神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗颅内表皮样囊肿

目的:探讨应用神经内镜辅助显微神经外科手术治疗颅内表皮样囊肿的疗效。方法:本组共12例,均为颅内胆脂瘤,手术采用神经内镜辅助显微神经外科手术进行治疗,在显微镜下切除大部分肿瘤后,再用神经内镜进行探查,切除残余肿瘤。结果:术后临床症状、体征均明显改善或消失,均未发生无菌性脑膜炎和迟发性颅内出血等并发症。结论:神经内镜辅助显微手术治疗颅内表皮样囊肿,有助于提高肿瘤全切率,提高手术疗效,降低手术并发症。     

神经内镜辅助显微外科治疗颅内胆脂瘤

目的：探讨神经内镜辅助的显微神经外科在治疗颅内胆脂瘤中的意义和手术方法。方法：应用神经内镜辅助的显微神经外科技术治疗颅内胆脂瘤45例。肿瘤以桥小脑角为原发部位并向周围扩展（包括颞下、鞍区、斜坡）37例,多部位广泛生长2例,脑室内2例,其它3例。在显微镜下尽可能切除可见的肿瘤部分,再用神经内镜寻找残余的肿瘤并切除。结果：在常规显微神经外科切除肿瘤后,38／45例（84％）仍有不同程度的残余肿瘤,在内镜下进一步切除,7／45例（16％）无残余肿瘤。43例有临床症状的病人中,39例（91％）手术后2周内症状缓解或恢复,4例无变化。1例（2％）术后发热,经1周治疗症状缓解。无术后脑积水和继发性颅内出血。对36例病人随访3－21个月,31／36例（86％）术后1－3个月生活完全自理,恢复正常工作。随访表明影像学恢复占53％,部分恢复占28％,恢复不佳占19％。影像学恢复不佳与部分肿瘤被膜残留有关。结论：神经内镜辅助显微神经外科切除颅内胆脂瘤（尤其是生长广泛的巨大肿瘤）,有助于提高肿瘤全切率,减少手术创伤,降低术后反应。     

立体定向手术在颅内囊性病变中的应用

目的探讨脑立体定向技术在颅内囊性病变中的应用。方法采用螺旋CT引导立体定向手术23例,包括脑脓肿、蛛网膜囊肿、透明隔囊肿、囊性胶质瘤及颅咽管瘤。结果23例手术均准确定位,良性病变获得治愈,囊性胶质瘤及颅咽管瘤明显改善症状,肿瘤缩小或消失。结论脑立体定向技术定位准确、微创、安全、并发症少,尤其适合于颅内囊性病变的治疗。     

神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内深部病变

目的 探讨神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内深部病变相关手术入路及显微手术技术。方法 根据高分辨诊断影像结果，制定个体化手术方案。手术经由头皮小切口，作直径约2cm的骨窗开颅，在充分释放脑脊液令脑组织自动回缩后，从脑外间隙抵达深部病变；通过有序地解剖相关神经、血管间隙的蛛网膜下腔，作无创伤通道，完成对病变的显露。采用神经内镜辅助的显微手术技术治疗了颅内深部病变51例。结果 本组51例颅内深部病变，经神经内镜辅助的显微手术技术治愈，无手术并发症发生。结论 神经内镜辅助的锁孔入路较常规显微手术入路更为微创、精细、准确、安全，是一种有临床实用价值的神经外科微创显微手术新技术。     

颅内囊性病变立体定向穿刺加内引流术12例报告

我院于 1 998年 1 2月至 2 0 0 0年 5月采用脑立体定向技术和内引流治疗颅内囊性肿瘤 1 2例 ,取得较满意的治疗效果 ,现报告如下。临床资料男 7例 ,女性 5例。年龄 6岁～ 58岁 ,平均 2 6岁。颅咽管瘤术后 (2～ 8个月 )复发 1 0例 ,蛛网膜囊肿 2例 ,临床表现为双颞侧偏盲 6例 ,进行性视力下降 8例。另外发育生长迟缓 4例。他们都在局麻下行立体定向仪框架安装 ,CT扫描 ,根据囊肿及同例侧脑室位置关系 ,确定囊性肿瘤穿刺点 ,计算出 X、Y、Z三维坐标系数值 ,病人再入立体定向手术室 ,根据 X、Y、Z系数值安装定向仪导向系统 ,选择头皮切口 ,…     

颅内巨大动脉瘤手术治疗

2000年至2005年四川省人民医院神经外科对13例巨大动脉瘤采用显微手术治疗,取得较好效果,结合文献复习报告如下。资料与方法1.一般资料:13例中男7例,女6例。年龄16～65岁。6例蛛网膜下腔出血、4例因颅神经功能     

神经内镜辅助锁孔入路显微手术治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤

目的探讨神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤的手术入路及显微手术技术。方法采用神经内镜辅助锁孔入路显微手术治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤41例。根据影像学诊断结果,制定个体化手术方案。手术经由头皮小切口,作直径约3cm的骨窗开颅,在充分释放脑脊液脑组织回缩后,从脑外间隙抵达深部病变;通过有序地解剖蛛网膜下腔,显露病变,行动脉瘤夹闭术。结果本组41次手术成功夹闭43个动脉瘤。无手术死亡及严重手术并发症。结论神经内镜辅助的锁孔入路较常规显微手术入路更为微创、精细、准确、安全,是夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤的一种较好的技术。     

立体定向穿刺加Ommaya囊置入术在颅内囊性病变中的临床应用

目的探讨立体定向穿刺术和Ommaya囊置入术在治疗颅内囊性病变中的应用技巧及疗效。 方法回顾性分析上海华山医院伽马分院2012年11月至2013年4月收治的3例不同颅内囊性病变患者,对该3例诊断明确的颅内囊性患者(分别为右颞转移瘤、左侧CPA神经鞘瘤、颅内多发病变)在立体定向穿刺后置入Ommaya囊,再根据具体病情给予囊腔逐渐抽吸,使囊液逐渐减少至最少,给予伽玛刀的治疗方法。 结果3例病例均在多次抽取囊液后行伽玛刀治疗,无不适反应,均未出现皮肤感染、颅内感染、硬膜外血肿等因手术操作导致的并发症。 结论治疗颅内囊性病变,尤其是高龄病人或由于其他原因不能耐受全麻手术的患者时,立体定向加Ommaya囊置入术不失为一种简便、经济、有效、微创的好方法。     

应用神经内镜结合显微镜治疗颅内表皮样囊肿

目的 探讨神经内镜结合显微镜治疗颅内表皮样囊肿效果和技术要点.方法 回顾性分析北京天坛医院内镜神经外科专业组从2010年4月至2013年4月,应用神经内镜结合显微镜治疗颅内表皮样囊肿41例的临床资料.结果 36例肿瘤颅内表皮样囊肿内容物镜下全切除,5例少量残留;6例将囊肿壁完全切除,其余部分切除,手术后恢复良好,无迟发性出血和无菌性脑膜炎的发生.结论 应用神经内镜治疗颅内表皮样囊肿,能最大限度的切除肿瘤,有效防止并发症的发生.     

非交通性蛛网膜囊肿的诊断与神经内镜治疗

目的 探讨蛛网膜囊肿(intracranial arachnoid cyst，IAC)的影像学分类、手术适应证和神经内镜治疗。方法 对22例IAC病人行CT蛛网膜下腔脑池造影(computed tomographic cistemography，CTC)，选择非交通性蛛网膜囊肿(noncommunicating intracranial arachnoid cyst，NCIAC)病例，硬质内镜行NCIAC-脑池交通术或脑室广泛造瘘术治疗，术后进行随访。结果 经CTC检查，22例病人中15例确诊为NCIAC病人，有确切的神经系统症状体征，神经内镜手术后NCIAC病例临床症状改善或消失。本组病人无手术死亡，仅1例病人术后3个月并发慢性硬脑膜下血肿，行钻孔引流术治愈。9例NCIAC病人CT随访示囊腔明显缩小，脑组织复位。结论 (1)CTC对IAC病人具有诊断特异性，运用CTC可将IAC病人分为交通性蛛网膜囊肿(communicating intracranial arachnoid cyst，CIAC)和NCIAC。(2)症状性NCIAC具有神经外科手术指征。(3)神经内镜下NCIAC-脑池交通术，操作简便，微创，疗效肯定，术后并发症少。     

Primary intracranial arachnoidal cysts

Sixty-seven cases (41 males and 26 females) of arachnoidal cysts in children under 11 years are reported. About 53% of cases were diagnosed before 1 year of life. Thirty-one (42.2%) were supratentorial (interhemispheric 9, temporal fossa 10, convexity 5, sylvian fissure 3, supra- and/or retrosellar 4); 31 (46.2%) infratentorial (supra- and/or retrocerebellar 22, foramen of Magendie 3, quadrigeminal cistern 5, pontocerebellar 1); 5 (7.5%) supra-and infratentorial. Macrocephaly was the presenting symptom in 48 cases (71.5%). Associated features were frequent: cranial asymmetry in 24; aqueductal stenosis in 10; agenesis of corpus callosum in 8; deficient cerebellar lobullation in 4; Chiari I malformation in 2; neurofibromatosis type 1 with dysgenetic zones of the brain in 1; arteriovenous malformation in 1. Diagnosis was made at autopsy in six cases in the days before computed tomography and magnetic resonance: three patients had a cyst in the supra-and retrocerebellar midline; two had a cyst in the quadrigeminal cistern and the sixth was a rare case with the cyst passing from the posterior fossa to the left lateral ventricle through a hole in the basal surface of the brain. Small and some middle-sized cysts were not treated. Big and some middle-sized cysts were usually treated by cysto- and/or ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Arachnoidal cysts of the quadrigeminal cistern usually present with aqueductal stenosis and have to be treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Craniotomy and fenestration of the cysts were performed in some cases with good results. The average mental level of these children is usually moderately low.     

Functional assessment of intracranial arachnoid cysts with TC99 m-HMPAO SPECT: a preliminary report

Background Many arachnoid cysts (AC) are detected incidentally in asymptomatic patients. Current neuroimaging methods provide only morphological details of the cysts, but they do not give information about cerebral function. While surgery is indicated in symptomatic patients, the management of asymptomatic individuals, who present with large cysts, is controversial.Study objective To ascertain the value of cerebral 99 mTc-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for detecting brain dysfunction in cases of intracranial ACs, aimed at allocating the patients for surgical or for conservative treatment.Patients and methods We studied prospectively 11 patients diagnosed with sylvian fissure ACs. The subjects underwent neurological examination, EEG, neuroimaging studies, neuropsychological testing, and cerebral perfusion studies with 99 mTc-HMPAO SPECT.Results The patients’ ages ranged from 2 to 42 years (median 16 years). The study group consisted of ten symptomatic patients with ACs and one patient with an incidental cyst. Seven patients showed diminished regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in their initial cerebral SPECT. Four individuals underwent surgery. Seven patients showed normalization of rCBF after surgical or conservative treatment.Conclusions Cerebral SPECT demonstrated impaired brain perfusion in 70% of symptomatic patients. The zone of decreased rCBF corresponded well with clinical symptoms and with neuroimaging findings. Patients exhibiting normal rCBF in SPECT studies remained or became asymptomatic during the follow-up time. Cerebral SPECT constitutes a valuable adjunct tool for correlating regional function with brain anatomy, and may be of help to allocate patients with ACs for surgical treatment or clinical observation. Further research on this field is warranted.     

鞍上囊肿的内镜治疗

目的总结20例鞍上囊肿的临床表现、手术方法及疗效。方法术前均行CT和M RI检查,明确鞍上囊肿的诊断以及中脑导水管是否存在梗阻。手术中探查导水管上口情况,根据有无梗阻,行内镜下脑室囊肿造瘘术或脑室囊肿脑池造瘘术。结果16例术前诊断和术中探查证实存在导水管梗阻,行脑室囊肿脑池造瘘术;4例无导水管梗阻,行脑室囊肿造瘘术。术后随访3￣6个月,19例术后症状明显改善,1例无明显变化。结论鞍上囊肿主要表现为脑积水症状;内镜下行脑室囊肿造瘘术或脑室囊肿脑池造瘘术治疗鞍上囊肿疗效较好。     

内镜经鼻蝶手术治疗颅底脊索瘤

目的探讨内镜下经鼻蝶治疗颅底脊索瘤的技术、方法和手术指征。方法自2000年6月至2006年6月,应用神经内镜经鼻蝶入路手术治疗颅底脊索瘤30例。29例应用30°,70°硬性神经内镜,经鼻中隔和中鼻甲间入路,用高速磨钻磨除相应的骨性结构,显露肿瘤并分块切除。1例在显微外科下开颅切除颅内部分肿瘤,然后在神经内镜引导下,经鼻蝶切除斜坡、鞍区蝶筛窦、上颌窦、颞下窝的肿瘤。18例在术后6-12个月获得随访。结果肿瘤近全切除7例,次全切除16例,部分切除7例。24例术后获得一定程度上的临床症状和体征的改善,6例无变化。所有病人在术后7- 10d可恢复日常生活。1例在出院后20d因脑脊液漏再次入院做修补手术。随访的18例中,有4例在术后10-18个月复发,这4例均为广泛性生长的病例。结论内镜经鼻蝶手术治疗颅底脊索瘤有明显的优势。其操作简便安全;术中视野清楚,有利于显露;术后严重并发症少,病人恢复快,住院时间短。     

应用神经内镜治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿

目的 探讨应用神经内镜治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿的适应证、手术方法和效果.方法 2009年6月至2011年11月,应用神经内镜治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿51例,均行囊肿壁部分切除+囊肿与蛛网膜下腔和脑池造瘘沟通术.结果 51例症状消失,随访到37例,行CT和MRI扫描囊肿消失9例,囊肿体积缩小1/2以上18例,另10例缩小1/3.结论 神经内镜治疗颅内蛛网膜囊肿安全、微创、效果明确,应作为首选的治疗方法.     

神经内镜下经单鼻孔-蝶窦摘除大型垂体腺瘤

目的探讨内窥镜辅助下单鼻孔-蝶窦入路摘除大型垂体腺瘤(LPA)的技术方法与疗效.方法对2003年12月至2004年7月38例LPA采用内窥镜辅助下经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路技术予以切除.结果 33例(86.8%)获全切除,3例(7.9%)达次全切除,余2例(5.3%)纤维性或哑铃型腺瘤仅获部分切除.无手术后死亡.31例(81.6%)进行平均 3个月随访观察,有29例(93.6%)视力获得了恢复,仅2例(6.4%)无变化,也未见恶化;术前有视野缺损的30例,术后 28例(93.3%)恢复, 2例(6.7%)有改善.结论内窥镜辅助下经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路摘除LPA,具有微侵袭性、视野全景化、术后并发症少等优点,是治疗本病的一种安全、有效的方法.     

Surgical treatment of intracranial dermoid and epidermoid cysts in children

Between 1956 and 1987 operations were performed on 36 patients below the age of 20 years for epidermoid and dermoid cysts of the central nervous system. Seventeen tumors were intracranial intradural lesions (47%): 12 were located in the supratentorial region (71%) and 5 were located in the infratentorial region (29%). Ten of these tumors (59%) were seated along the midline structures. The clinical presentation was consistent with the location of the tumors. The neuroradiological diagnosis was mostly made with the aid of pneumoencephalography, computed tomography (CT), nonionic contrast medium CT cisternography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Complete removal of the tumor contents was performed in all cases but one, although the completeness of removal of the tumor capsule could not be exactly estimated in some patients. At late follow-up only two tumor recurrences were observed. Radical removal of the tumor capsule of these congenital tumors, even when it is connected to vital neurovascular structures, seems advisable in patients who become symptomatic within the first two decades of life.     

Endoscopic burr hole evacuation of an acute subdural hematoma

Acute subdural hematoma evacuations frequently necessitate large craniotomies with extended operative times and high relative blood loss, which can lead to additional morbidity for the patient. While endoscopic minimally invasive approaches to chronic subdural collections have been successfully demonstrated, this technique has not previously been applied to acute subdural hematomas. The authors report their experience with an 87-year-old patient presenting with a large acute right-sided subdural hematoma successfully evacuated via an endoscopic minimally invasive technique. The operative approach is outlined, and the literature on endoscopic subdural collection evacuation reviewed.