慢性应激对小鼠NPY表达及学习记忆的影响

目的 通过观察慢性应激对小鼠学习记忆能力以及脑组织神经肤Y(NPY)含量的变化,探讨慢性应激对学习记忆和神经肽Y的影响.方法 采用束缚制动的方法建立慢性心理应激模型,应激结束后进行Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠应激状态下的学习记忆能力,并采用放射免疫方法检测小鼠脑组织中NPY的含量.结果 应激组小鼠在Morris水迷宫中寻找平台的潜伏期较对照组显著延长(P<0.01),在平台所在象限的游泳时间比例显著小于对照组(P<0.01).与对照组相比,应激组小鼠脑组织NPY的表达显著增加(P<0.01).结论 慢性应激可引起机体的学习记忆能力的改变,主要表现为注意力不集中、记忆力减退;慢性应激可导致小鼠脑组织NPY的高表达,且NPY与心理应激引起小鼠学习记忆能力的改变相关,提示NPY可能作为应激分子参与机体的心理应激过程.     

加味玉屏风散对创伤应激小鼠CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞影响的实验研究

目的观察创伤应激状态下及口服加味玉屏风散(玉屏风散加党参)后对小鼠CD4+CD25+Tr细胞影响.方法采用小鼠截肢应激模型,将50只BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组正常对照组(A)、应激对照组(B)、应激+加味玉屏风散高(C)、中(D)、低(E)剂量组.采用流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血和脾细胞悬液中CD4+CD25-T、CD4-CD25+T、CD4+CD25+Tr的细胞数.结果创伤后72h小鼠外周血及脾细胞悬液中CD4+CD25+Tr细胞比例明显升高(P<0.01),CD4+CD25-T细胞、CD4-CD25+T细胞比例明显降低(P<0.01);给予加味玉屏风散后各组小鼠外周血及脾细胞悬液中CD4+CD25+Tr细胞比例明显降低(P<0.01),CD4+CD25-T细胞、CD4-CD25+T细胞比例明显升高(P<0.01);其中C组与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论创伤后小鼠CD4+CD25+Tr表达增强,加味玉屏风散可有效抑制其表达.     

香加皮杠柳苷对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的:研究香加皮杠柳苷(CPP)对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用及其作用机制.方法:建立BALB/c小鼠H22皮下移植瘤,观察低、中、高剂量CPP(0.25、0.50、1.00 mg/kg)对荷瘤小鼠免疫器官的影响,应用流式细胞术检测各组小鼠脾T淋巴细胞亚群的分布,应用MTT法检测ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性,用ELISA试剂盒测定各组荷瘤小鼠血清中细胞因子TNF-α、IL-2和IL-12的含量.结果:对照组荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数及脾脏指数均明显低于未荷瘤正常小鼠(P<0.05),而CPP组荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数及脾脏指数较对照组明显增高,甚至高于正常对照组(P<0.05).CPP对荷瘤小鼠体内CD8+T细胞数量无影响,但可明显上调CD3+、CD4+T细胞数及CD4+/CD8+比值,其中CD3+、CD4+细胞百分率与正常小鼠无差别(P>0.05),CD4+/CD8+比值高于正常小鼠(P<0.05).CPP可明显增强ConA诱导的荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力,SI甚至超过正常对照组(P<0.05).不同剂量CPP组小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-2和IL-12水平均较对照组明显增高(P<0.05),并随剂量增加呈升高趋势,至接近或超过正常小鼠水平.结论:CPP可保护荷瘤小鼠的免疫器官不受损害,并可明显提高CD4+T细胞百分率和CD4+/CD8+比值,增强荷瘤小鼠T细胞增殖能力,促进细胞因子TNF-α、IL-2和IL-12的产生,表明CPP具有显著的免疫增强作用.     

携带肝细胞生长因子基因的减毒沙门氏菌对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨携带肝细胞生长因子基因的减毒沙门氏菌对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:分别用3×108cfu 减毒沙门氏菌(Ty)、携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的减毒沙门氏菌(Typl-GFP)、携带肝细胞生长因子基因的减毒沙门氏菌(Typl-HGF)、10% NaHCO3 于第O、14、28 天灌胃免疫小鼠,末次免疫后7天,分别收集各组动物全血及血清,用流式细胞仪检测抗凝全血中CD4+ T、CD8+T 及 IgM、IgGl、lgA 水平,用 ELISA 法检测血清中免疫球蛋白 IgM、IgGl,MTT 法检测脾脏组织中脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力.结果:流式细胞仪检测结果表明,Typl-HGF 组 CD4+T、CD8+T、CD4+/CD8+ 比值与其它三组比较显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01);其IgM、IgA 与 NaHCO3 对照组相比无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与Ty、Typl-GFP 组相比显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05),而 IgGl 与 NaHCO3 对照组相比显著升高(P<0.01),ELISA 结果与流式细胞仪检测结果基本一致;Typl-HCF 组脾细胞的增殖活性明显低于其它实验组(P<0.05).结论:初步证明口服Typl-HGF 后对小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫均有抑制作用.     

慢性复合应激对大鼠学习和记忆的影响

本文观察慢性复合应激对海马长时程增强(LTP)和一氧化氮合酶1(NOS1)表达变化的影响,并探讨了其在学习与记忆中的作用。将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和慢性复合应激组,每组各10只。应激组动物采用4种应激原无规律、交替性地进行长达6周的慢性复合应激试验。实验过程中测定动物血清皮质酮(CORT)水平,采用Morris水迷宫和Y迷宫测试大鼠学习和记忆成绩,记录海马齿状回LTP群体峰电位(PS)幅值的变化,同时观察海马CA1及齿状回区NOS1阳性神经元数目的变化。结果显示:(1)与对照组比较,慢性复合应激组动物在应激第4周和第6周时,血清皮质酮浓度的比值显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);(2)高频刺激(HFS)后各时间点的PS幅值增高更为明显(P<0.01);(3)Morris水迷宫和Y迷宫实验后慢性复合应激组动物的学习和记忆成绩优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);(4)慢性复合应激组和对照组大鼠海马齿状回NOS1阳性神经元个数分别为8.80±3.91和5.44±1.14,两者间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。以上结果提示,慢性复合应激对大鼠的学习和记忆有一定的影响,可能与齿状回群体峰电位幅值增强和NOS1表达增强有关。     

完全与不完全睡眠剥夺对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究经完全与不完全睡眠剥夺以后小鼠免疫功能的变化。方法:通过光照模拟全白天生活、黑箱模拟全黑夜生活,连续2周干扰小鼠睡眠;通过转轮24 h和72 h短期全剥夺小鼠睡眠;实验小鼠实施睡眠干扰前以BSA免疫一次。采用称重脾脏;流式细胞术(FCM)检测小鼠外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞数量及其比例;以ELISA方法检测血清中IL-2、IL-10以及抗BSA特异性抗体含量。结果:与正常睡眠小鼠相比:全日组脾重没有显著变化,其余各组脾重明显减轻(P0.05);24 h转轮组CD4+T细胞数明显降低(P0.05),其他各组没有明显变化(P0.05);所有实验组CD8+T细胞数均明显降低,CD4/CD8比例显著增大(P0.01);所有实验组IL-2下降(P0.01);除全日组IL-10含量升高以外(P0.05),其他实验组IL-10含量均呈下降趋势(P0.05);转轮组小鼠抗BSA抗体效价含量显著降低(P0.01),全日光组与全夜组无统计学意义。结论:完全与不完全睡眠剥夺可不同程度地引起实验小鼠CD8+T细胞数减少、脾重减轻、特异性抗体分泌减少以及细胞因子分泌格局的变化,进而影响机体免疫功能。     

益生菌缓解环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫功能低下

目的:探索益生菌对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致小鼠免疫功能低下的影响。方法:24只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、CTX组和益生菌+CTX组,每组8只。对照组和CTX组小鼠灌胃给予生理盐水[0.2 ml/(只·d)],益生菌+CTX组[灌胃益生菌(0.75 g,0.2 ml,75亿菌落形成单位活菌/(只·d)],连续给药20 d,第15天开始除正常组外其余2组小鼠连续3 d腹腔注射CTX 50 mg/(kg·d)。第21天处死小鼠,检测血常规,计算胸腺及脾脏指数;MTT法检测T细胞及B细胞增殖指数;流式细胞术检测脾细胞中CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞百分率及CD4/CD8,脾细胞凋亡率。结果:CTX组各检测指标均显著低于正常组(P0.05),脾细胞凋亡增多(P0.05);益生菌+CTX组的白细胞数、血小板数、胸腺指数、T细胞增殖指数、CD4~+ T细胞、CD8~+ T细胞百分率及CD4/CD8均高于CTX组(P0.05),脾细胞凋亡率降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,益生菌+CTX组的血小板数、脾脏指数、T淋巴细胞增殖指数、CD4~+ T细胞、CD8~+ T细胞百分率及CD4/CD8和脾淋巴细胞凋亡率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:益生菌可以显著增强CTX所致免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能。     

婴幼儿重症和非重症肺炎淋巴细胞亚群的差异分析

目的:观察重症肺炎和非重症肺炎患儿淋巴细胞亚群水平,探讨患儿的细胞免疫功能变化并为临床治疗提供参考。方法:收集重症肺炎患儿27例、非重症肺炎(普通肺炎)患儿28例以及20例健康对照,采用流式细胞术检测研究对象外周血中CD3~+T、CD3~+CD4~+T、CD3~+CD8~+T、CD19~+B、CD16~+CD56~+NK细胞的水平,并进行比较分析。结果:重症肺炎组CD3~+T、CD3~+CD4~+T、CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞及NK细胞比例明显低于健康对照(P0.01,P0.05,P0.01,P0.05),而CD4/CD8比值、CD19~+B淋巴细胞比例则显著高于健康对照组(P0.05,P0.01);非重症肺炎组CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞低于健康对照(P0.01),而CD19~+B淋巴细胞比例则显著高于健康对照组(P0.01);与非重症肺炎组相比,重症肺炎组CD3~+T、CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞比例显著降低(P0.01),而CD19~+B淋巴细胞比例则明显升高(P0.01)。结论:重症与非重症肺炎患儿机体存在明显的细胞免疫功能紊乱,重症肺炎患儿的细胞免疫功能受损更为严重,为临床评估病情及免疫治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

急、慢性束缚应激对小鼠情绪和学习记忆能力的不同影响

目的:观察急性束缚应激和慢性束缚应激对小鼠情绪和学习记忆能力的影响。方法:小鼠按体重和自发活动随机分成三组,即空白对照组,急性应激组和慢性应激组。采用束缚躯体的方法建立急慢性应激模型,并用自发活动实验检测小鼠的情绪状态,避暗实验检测小鼠的学习记忆能力。结果:自发活动实验中急性束缚应激组小鼠平均速度与空白组相比有显著增加(P<0.01),中央区活动时间和中央区活动路程百分比则显著增加(P<0.05),慢性应激组平均速度与空白组相比有显著减小(P<0.01),中央区活动时间和中央区活动路程百分比显著减小(P<0.05);避暗测试中急性应激组避暗潜伏期和错误次数没有改变,而慢性应激组潜伏期显著减小(P<0.05)、错误次数急显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:急性束缚应激会使小鼠产生烦躁情绪、但不会改变其学习记忆能力;慢性束缚应激会使小鼠产生抑郁样情绪,会损害其学习记忆能力。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者淋巴细胞共刺激分子异常表达的研究

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者淋巴细胞共刺激分子的表达及意义.方法 采用流式细胞术检测SLE患者淋巴细胞CD28、CTLA-4、CD80和CD86的表达,并与对照组比较.结果 与健康对照者相比较,SLE患者CD3+细胞增加(P<0.05),CD3+CD4+细胞降低(P<0.05),CD3+CD8+细胞升高(P<0.05),CD4/CD8比例明显倒置(P<0.01),CD28表达降低,CTLA-4升高,CD86的表达显著高于正常人(P<0.01),CD80在SLE患者CD19+B细胞上的表达与正常人无异(P>0.05).结论 T细胞亚群改变及T、B淋巴细胞共刺激分子CD28、CTLA-4和CD86在SLE发病机制中起重要作用.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...