氟伐他汀对充血性心力衰竭患者血清sICAM-1和sVCAM-1的影响

目的:探讨氟伐他汀短期治疗对充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清中可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法:将97例CHF患者随机分为对照组(常规治疗组)和试药组(氟伐他汀组)。采用ELISA测定治疗前及治疗两周后血清中sICAM-1、sVCAM-1和TNF-α水平。结果:两种方法都可以明显降低血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1和TNF-α水平(P0.05);试药组血清TNF-α水平降低更为显著(P0.05),但血清sICAM-1和sVCAM-1降低水平与对照组无显著差别。结论:在常规治疗基础上短期加用氟伐他汀治疗不能进一步降低CHF患者血清sICAM-1和sVCAM-1水平。     

急性脑梗死患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-8和瘦素水平变化

目的探讨血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和瘦素(LP)水平变化情况对老年急性脑梗死患者的临床意义。方法选取2009年5月至2010年11月于我院住院治疗的老年急性脑梗死患者48例作为观察组,在我院体检的健康人48例作为对照组,分别于入院后第1、3、7天早6:00～8:00采集静脉血5 ml,采用放射免疫法测定血清TNF-α、IL-8和LP含量。结果观察组患者血清TNF-α、IL-8和LP含量明显高于对照组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三者含量到达高峰的时间各不相同,在时间上具有波动性。结论 IL-8直接参与急性脑梗死患者的病情发展过程,TNF-α和LP升高是急性脑梗死发病的危险因素,对预防和治疗急性脑梗死具有较高临床价值。     

鼠神经生长因子联合血栓通对急性脑梗死患者血清TNF-α、sIL-2R、脂联素、C反应蛋白及神经功能评分的影响

目的探讨鼠神经生长因子联合血栓通对急性脑梗死患者血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(s IL-2R)、脂联素、C反应蛋白(CRP)及神经功能评分的影响。方法 82例急性脑梗死患者根据入院顺序分为观察组和对照组各41例。对照组使用常规方案和血栓通治疗,观察组在此基础上加以鼠神经生长因子治疗。比较两组日常生活能力(ADL)和神经功能评分、临床疗效、血清TNF-α、s IL-2R、脂联素、CRP水平。结果治疗前,两组ADL评分和神经功能评分比较无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后,两组ADL评分显著升高,且观察组高于对照组,神经功能评分显著降低,且观察组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组血清TNF-α、s LR-2R、脂联素、CRP水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后,两组TNF-α、s LR-2R、CRP水平显著降低,且观察组低于对照组,脂联素水平显著升高,且观察组高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论鼠神经生长因子联合血栓通能明显降低急性脑梗死患者血清TNF-α、s IL-2R、CRP水平,并能升高脂联素水平,对神经功能发挥着明显的改善性作用,临床疗效显著。     

醒脑静注射液对老年脑梗死患者血清中高迁移率族蛋白B1、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-18和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1的影响

目的探讨醒脑静对老年脑梗死患者血清中高迁移率族蛋白(HMG)B1、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-18和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子(sVCAM)-1水平的影响及疗效。方法 192例老年脑梗死患者分为对照组96例,应用常规方法治疗;观察组96例,在常规治疗基础上加用醒脑静注射液。治疗前、后检测患者血清HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-18和sVCAM-1的表达。结果治疗14 d后,观察组梗死灶和美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分的变化明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后血清中HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-18和sVCAM-1的下降值明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论醒脑静注射液对脑梗死的治疗效果理想,同时能降低血清中HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-18和sVCAM-1的表达,减少继发性损伤,优化内环境。     

尤瑞克林对急性脑梗死患者血清CRP、IL-6及TNF-α的影响

目的观察尤瑞克林对急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损评分(NDS)及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法 68例急性脑梗死患者随机分为对照组和观察组各34例,两组均给予常规治疗,对照组加用苦碟子注射液,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用尤瑞克林。分别于治疗前及治疗后14d进行神经功能缺损评分,并检测血清CRP、IL-6及TNF-α水平。结果两组治疗后神经功能缺损评分及血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均逐渐下降(P<0.05),观察组下降更为明显(P<0.05)。结论尤瑞克林联合苦碟子注射液可降低急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度、下调急性脑梗死患者血清CRP、IL-6及TNF-α水平,促进患者神经功能恢复。     

冠心病患者炎性标志物的检测水平及意义

目的:探讨血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)在冠心病(CHD)发病机制中的意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),检测86例CHD患者TNF-α、IL-8和sICAM-1水平,并与30例正常对照者进行比较。结果:CHD患者TNF-α、IL-8和sICAM-1水平显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),急性心肌梗死患者和不稳定型心绞痛患者TNF-α、IL-8和sICAM-1水平显著高于稳定型心绞痛患者(P<0.01)。结论:TNF-α、IL-8和sICAM-1可能参与了CHD的发病过程,且与病变稳定性有关。     

大剂量氟伐他汀短期治疗对老年不稳定性心绞痛患者血清可溶性细胞黏附分子和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平的影响

目的探讨大剂量氟伐他汀短期治疗对老年不稳定性心绞痛患者血清中可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平的影响。方法将56例老年不稳定性心绞痛患者随机分为常规治疗组和大剂量治疗组,两组患者均给予抗心绞痛常规治疗,常规治疗组给予氟伐他汀40mg／d,大剂量治疗组给予氟伐他汀80mg／d,入院当日和治疗1个月时检测患者血清中sICAM-1、sVCAM-1和TNF-α水平。结果两组患者治疗后血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1和TNF-α水平均较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．05）,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论大剂量氟伐他汀短期治疗不能进一步降低老年不稳定性心绞痛患者血清sICAM-1、sVCAM-1和TNF-α水平。     

脑梗死模型大鼠血清中GAP-43、TNF-α和血管形成素-1表达水平

目的 探究脑梗死模型大鼠血清中生长相关蛋白(GAP)-43、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和血管形成素(Ang)-1的表达水平研究。方法 选择健康雄性SD大鼠40只,15只不做任何处理,作为对照组。余下的20只大鼠做成脑梗死模型,为模型组。分别在脑梗死模型大鼠建模成功的第1、7、14天取相应组的大鼠清晨空腹静脉血及对照组大鼠血液,用酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠血清中GAP-43的水平,电化学发光免疫分析法检测TNF-α、Ang-1的血清水平,荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测GAP-43 mRNA、TNF-α mRNA、Ang-1 mRNA表达水平及各种大鼠改良神经功能缺损评分(mNSS),苏木素-伊红(HE)染色测定脑梗死体积。结果 模型组1、7、14 d TNF-α、ANG-1、GAP-43水平及mRNA明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。模型组1、7、14 d神经功能mNSS明显高于对照组(P<0.05),脑梗死大鼠1 d和7 d时的脑梗死体积明显高于脑梗死14 d时(P<0.05)。结论 脑梗死模型大鼠血清中GAP-43、TNF-α、Ang-1水平高于正常大鼠,检测其血清中的水平...     

恩必普治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效观察及对血清高敏C-反应蛋白的影响

目的 评价恩必普(NBP)对急性脑梗死临床疗效、安全性及对患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响.方法 选择2007年1月-2008年8月山西医科大学第二医院神经内科收治的急性脑梗死患者98例,随机分为治疗组和对照组.两组基础治疗相同,治疗组加用恩必普200 mg,每日4次口服.第14天、第21天、第28天时评定两组总疗效,采用NIHSS评分和日常生活活动 (ADL)量表Bathel指数评价神经功能恢复情况.分别在确诊后24 h内和治疗7 d、14 d、28 d时测定血清hs-CRP,另选40名健康体检者检测血清hs-CRP为正常组.结果 治疗组14 d、21 d、28 d的NIHSS评分与对照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),两组NIHSS评分治疗后较治疗前均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗组治疗后7 d、14 d、28 d ADL评分与对照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组Bathel指数评分治疗后较治疗前均有统计学意义(P<0.01).急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP浓度明显高于正常组,治疗组、对照组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗7 d、14 d后,治疗组hs-CRP下降幅度低于对照组(P<0.01).结论 恩必普可用于治疗急性脑梗死,能有效改善神经功能缺损及日常生活能力;早期应用恩必普可以显著降低急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP浓度,减轻炎症反应,对改善脑梗死病情及预后具有重要价值.     

脑心通胶囊对急性脑梗死患者血清VEGF、MDA水平影响的研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和自由基丙二醛(MDA)含量在不同时间段变化及脑心通胶囊的治疗影响。方法选择60例脑梗死患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例,并设立健康组60名。治疗组给予脑心通胶囊口服。采用双抗体夹心ELISA及比色法动态测定法于1d、3d、7d、14d检测患者血清VEGF及MDA含量,治疗前及治疗后14d进行神经功能评分。结果脑梗死组各时间点血清VEGF的水平明显高于健康组(P<0.01),至病程第7天达高峰,以后开始下降,至14d仍维持高水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);脑梗死组发病24h内及第3天,MDA水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),在第7天及14天,两组比较无统计学意义。患者血清VEGF水平在发病3d、14d随着梗死面积增大及病情严重程度而升高,3组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01),而血清MDA水平只在发病第3天才与梗死面积及病情严重程度有变化(P<0.01)。应用脑心通胶囊干预治疗后血清VEGF一直保持在一个相对较高的水平,于3d、7d、14d明显高于对照组,而两组的MDA水平在各时间点比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性脑梗死后血清VEGF浓度明显增高,VEGF和MDA共同参与脑梗死急性期血管病理损伤过程,脑心通胶囊干预治疗可增加VEGF含量。VEGF可作为评估急性脑梗死患者病情轻重和预后的客观指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.