后路单开门椎管成形术与全椎板切除减压术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的对比研究

[目的]探讨颈椎后路单开门微型钛板内固定椎管成形术与全椎板切除减压侧块螺钉内固术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的临床效果。[方法]入选80例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者,随机分为单开门组和全椎板切除组,实施减压内固定术。术后随访时间为12~24个月。从手术时间、术中失血量、颈椎曲度指数丢失度、脊髓后移距离、颈椎活动丢失角度、神经功能改善率及并发症等几个方面比较两组的临床效果。[结果]单开门组在手术时间、术中透视时间、术中出血量等方面明显少于全椎板切除组;在脊髓后移距离、颈椎曲度指数、颈椎活动丢失角度等方面少于全椎板切除组。两组在神经功能改善率及并发症发生率方面无显著差异。[结论]后路单开门钛板内固定椎管扩大成形术,手术操作简单,创伤小,疗效确切,可作为颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的首选术式。     

K线在预测颈椎全椎板切除减压治疗多节段后纵韧带骨化症疗效中的应用

[目的]分析K线在预测颈椎后路全椎板切除减压植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症临床疗效及术后并发症中的作用。[方法]回顾性分析2009年6月~2013年6月期间,本科采用颈椎后路全椎板切除减压植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段(≥3个)颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者28例。分别观察K线阳性组(骨化物未超过K线范围)及K线阴性组(骨化物超过K线范围)术前及术后JOA评分、JOA评分改善率以及两组手术并发症情况。[结果]两组患者年龄、术中出血量、手术时间及术前JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后JOA评分、末次随访时JOA评分、术后平均改善率及末次随访平均改善率K线阳性组患者均高于K线阴性组患者,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后并发症两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]术前通过K线与颈椎后纵韧带骨化症椎管内骨化物的关系,可以有效预测全椎板切除减压植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的临床疗效。     

后路全椎板减压Cervifix内固定术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

对于多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的治疗，目前国内大多数倾向于后路颈椎板成形术^[1，2]。而对于全椎板切除减压术．因其破坏性较大、并发症多等原因，已很少有人问津。但全椎板切除减压术术式简单、减压充分，加上Cervifix钉棒内固定系统的应用则明显减少了全椎板切除减压术的诸多弊端，提高了手术疗效。自1998年6月～2002年6月，采用     

后路全椎板减压Cervifix内固定术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

对于多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的治疗 ,目前国内大多数倾向于后路颈椎板成形术[1 ,2 ] 。而对于全椎板切除减压术 ,因其破坏性较大、并发症多等原因 ,已很少有人问津。但全椎板切除减压术术式简单、减压充分 ,加上Cervifix钉棒内固定系统的应用则明显减少了全椎板切除减压术的诸多弊端 ,提高了手术疗效。自 1 998年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月 ,采用颈后路全椎板切除减压加Cervifix钉棒系统内固定术治疗多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症 1 0例 ,下面就这一术式的手术方法及疗效作一探讨。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 1 0例中男 8例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 4 6～…     

颈椎后路三种手术方式对改善多节段颈椎病生理曲度及疗效的远期观察

[目的]本研究通过回顾性分析行颈椎后路手术的多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并后纵韧带骨化(ossificationofposteriorlongitudinalligament.OPLL)患者的颈椎曲率变化、JOA评分改善率以及颈肩轴性痛VAS评分改善率,比较颈椎后路三种手术方式对改善颈椎曲度、神经功能及轴性症状的远期影响.[方法]根据手术方式分三组:A组颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术29例,B组颈椎后路全椎板切除术23例,C组颈椎后路全椎板切除侧块螺钉内固定术26例,记录术前、术后的颈椎曲度、JOA评分及轴性症状等.[结果]JOA评分改善率:3组患者术后与术前相比均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).末次随访时c组最高.颈椎曲度改善率:C组最好,A组次之,B组最差.并发症发生情况:在轴性症状上,3组的VAS评分两两比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组最高,A组次之,C组最低.[结论]采用颈椎后路三种手术方式治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并OPLL均能达到良好的疗效.颈椎后路全椎板切除侧块螺钉内固定术可有效改善神经功能,恢复和保持颈椎曲度,降低轴性症状及C5神经根麻痹发生率.     

颈椎病单开门椎板成形术中是否切除C_3椎板

[目的]比较颈椎后路单开门椎板成形术中切除与保留C_3椎板治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。[方法] 2018年1月—2019年12月，对56例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行后路单开门椎板成形术，其中，31例术中切除C_3椎板（切除组），25例术中保留C_3椎板（保留组）。比较两组患者围手术期、随访与影像资料。[结果]切除组手术时间显著少于保留组（P0.05），但两组间术中出血量、术后引流量和平均住院时间的差异无统计学意义（P0.05)。随时间推移，两组患者JOA评分显著增加（P0.05），而VAS评分显著减少（P0.05）。术前和术后3个月，两组间的JOA与VAS评分的差异无统计学意义（P0.05），但是，末次随访时，切除组的JOA和VAS评分均显著优于保留组（P0.05）。影像方面，与术前相比，末次随访时两组患者C_(2～7)Cobb角无显著变化（P0.05），切除组C_(2～7)矢状垂线（sagittal vertical axis, SVA）无显著变化（P0.05），而保留组C_(2～7)SVA显著增加（P0.05）。末次随访时，切除组的C_(2～7)SVA显著小于保留组（P0.05）。[结论]单开门椎板成形术中C_3椎板切除能够增加颈椎的前向稳定性，减小传统术式对颈椎矢状面力线的影响。     

全椎板减压侧块螺钉内固定治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨后路全椎板减压侧块螺钉内固定治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的疗效。方法：32例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者,平均年龄57.5岁,分别行后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术（A组,17例）和全椎板减压侧块螺钉内固定术（B组,15例）治疗。随访观察并比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后神经功能恢复情况及手术并发症的发生情况,并对两组患者术后颈椎的生理曲度及颈项肩背部疼痛、僵硬等轴性症状进行评估。结果：A组患者术后均无椎板开门再闭发生,B组患者术后植骨均完全融合,无内固定脱出、断裂等并发症发生。随访12个月,J     

后路椎板切除联合钉棒系统固定治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的疗效分析

目的探讨后路椎板切除联合钉棒系统固定治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的疗效、并发症及其影像因素。方法2002年1月-2006年12月,采用后路椎板切除联合钉棒系统固定治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者54例,采用JOA评分评价患者神经功能恢复,将患者分为疗效良好、疗效不佳2组。分析患者年龄、性别、症状持续时间、神经功能、合并糖尿病、椎管矢状径、颈椎曲度、椎管狭窄率、骨化物分型、脊髓压迫率、脊髓高信号等相关因素对患者手术疗效的影响。结果随访1-4年,平均2,3年。术后患者脊髓前后径及神经功能JOA评分明显提高,但颈椎曲度改善不明显。其中35例患者手术疗效良好,19例患者疗效不佳,多因素分析示患者术前颈椎曲度及骨化物横断面分型可影响患者手术疗效。本组并发症包括7例C5神经根麻痹,5例颈肩部的轴性痛和2例血肿压迫。结论后路椎板切除联合钉棒系统固定是一种适合于治疗多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的手术方式,患者术前颈椎曲度及横断面骨化分型对患者手术疗效具有重要意义。     

影响慢性压迫性颈脊髓病疗效的因素

慢性压迫性颈脊髓病(Chronic cervieal com-pression myelopathy)是颈脊髓缓慢受压性损害引起的综合征,原发疾病较多,如脊髓型颈椎病、后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)、颈椎间盘突出症及发育性椎管狭窄症等。其疗效取决于多种因素,手术方法选择、术后是否出现并发症以及疾病本身的特点均可能成为影响疗效的原因。1手术方法与疗效 有报告颈椎前、后路手术其疗效无显著性差异[1],但亦有报告颈椎椎体次全切除术其疗效明显优于颈椎前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术和颈椎后路椎板切除术,其后二种手术的疗效无显著性差异[2]。 颈椎前后路手术对改善颈脊髓病不同…     

单节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前后路手术的疗效比较

目的比较前路与后路手术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的疗效。方法回顾2006年1月～2010年12月,收治的24例单节段颈椎OPLL患者,根据手术入路分为2组,前路手术(A组)10例,行前路骨化节段椎体次全切除、骨化的后纵韧带切除,前路植骨融合内固定;后路手术(B组)14例,行后路减压,以骨化节段椎板为中心,切除3节段全椎板,后路植骨融合,内固定。比较2组患者术前、术后1周、3个月、12个月和24个月的日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分以及并发症情况。结果所有患者JOA评分均有不同程度的改善,较术前的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但2组患者术后JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组术后并发脑脊液漏及脊髓功能下降各1例;B组术后并发C5神经综合征及切口脂肪液化各1例。结论单节段颈椎OPLL前路手术与后路手术的近中期疗效无明显差异。后路手术风险相对较小,前路手术难度较大,并发症较严重。     

BMP-2/7 heterodimer strongly induces bone regeneration in the absence of increased soft tissue inflammation

Background Context

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/7 heterodimer is a stronger inducer of bone regeneration than individual homodimers. However, clinical application of its potent bone induction ability may be hampered if its use is accompanied by excessive inflammatory reactions.

Alphavbeta integrins play an essential role in BMP-2 induction of osteoblast differentiation.

Both integrins and BMP-2 exert similar effects on osteoblasts. We examined the relationship between the alphav-containing integrins (alphavbeta) and BMP-2 in osteoblast function. BMP-2 stimulates alphavbeta expression. BMP-2 receptors co-localize/overlap with alphavbeta integrins, and the intact function of alphavbeta is essential in BMP-2 activity. INTRODUCTION: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 not only induces osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix mineralization, but also stimulates osteoblast migration on and adhesion to bone matrix proteins. The alphavbeta- and beta1- (alphabeta1) containing integrins mediate osteoblast interaction with many bone matrix proteins and play important roles in osteoblast adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Because alphavbeta integrins and BMP-2 share common effects on osteoblasts, we analyzed their relationship in osteoblast function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of BMP-2 on integrin expression were determined by surface labeling/immunoprecipitation and cell adhesion to matrix proteins. Confocal analysis of the immunostained cells and co-immunoprecipitation of cell extracts were used to study the spatial relationship between integrins and BMP-2 receptors. A function-blocking anti-alphavbeta integrin antibody (L230) was employed to investigate the roles of alphavbeta integrins in BMP-2 function. RESULTS: Human osteoblasts (HOBs) express alphabeta1, alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5, alphavbeta6, and alphavbeta8 integrins at focal adhesion sites. BMP-2 increases the levels of these integrins on osteoblast surface and enhances HOB adhesion to osteopontin and vitronectin. Immunoprecipitation and immunostaining analyses show that BMP-2 receptors co-localize or overlap with alphavbeta and alphabeta1 integrins. Incubation of HOBs with L230 abolishes the antiproliferative effect of BMP-2 and reduces the capacity of BMP-2 to stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein. Furthermore, L230 prevents BMP-2 induction of matrix mineralization. Although BMP-2 retains its receptor-binding capability in the presence of L230, BMP-2 stimulation of Smad signaling is abolished by L230. CONCLUSION: BMP-2 upregulates the expression of alphavbeta integrins, and these integrins, in turn, play a critical role in BMP-2 function in osteoblasts.     

P2Y1 Transient Overexpression Induced Mineralization in Spinal Ligament Cells Derived from Patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Cervical Spine

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is characterized by ectopic bone formation in the spinal ligaments. We previously reported that P2 purinoceptor Y1 (P2Y1) expression is elevated in the spinal ligament cells of OPLL patients, but the role of P2Y1 in the spinal ligament calcification process is unknown. To verify the hypothesis that P2Y1 expression causes ossification of the spinal ligaments, we forced expression of P2Y1 in spinal ligament cells obtained from OPLL and non-OPLL patients using a cytomegaloviral vector. The expression of mRNA and protein was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. After transfection, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and Sox9 mRNA expression was significantly increased in spinal ligament cells derived from OPLL patients (4.36- and 6.44-fold, respectively) compared with cells from non-OPLL patients (0.57- and 3.64-fold, respectively) 2 days after P2Y1 transient transfection. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation was observed between BMP-2 and P2Y1 mRNA expression levels in cells obtained from OPLL patients but not from non-OPLL patients. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that BMP-2 and P2Y1 expression was increased in OPLL patients only, while Sox9 expression was increased in OPLL and non-OPLL patients. MRS2279, a selective P2Y1 antagonist, blocked the upregulation of Sox9 and BMP-2 after forced expression of P2Y1. Furthermore, 4 days after transient transfection of P2Y1, mineralization was observed only in spinal ligament cells from OPLL patients. These results suggest that P2Y1 expression plays an important role in ectopic bone formation in the spinal ligaments of OPLL patients.     

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Stimulates Differentiation of Cultured Spinal Ligament Cells from Patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is characterized by heterotopic bone formation occurring in spinal ligament, causing severe compression myelopathy. In order to investigate the mechanism of OPLL development, we isolated spinal ligament cells from OPLL patients as well as non-OPLL patients, and established 10 OPLL cell lines and 7 non-OPLL cell lines, respectively. We analyzed the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on these cells with respect to alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and collagen production. BMP-2 caused a significant increase of AP activity in 4 OPLL cell lines, whereas the activity did not change in any non-OPLL cells. Among OPLL cells, BMP-2 stimulated DNA synthesis in four cell lines and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide (PICP) synthesis in five cell lines. Some non-OPLL cells also responded to BMP-2, as there was an increase of DNA synthesis in three cell lines and PICP synthesis in one cell line. These data collectively indicate that BMP-2 preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. OPLL cells, therefore, exhibit a different response to BMP-2 than non-OPLL cells, suggesting that the expression of BMP receptor(s) and/or the signal transduction initiated by BMP-2 in the spinal ligament cells of OPLL patients somewhat deviate from those in normal spinal ligament cells. Such abnormal characteristics of OPLL cells as described here provide some clues to the clarification of the pathogenesis of OPLL. Received: 1 April 1996 / Accepted: 19 July 1996     

New insights into BMP-7 mediated osteoblastic differentiation of primary human mesenchymal stem cells

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily of growth factors. Several BMPs exhibit osteoinductive bioactivities, and are critical for bone formation in both developing and mature skeletal systems. BMP-7 (OP-1) is currently used clinically in revision of posterolateral spine fusions and long bone non-unions. The current study characterizes BMP-7 induced gene expression during early osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Primary hMSC were treated with BMP-7 for 24 or 120 h and gene expression across the entire human genome was evaluated using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays. 955 probe sets representing 655 genes and 95 ESTs were identified as differentially expressed and were organized into three major expression profiles (Profiles A, B and C) by hierarchical clustering. Genes from each profile were classified according to biochemical pathway analyses. Profile A, representing genes upregulated by BMP-7, revealed strong enrichment for established osteogenic marker genes, as well as several genes with undefined roles in osteoblast function, including MFI2, HAS3, ADAMTS9, HEY1, DIO2 and FGFR3. A functional screen using siRNA suggested roles for MFI2, HEY1 and DIO2 in osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC. Profile B contained genes transiently downregulated by BMP-7, including numerous genes associated with cell cycle regulation. Follow-up studies confirmed that BMP-7 attenuates cell cycle progression and cell proliferation during early osteoblastic differentiation. Profile C, comprised of genes continuously downregulated by BMP-7, exhibited strong enrichment for genes associated with chemokine/cytokine activity. Inhibitory effects of BMP-7 on cytokine secretion were verified by analysis of enriched culture media. Potent downregulation of CHI3L1, a potential biomarker for numerous joint diseases, was also observed in Profile C. A focused evaluation of BMP, GDF and BMP inhibitor expression elucidated feedback loops modulating BMP-7 bioactivity. BMP-7 was found to induce BMP-2 and downregulate GDF5 expression. Transient knockdown of BMP-2 using siRNA demonstrated that osteoinductive properties associated with BMP-7 are independent of endogenous BMP-2 expression. Noggin was identified as the predominant inhibitor induced by BMP-7 treatment. Overall, this study provides new insight into key bioactivities characterizing early BMP-7 mediated osteoblastic differentiation.     

卵巢去势对骨折愈合超微结构和BMP-4基因表达的影响

目的:探索雌激素对骨折愈合超微结构和骨形态发生蛋白-4(BMP-4)基因的定位分布的影响.方法:选用健康SD大鼠,随机分为卵巢切除(OVX)组和假手术对照(S)组.制成胫骨骨折愈合模型并分别于骨折后不同时间点处死取材.通过电镜观察超微结构变化;采用原位杂交方法研究卵巢去势对BMP-4基因表达影响.结果:(1)OVX组在骨痂形态及成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性与S组比较有明显差异;(2)骨折后1～3d BMP-4m RNA表达强度:S组＜OVX组.结论:雌激素缺乏时,骨转换加快,从而BMP-4表达增多.雌激素在骨折愈合过程中起重要作用.     

慢性肾小球肾炎中医本证证型与肾纤维化程度关系研究

目的观察慢性肾小球肾炎肾组织骨形态蛋白-7（BMP-7）表达与Ⅲ型胶原（CobⅢ）、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、肾间质纤维化程度、肾功能的关系,探讨BMP-7表达与中医证型之间的关系。方法用免疫组化法检测60例慢性肾小球肾炎及6例正常肾组织中BMP-7、Col—Ⅲ、α-SMA表达,并用计算机图像分析软件检测肾小管和间质BMP7、Col一Ⅲ、α-SMA阳性染色相对面积;常规病理检查;入选患者于肾活检前24h内行中医证候分析。结果与正常对照组比较,慢性肾小球肾炎患者BMP-7表达明显下降。BMP-7表达随着肾小管间质纤维化加重呈明显降低趋势,并同Col-Ⅲ、α—SMA的表达呈显著负相关。肺肾气虚、肝肾阴虚、气阴两虚、脾肾阳虚型慢性肾小球肾炎患者BMP-7表达较正常对照组显著下降。气阴两虚型、脾肾阳虚型BMP-7表达较肝肾阴虚型显著降低。肝。肾阴虚型BMP-7较肺肾气虚型显著降低。结论BMP7表达可以作为慢性肾小球肾炎肾问质纤维化程度的参考指标。BMP-7表达随着肺肾气虚型、肝肾阴虚型、气阴两虚型、脾肾阳虚型逐渐下降,这可能是患者出现不同中医证型表现的内在因素之一。     

改良椎板成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症术后颈椎矢状位参数变化与临床疗效关系

目的:探讨C3椎板切除、C7椎板U形切除的改良椎板成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)术后颈椎矢状位参数变化及其对临床疗效的影响。方法:采用病例对照研究的方法,纳入99例OPLL患者。其中C3切除组42例,男22例,女20例,平均年龄61.4±9.23岁(39~78岁),采用C3椎板切除、C4-6椎板单开门、C7椎板U型切除。同期采用标准单开门椎管扩大成形术(C3开门组)患者57例,男31例,女26例,平均年龄59.3±8.65岁(41~79岁)。平均随访45.9±8.8个月,观察两组患者术前术后JOA、NDI评分,观察两组患者术前后颈椎生理曲度及C2-7 SVA值变化。对各组内颈椎是否保持前凸的患者分成亚组,对比亚组间JOA及NDI评分差异。对比C3开门组内行C3-6及C3-7开门的患者的矢状位参数变化值。结果:两组患者术前各项指标无统计学差异,至末次随访时两组患者的JOA及NDI评分均显著好转,末次随访JOA评分两组间无差异,而C3切除组的NDI(6.06±4.49)优于C3开门组(8.25±7.53)。末次随访时两组颈椎曲度均有不同程度的降低,C3切除组颈椎曲度对比术前无统计学差异(颈椎曲度变化值为3.30°±9.36°),而C3开门组有差异(颈椎曲度变化值为6.25°±10.22°),两组间颈椎曲度值及变化值均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。末次随访两组的C2-7 SVA均有不同程度的增加,对比术前SVA,C3切除组无统计学差异,而C3开门组有差异,两组间的C2-7 SVA值及变化值有统计学差异(P<0.05)。C3开门组患者中有30例行C3-6开门,27例行C3-7开门,两亚组患者的术前及末次随访的颈椎生理曲度及C2-7 SVA值均无统计学差异。末次随访时两组内颈椎前凸及后凸的病例的JOA,NDI评分变化,神经功能改善率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:C3椎板切除的改良椎板单开门成形术能有效维持术后颈椎生理曲度,在一定程度上减缓颈椎后路术后颈椎后凸畸形的进展。手术后颈椎矢状面参数的变化与患者的临床疗效无显著相关性。     

椎板切除术后早期进行直腿抬高运动对硬膜外纤维化影响的实验研究

[目的]探讨腰椎术后早期进行直腿抬高运动对于硬膜外纤维化的影响。成年新西兰大白兔40只，随机分为2组，全部行S1椎板切除术，实验组于术后模拟人进行直腿抬高运动，而对照组不予任何处理。术后1、2、4、8周每组随机处死5只兔子取材。大体观察1、2周时实验组瘢痕的形成要晚于对照组；4、8周时黏连分级两组存在显著性差异（P〈0．05），实验组重于对照组。2、4、8周时实验组的瘢痕指数高于对照组（P〈0．05）。瘢痕组织学评分1周时两组无差异（P〉0．05），2、4、8周时对照组要优于实验组（P〈0．05）。成纤维细胞及炎性细胞计数，早期实验组细胞数多于对照组（P〈0．05），但晚期两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。[结论]腰椎术后直腿抬高运动可增加硬膜外瘢痕的形成，延缓瘢痕的成熟，加重瘢痕对硬膜及神经根的黏连和固定。