宫指数明显高于正常组、模型组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),实验组孕2 d、孕5 d同组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组孕2 d、5d发育情况与正常组、模型组比较明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:妇科再造胶囊通过提高子宫指数、改善子宫内膜成熟度、使子宫内膜发育正常,来增加着床期内膜糖原含量,促进胞饮突正常发育。该研究为临床应用妇科再造胶囊改善子宫内膜容受性提供了参考。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.