治疗难治性抑郁症的增效剂——奎硫平对老年期抑郁症的辅助治疗作用

目的：探讨小剂量奎硫平联合西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法：采用随机开放对照研究，对56例老年期抑郁症患者随机分为合用组与单用组，疗程8周，采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、临床总体印象量表评定症状，Asberg抗抑郁剂不良反应量表评定不良反应。结果：合用组治疗老年期抑郁症的疗效要明显优于单一应用西酞普兰治疗（P〈0．05），不良反应两组间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：小剂量奎硫平联合西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症具有安全性，其疗效明显优于单一应用西酞普兰治疗。     

西酞普兰与奎硫平治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症观察

目的:探讨西酞普兰联合奎硫平治疗伴有躯体不适主诉的抑郁症患者的疗效与安全性。方法:收集伴有躯体不适主诉的抑郁症患者68例,随机分成合用组(西酞普兰加用奎硫平)和单用组(单用西酞普兰),以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、临床疗效总评量表(CGI)、副反应量表(TESS)在治疗1、2、4、6周时各评定1次。结果:治疗6周末,两组HAMD和HAMA评分均显著低于治疗前。治疗第4、6周末两组间HAMD、HAMA评分差异有极显著性(P<0.01及0.05)。合用组有效率86%,显著优于单用组的有效率62%。结论:西酞普兰联合奎硫平治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症疗效好,安全性高。     

艾司西酞普兰联合奎硫平治疗难治性抑郁症患者的对照研究

目的:比较艾司西酞普兰联合奎硫平治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效和安全性方法:74例门诊和住院的难治性抑郁症患者,随机分为研究组38例(艾司西酞普兰联合奎硫平治疗)和对照组36例(单用艾司西酞普兰治疗),治疗8周.采用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HA-MA)评价症状严重程度,治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应. 结果:两组治疗后HAMD和HAMA评分较治疗前均有显著性降低(P均＜0.01);第8周研究组与对照组有效率分别为57.9％、33.3％,两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组和对照组与药物不良反应差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论:艾司西酞普兰合并奎硫平治疗难治性抑郁症与单用艾司西酞普兰相比,起效较快,疗效较好,同样安全.     

西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症疗效观察

目的：探讨西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症的临床疗效及安全性.方法：将60例老年期抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组及阿米替林组（各30例）.西酞普兰治疗剂量为20～40 mg/d,阿米替林为100～250 mg/d.疗程6周.疗效评定采用Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）,安全性评价应用副反应量表（TESS）及实验室检查.结果：西酞普兰组显效率为77%,有效率为92%,与阿米替林组的70%及90%相当;西酞普兰组不良反应较阿米替林组少且轻微.结论：西酞普兰与阿米替林对老年期抑郁症均有较好的疗效,但西酞普兰具有服用简便,不良反应轻等优点.     

西酞普兰合并小剂量喹硫平治疗老年抑郁症的对照研究

目的探讨西酞普兰合并喹硫平治疗老年抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法将92例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的老年抑郁症患者分为研究组（西酞普兰合并喹硫平组）和对照组（单用西酞普兰组）治疗12周,采用四级临床疗效及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定疗效,治疗时出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果两组8周末HAMD总分分别为（8.13±4.87）,（11.72±3.89）,两组12周末HAMD总分分别为（6.99±3.05）、（10.12±3.11）,两组间差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,两组间药物不良反应无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论西酞普兰合并喹硫平治疗老年抑郁症的疗效更好,且不良反应无明显增加。     

阿立哌唑对难治性抑郁症的增效作用

目的：探讨艾司西酞普兰联合阿立哌唑治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法：62例难治性抑郁症患者随即分为合用组（艾司西酞普兰联合阿立哌唑）32例,单用组（单用艾司西酞普兰）30例,疗程8周。于治疗前和治疗2、4、8周分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效与不良反应。结果：两组HAMD评分较治疗前均显著下降（P〈0.01）;两组不良反应差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论：艾司西酞普兰联合阿立哌唑治疗难治性抑郁症疗效明显优于单用艾司西酞普兰,安全性较高。     

舒必利治疗抑郁症的增效作用

目的：探讨西酞普兰联合小剂量舒必利治疗抑郁症的疗效与不良反应。方法：60例抑郁症患者随机分为研究组（西酞普兰联合小剂量舒必利）和对照组（单用西酞普兰）各30例。疗程6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果：研究组在治疗后各周期HAMD、HAMA评分均显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）。两组不良反应相仿（P〉0.05）。结论：西酞普兰联合小剂量舒必利治疗抑郁症具疗效好、起效快、不良反应少的优点。     

艾司西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症的疗效

目的：探讨艾司西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症的疗效与安全性。方法：61例老年期抑郁症患者随机分为艾司西酞普兰组31例和舍曲林组30例治疗6周,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）,临床大体印象量表（CGI）,治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果：治疗6周,两组各量表评分均较治疗前有显著改善（P〈0.01）,艾司西酞普兰组治疗1周比舍曲林组改善显著（P〈0.05）,提示西酞普兰组起效快,有效率93.5%,舍曲林组为90%,两组疗效相当（P〉0.05）,两组不良反应轻微,无需特殊处理。结论：艾司西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症疗效显著,安全性高,起效快,耐受性好。     

草酸艾司西酞普兰联合喹硫平治疗抑郁症合并高血压患者的疗效与安全性

目的探讨草酸艾司西酞普兰联合喹硫平治疗抑郁症合并高血压患者的疗效与安全性。方法本院2018年5月～2019年5月收治的86例抑郁症合并高血压患者,随机分为常规组(草酸艾司西酞普兰片治疗)、研究组(草酸艾司西酞普兰片联合喹硫平片治疗),各43例。比较两组的疗效和安全性。结果研究组整体疗效高于常规组(P0.05);研究组治疗后24h收缩压、24h舒张压均低于常规组(P0.05);研究组治疗后第2周、第4周、第8周HAMD汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分低于常规组、(P0.05);不良反应总发生率两组无明显差异(P0.05)。结论草酸艾司西酞普兰片与喹硫平联合治疗可以减轻抑郁症合并高血压的患者的抑郁程度、降低血压,而且不良反应少。     

电针治疗老年抑郁症的增效作用

目的：验证电针对老年抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法：对66例老年抑郁症患者随机分为合用组（西酞普兰合用电针）和单用组（单用西酞普兰）,疗程6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：两组治疗后各时段HAMD评分均较治疗前显著下降（P均〈0.01）,合用组下降更为显著（P〈0.05）;两组不良反应无明显差异。结论：西酞普兰合用电针可治疗老年抑郁症,安全性好。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of Legislation of 1933 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -