MMI-166对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990体外增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂MMI-166对人胰腺癌SW1990细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法 应用不同浓度(25、50、100μg/ml)的MMI-166处理人胰腺癌SW1990细胞24、48 h.用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖抑制率;采用Annexin V-PI法检测细胞凋亡,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率.结果 25、50、100μg/ml MMI-166处理细胞24h后,细胞生长抑制率分别为(34.23±3.87)％、(44.81±2.01)％、(53.91±1.74)％;48 h的抑制率为(39.95±1.83)％、(52.26±3.46)％、(63.20±2.48)％,呈浓度及时间依赖性.24h的细胞凋亡率分别为(4.17±0.55)％、(8.22±0.70)％、( 14.10±0.44)％;48 h的细胞凋亡率为(11.19±0.47)％、(23.01±0.53)％、(28.10±0.52)％,均显著高于对照组的(0.09±0.12)％(P＜0.05).结论 MMI-166以浓度和时间依赖性抑制胰腺癌SW1990细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡.     

斑蝥素抑制裸鼠胰腺癌移植瘤生长研究

目的 探讨斑蝥素对荷瘤裸鼠胰腺癌移植瘤生长的影响.方法 在培养人胰腺癌SW1990细胞的基础上建立荷瘤裸鼠胰腺癌模型,瘤内注射斑蝥素1 mg/kg体重作为斑蝥素组,瘤内注射等量生理盐水作为对照组,观测移植瘤大小改变及p53、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的变化.结果 两组裸鼠移植瘤的体积随着时间的延长而明显增加,但斑蝥素组的增长幅度明显小于对照组(P＜0.05),移植后27 d瘤体缩小40%;斑蝥素组移植瘤Bcl-2无强阳性(+ +～+ + +)表达,p53强阳性表达6只(85.7%),Bax强阳性表达3只(42.9%),对照组强阳性表达分别为2只(33.3%)、3只(50%)和2只(33.3%).Bcl-2、p53表达两组差异显著(P＜0.05),而Bax表达无显著差异.结论 斑蝥素可明显抑制裸鼠胰腺癌移植瘤的生长,其机制可能与斑蝥素下调Bcl-2蛋白表达,上调p53蛋白表达有关.     

雷公藤内酯醇抑制胰腺癌细胞生长及血管生成的实验研究

目的 探讨雷公藤内酯醇(TL)对胰腺癌细胞生长及肿瘤新生血管生成的抑制作用.方法 采用CCK-8试剂盒检测TL对胰腺癌SW1990细胞的生长抑制作用;采用TUNEL法检测TL对细胞凋亡的诱导作用;观察尾静脉注射TL对裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制作用和对瘤组织VEGF表达、微血管密度(MVD)的影响.结果 TL呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制SW1990细胞增殖,160 mg/ml的TL干预SW1990细胞24 h,细胞抑制率达50.6%,细胞凋亡率从对照组的9.6%升高到45.1%(P<0.01);TL0.5 mg/kg体重瘤内注射对移植瘤的抑瘤率达89.9%,瘤组织VEGF表达减少,MVD从36.25±8.64减少到9.87±3.34(P<0.01).结论 TL可显著抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡;通过抑制肿瘤新生血管生成可抑制裸鼠SW1990细胞移植瘤的生长.     

沙利度胺对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990体外增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 观察沙利度胺(THD)体外抑制人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990增殖及诱导其凋亡的作用.方法 应用不同浓度的THD(3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50、100、200、400μg/ml)处理胰腺癌SW1990细胞24、48、72 h,用MTT法测定细胞的生长抑制率,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,Annexin V/PI检测细胞凋亡率,蛋白质印迹法检测细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达.结果 THD呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制胰腺癌细胞SW1990的生长.200μg/ml的THD干预使SW1990细胞G0/G1期比例从(41.15±2.23)％上升到(58.83 ±2.33)％;细胞凋亡率从2.6％增加到28.0％;细胞Bax蛋白表达量从0.17±0.03上调到0.33±0.04,Bcl-2蛋白表达量从0.35±0.02下调到0.17±0.01,Bcl-2/Bax比值从2.17±0.44下降到0.52±0.07.结论 THD可以抑制SW1990细胞增殖,其机制可能与上调Bax蛋白表达、下调Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进细胞凋亡,将细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期有关.     

磷酸化转录激活因子5在胰腺癌细胞的表达及生长激素的干预作用

目的 检测磷酸化转录激活因子5(pSTAT5)在7株胰腺癌细胞株中的表达,观察生长激素(GH)处理SW1990细胞及其移植瘤后pSTAT5表达的变化,探讨GH的分子作用机制.方法 体外培养人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、Cap-1、Colo、Mia、Aspc、P3、PANC1,Western blotting检测各株细胞的pSTAT5表达;收集指数生长期的SW1990细胞接种于BALB/C裸鼠,成瘤后随机分为GH组(瘤内注入GH 4 mg·kg-1·d-1,连续2周)和对照组(NS组),最后一次注射GH后1、2、24 h分批处死裸鼠,Western blotting检测SW1990细胞和移植瘤pSTAT5蛋白表达的变化.结果 所有胰腺癌细胞(SW1990、Cap-1、Colo、Mia、Aspc、P3、PANC1)均有pSTAT5表达.GH(50 ng/ml)刺激后5 min,SW1990细胞pSTAT5的表达量为0.57±0.05,较刺激前显著增高,10 min达到0.64±0.04,15 min很快下降至0.39±0.03,但直至1 h仍高于对照组(0.33±0.02对0.25±0.06),2 h后表达量为0.26±0.03,回落到基础水平.移植瘤pSTAT5表达无明显变化.结论 GH可迅速上调SW1990细胞的pSTAT5表达,但维持时间较短,而对胰腺癌移植瘤pSTAT5的表达无显著影响.     

STAT3基因沉默对人胰腺癌SW1990细胞的裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响

目的 观察信号转导与转录激活因子3（STAT3）基因表达沉默后对人胰腺癌SW1990细胞的裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响,探讨其机制.方法 构建靶向STAT3短发卡RNA（shRNA）表达载体,稳定转染胰腺癌SW1990细胞（SW1990-RNAi组）,以转染阴性对照shRNA表达载体细胞（SW1990-Con组）及亲本SW1990细胞（SW1990组）作为对照.应用蛋白质印迹法检测各组细胞STAT3、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）蛋白的表达.建立各组细胞的裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,观察移植瘤的生长,应用免疫组化法检测移植瘤的CD34表达,计算肿瘤的微血管密度（MVD）.结果 SW1990组、SW1990-Con组、SW1990-RNAi组细胞的STAT3蛋白表达量分别为84.69±9.31、82.00±7.76、7.93±1.24,VEGF蛋白表达量分别为82.94±8.97、80.86±10.28、39.04±6.23,MMP-2蛋白表达量分别为40.88±5.09、38.26±5.71、12.54±2.15,SW1990-RNAi组均显著低于其他两组（P值均＜0.05）,而SW1990-Con组与SW1990组细胞的3种蛋白表达量差异均无统计学意义.SW1990组、SW1990-Con组、SW1990-RNAi组裸鼠移植瘤的重量分别为（2.2±0.4）、（2.2±0.3）、（0.5±0.3）g,瘤组织的MVD分别为每高倍视野（20.35±2.41）、（18.79±1.94）、（9.62±1.06）个,SW1990-RNAi组均显著低于其他两组（P值＜0.05或＜0.01）,而SW1990组与SW1990-Con组间的差异均无统计学意义.结论 STAT3基因表达被抑制后SW1990细胞的裸鼠移植瘤生长减缓,其机制可能是通过下调VEGF及MMP-2的表达、抑制肿瘤血管形成所致.     

斑蝥素诱导人胰腺癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 探讨斑蝥素(Cantharidin)对人胰腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法 采用MTT法观察斑蝥素对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990细胞增殖的抑制作用.采用Hoechst 33258染色、TUNNEL染色、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡改变,并以RT-PCR和Western blot检测凋亡调节基因p53和Bcl-2、Bax的表达.结果 5μmol/L斑蝥素能明显抑制人胰腺癌SW1990细胞的生长,呈现凋亡特征.RT-PCR和Western blot检测可见Bax、p53基因表达显著增加,而Bc1-2基因表达减少.结论 斑蝥素能诱导人胰腺癌细胞凋亡,其作用可能与上调p53、Bax基因和下调Bcl-2基因有关.     

硼替佐米对胰腺癌细胞BxPC3、SW1990生长抑制作用的体外研究

目的 观察硼替佐米对胰腺癌细胞BxPC3、SW1990增殖、凋亡的影响,探讨硼替佐米杀伤癌细胞的可能机制.方法 应用1、10、50、100、500 nmol/L及1、10 μmol/L的硼替佐米干预BxPC3、SW1990细胞,以硼替佐米未干预的细胞作为对照组.采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞的增殖;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;RT-PCR法检测Bak、Bax、Bcl-2、Bcl-xl、survivin mRNA表达;蛋白质印迹法检测pro-caspase-3、cleaved-caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2、surviving蛋白表达.结果 大于50 nmol/L的硼替佐米干预胰腺癌BxPC3、SW1990细胞时,呈浓度及时间依赖性抑制细胞的增殖,其中硼替佐米对BxPC3细胞的生长抑制作用显著大于对SW1990细胞的作用,两者差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）.100 nmol/L硼替佐米干预组BxPC3和SW1990细胞凋亡率分别为（22.56±4.23）％和（（12.71±2.23）％,显著高于对照组的（2.15±0.47）％和（2.32±0.54）％（P值均＜0.05）,且BxPC3细胞的凋亡率显著高于SW1990细胞（P＜0.05）.100 nmol/L硼替佐米干预48 h后BxPC3和SW1990细胞的Bak mRNA表达无显著变化,Bax mRNA及蛋白表达显著增加（P值均＜0.05）,Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达及Bcl-xl mRNA表达均减少（P值均＜0.05）.survivin mRNA和蛋白表达在BxPC3细胞中均减少,而在SW1990细胞中均增加（P值均＜0.05）.2株细胞的pro-caspase-3蛋白表达减少,而cleaved-caspase-3蛋白表达增加（P值均＜0.05）.结论 硼替佐米可抑制胰腺癌细胞BxPC3、SW1990的增殖、诱导凋亡,对BxPC3细胞的作用高于对SW1990细胞,其机制可能与激活线粒体内源性凋亡途径及survivin参与的肿瘤耐药相关.     

赛来昔布联合热疗治疗胰腺癌的研究

目的 研究选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂赛来昔布联合热疗对人胰腺癌生长的抑制作用.方法 分别应用热疗、赛来昔布(100 μmol/L)及两者联合处理胰腺癌SW1990细胞,MTF法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪法检测细胞凋亡.建立裸鼠胰腺癌移植瘤模型,分别给予热疗、赛来昔布及两者联合应用,观察移植瘤的生长、病理改变,RT-PCR检测bcl-2及bax mRNA的表达.结果 热疗、赛来昔布及联合组SW1990细胞存活率分别为(56.63±5.78)%、(44.55±4.76)%和(21.83±2.33)%;细胞凋亡比例分别为11.78%、17.33%和33.32%;抑瘤率分别为81.3%、93.0%、99.7%,各组间差异均非常显著(P＜0.01).以联合组的治疗效果最明显.各组瘤组织bax mRNA表达上调,以联合组上调最明显,各组间差异显著(P＜0.05);bcl-2表达无变化.结论 赛来昔布、热疗在体内外实验中均对胰腺癌治疗有效,两者联合应用具有协同效应.其机制可能是通过上调bax的表达而诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡.     

斑蝥素诱导人胰腺癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 探讨斑蝥素（Cantharidin）对人胰腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法采用MTT法观察斑蝥素对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990细胞增殖的抑制作用。采用Hoechst33258染色、TUNNEL染色、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡改变，并以RT—PCR和Westernblot检测凋亡调节基因p53和Bcl-2、Bax的表达。结果 5mol／L斑蝥素能明显抑制人胰腺癌SW1990细胞的生长，呈现凋亡特征。RT—PCR和Westernblot检测可见Bax、p53基因表达显著增加，而Bcl—2基因表达减少。结论 斑蝥素能诱导人胰腺癌细胞凋亡，其作用可能与上调p53、Bax基因和下调Bcl-2基因有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.