经络是生命信息能量的谐振通道———经络本质初探

经络是生命信息能量谐振通道,只要介质的谐振频率相同,都可让此频率的信息能量通过,而不需要有形通道,这就是解剖学上找不到经络的原因.用检测能量的仪器如热像仪等可测量经络中的能量及其变化情况并显示经络.生命信息能量的载体是远红外电磁波,显示远红外电磁波的通行传导情况,就会找到生命信息能量的通道(经络).为显示经络的存在及功能,用正电子断层扫描(positionemissiontomography,PET)从分子水平显示针灸前后经络及脏腑中生物分子的代谢、受体及神经介质活动的情况,用单光子扫描仪(single-photonemissioncomputedtomography,SPECT)观察针灸前后脏腑、经络中血流的相互影响及变化.活着的人有生命信息,有经络现象;死亡的人没有生命信息,因此没有经络.     

针刺治病是次声能量的有效利用

研究发现,针刺腧穴的过程可看成是一个含有阻尼的受迫振动过程,此过程能产生2～15Hz的次声波,很容易和人体及体内各器官产生共振。经计算针刺过程的声压和声强还发现,针刺次声波有四个特点：总能量小、振幅小、声强大、沿经络线定向传播。因为经络线是传播低频声音即次声波的良好通道,所以针刺次声能量可以顺利通过经络线到达病灶,穿透病态组织,改善组织或器官功能。针刺治病是聪明的中华民族对次声能量的最有效的利用。     

针刺过程能量的输入

从经典物理和近代物理两个角度对针刺过程能量的输入进行了讨论.认为进针和行针中的提插法是一种直进式输入能量的方法,行针中的捻针法是一种扭转式输入能量的方法.它们的作用都是使经络物质(黏弹性体)产生振动,以次声波的频率将能量沿经络线传播,并诱发放大过程产生,使体内其他能量随针刺能量传播.最后给出了针刺过程的动力学方程和能量方程.     

针刺对经脉穴位微循环血流量的影响

目的:探讨针刺对经穴及非经穴微循环血流量的影响及其机制。方法:应用激光多普勒血流仪(LaserDopplerFlowmeter,LDF)检测30例健康人针刺前后十二经脉循经经穴、经穴旁开和在经非穴微循环血流量的变化。结果:人体穴位血流量高于经穴旁开和在经非穴(P<0.05);针刺时,十二经脉循经线上经穴的微循环血流量明显增加,经穴旁开的血流量增减不明显,两者相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);针刺时,十二经脉在经非穴的血流量虽有增加,但无统计学意义,经穴的血流量与在经非穴的血流量相比,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:经络的循经感传现象是可以客观检测的,微循环检测可以为经络的生理机制研究提供更多信息。     

简论气的本质

气是有生命信息能量的物质.气是血之帅,是细胞新陈代谢的动力.气是一种综合的、复杂的、人体生命存在时才有的物质,即气具有生命信息性、波动性、粒子性等.在物理学方面,气包括所有已知的物质运动的能量如电磁能、万有引力能、机械能等;在生化方面,气包括细胞、细胞通信、染色体所带的信息、mRNA、tRNA、蛋白质等的能量,以及未知的生命物质信息的能量.人体中有生命信息的生物大分子都处在正常体温(约37℃)的大环境中,根据物理学理论,大分子受到刺激后产生远红外电磁波,它是生命信息的载体.气在体内的传导速度是远红外产生的热效应在体液中的传递速度.气是能量,可用探测能量的仪器探测.有生命活性的物质才具有气,生命物质离不开有形的血,因此说血是气之母.     

采用图像匹配和三维跟踪器的人体经络可视化方法**

背景：经络信息可视化技术采用图形图像与视觉的表现形式,将现实中不可见的人体经络显示于计算机屏幕上,使抽象的经络信息展现在人们面前,用以辅助经络定位和临床诊治。 目的：为更方便有效地提供人体经络可视化方法,基于磁场跟踪器和摄像机标定技术,开发一种基于电阻抗的人体经络检测和可视化系统。 方法：将多通道经络检测中各个通道的电阻抗与由磁场跟踪器所确定的相应通道电极探针触点的三维坐标进行配对,利用经络低电阻抗特性和代价函数从候选通道中选择准确的经络点并确定三维经络线;然后用“张正友”法和图形变换法进行优化,将经络线的三维坐标映射到人体皮肤表面的二维图像上;随着电极探头移动,整条经络线就可显示在皮肤表面的二维图像上。 结果与结论：研究和实验结果表明,系统的阻抗检测误差小于0.2%,并可实时地在现场人体体表图像上准确有效地显示人体经络。该方法实现了人体经络的可视化,可用于医生临床诊断治疗或中医教学。      

同一经络上穴位的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的:手针针刺同一经络上但被同一神经阶段支配的不同穴位的核磁共振功能成像研究。方法:对33名志愿者进行手针针刺,每一位志愿者会随机地接受一个点的针刺:太冲穴,中都穴,太冲穴旁的非穴位点和中都穴旁的非穴位点,在针刺同时用1.5T核磁共振扫描仪进行扫描,得到针刺穴位相对于非穴位的激活脑区。结果:相对于刺激假穴组,刺激真穴组都激活了额内侧面、前扣带回(ACC,BA24/32/25);对侧中央后回、顶叶BA7/31、额中回;还有同侧的BA19和小脑。针刺太冲穴特异地激活了两侧额中回和颞下回,对侧颞中回、岛叶、小脑和同侧额中回、尾状核;针刺中都穴特异地激活了对侧颞上回、顶下小叶、同侧的中央前回和额上回。结论:针刺同一经络上的不同穴位会引起相似的大脑反应,而针刺同一经络上不同穴位所引起的特异性激活也表明了穴位特异性的存在。     

肾上腺素能神经纤维——影响家兔实验性胃溃疡耳廓皮肤电阻的重要因素

中医的经络学说认为经络是人体内脏与体表互相联系的道路,当内脏有疾患时在体表经络穴位上有相应的反应,如电阻降低、出现压痛点;针刺经络穴位可以治疗内脏的疾病。本研究的目的是用动物实验探索这种体表与内脏的联系是否确实存在;如果存在,这种联系的实质是什么。首先在家兔的内脏用实验方法造成疾患,在疾患过程中探测耳廓皮肤的电阻变化。扫描探测的范围是耳廓的凹面皮肤。探测的仪器是高频皮肤电阻测量仪(550千周/秒)。     

经络实质辨析--关于经络本质与生物学基础的研究

本文是对作者近年关于经络本质研究工作的小结.作者首先对十余年来我国经络本质研究方面的工作进行了简略的回顾和评价,突出强调了:经络本质的研究,重点应当放在对调控人体经络生理网络的信息载体(messenger)的研究上.作者应用细胞信号转导的理论和相关实验数椐指出:当针刺穴位时,细胞产生Ca2 振荡(-在胞内)和Ca2 波(-在胞间),其幅频信号中可能蕴含有相关经络通路和生理功能调节信息;Ca2 通过与其结合的蛋白(如钙调素CaM等)参与了人体从受精、代谢、肌缩运动,直至认知、记忆等几乎所有生命过程.因此,作者猜想钙离子(Ca2 )以及配合针刺实现在细胞间Ca2 波接力传递的三磷酸肌醇(IP3)可能便是人们长期探寻的调控人体经络网络的信息载体,它们联同在经线上的细胞缝隙连接蛋白(connexon),构成了经络的物质基础.作者最后指出了今后进一步研究的途径和实验方法.     

基于BP神经网络的耳穴信息智能识别系统

本文介绍用BP网络建立耳穴信息的智能识别系统,其设计原理和方法融合了经络、脏腑理论与模式识别理论.并用该系统通过识别人体耳穴电学特征量筛检上消化道癌.本文中用该模型作胃病例样本识别试验获得了较好的结果.此项工作对于癌症防治有重要意义,同时也为现代科学与传统中医学的结合开辟了一条新路.     

Modification of K+ channel-drug interactions by ancillary subunits

Reconciling ion channel α-subunit expression with native ionic currents and their pharmacological sensitivity in target organs has proved difficult. In native tissue, many K⁺ channel α-subunits co-assemble with ancillary subunits, which can profoundly affect physiological parameters including gating kinetics and pharmacological interactions. In this review, we examine the link between voltage-gated potassium ion channel pharmacology and the biophysics of ancillary subunits. We propose that ancillary subunits can modify the interaction between pore blockers and ion channels by three distinct mechanisms: changes in (1) binding site accessibility; (2) orientation of pore-lining residues; (3) the ability of the channel to undergo post-binding conformational changes. Each of these subunit-induced changes has implications for gating, drug affinity and use dependence of their respective channel complexes. A single subunit may modulate its associated α-subunit by more than one of these mechanisms. Voltage-gated potassium channels are the site of action of many therapeutic drugs. In addition, potassium channels interact with drugs whose primary target is another channel, e.g. the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, the sodium channel blocker quinidine, etc. Even when K⁺ channel block is the intended mode of action, block of related channels in non-target organs, e.g. the heart, can result in major and potentially lethal side-effects. Understanding factors that determine specificity, use dependence and other properties of K⁺ channel drug binding are therefore of vital clinical importance. Ancillary subunits play a key role in determining these properties in native tissue, and so understanding channel–subunit interactions is vital to understanding clinical pharmacology.     

Absence of SHATI/Nat8l reduces social interaction in mice

Rapidly adapting mechanically activated channels (RA) are expressed on somatosensory neurons and thought to play a role in mechanical transduction. Because mechanical sensations can be significantly affected by temperatures, we examined thermal sensitivity of RA currents in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to see if RA channel activity is highly temperature-dependent. RA currents were evoked from DRG neurons by membrane displacements and recorded by the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. We found that RA currents were significantly enhanced by warming temperatures from 22 to 32 °C and reduced by cooling temperatures from 24 to 14 °C. RA channel activation exhibited steep temperature-dependence with a large temperature coefficient (Q10>5) and a high activation energy (Ea>30 kcal/mol). We further showed that RA channel activation by mechanical stimulation led to membrane depolarization, which could result in action potential firing at 22 °C or 32 °C but not at 14 °C. Taken together, our results provide the measurements of thermal dynamics and activation energy of RA channels, and suggest that a high energy barrier is present for RA channels to open. These findings are in agreement with temperature sensitivity of mechanical sensations in mammals.     

方剂计量学在中医药治疗艾滋病方剂中的初步研究

目的 探讨艾滋病方剂用药的性味及归经、功效的规律和特点,为艾滋病中医治疗提供参考和借鉴。方法 借助方剂计量学的方法,将药物归类,并分别查出其性、味、归经、功效分类分析。结果 用于治疗艾滋病的中药共计240味,出现频次最多的为补气药,其次为清热药、利水渗湿药等。药性以温性为最,其次为寒性。药味以甘味为最,其次为苦、辛味。归经以脾经为首,依次为肺、胃、肝经。结论 从用药规律中可以初步判断出艾滋病患者中医证型以气虚最为多见。从性味归经规律中可以看出常用药物紧扣其病位在脾,以脾肺肝功能失调为本,元气亏虚为其关键致病因素的病因病机.     

大鼠后三里针刺前后细胞外基质的差异性基因表达

目的:探讨穴位区针刺前后细胞外基质的差异性基因表达及其在针刺信号转导中的作用机制。方法:SD大鼠10只,分针刺组和针刺对照组2组,手法针刺大鼠“后三里”30 min,立即取材;针刺对照组也取左侧后三里相应区域的组织。所取组织经RNA提取及纯化后,采用Agilent大鼠cDNA芯片比较2组大鼠细胞外基质的差异性基因表达,对差异性表达的基因进一步采用实时定量PCR法验证。结果:大鼠后三里区针刺前后细胞外基质具有差异性表达的基因有4条,针刺前后的整合素无差异性基因表达。结论:针刺前后穴位区细胞外基质存在部分差异性表达基因,细胞外基质在针刺始动中的具体作用途径及机制还有待进一步研究。     

穴位埋线治疗慢性荨麻疹的中医护理对策及效果观察

目的 观察穴位埋线治疗慢性荨麻疹的中医护理对策及效果。方法 选取2014年3月~2017年3月本院收治的70例慢性荨麻疹患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各35例。两组患者均给予穴位埋线治疗,对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予中医护理,对比两组患者的复发和护理满意情况。结果 观察组复发率（2.86%）与对照组（17.14%）相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组护理满意度（97.14%）与对照组（80.00%）相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对穴位埋线治疗的慢性荨麻疹患者使用中医护理对策,可明显降低复发率,提高护理质量,临床意义重大。     

Colocalization of KCNQ1/KCNE channel subunits in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

The KCNQI potassium channel alpha-subunit can associate with various KCNE beta-subunits that drastically influence channel gating. Here we show that in the mouse gastrointestinal tract KCNQ1 is prominently expressed in stomach, small intestine and colon, while KCNE3 is expressed in the colon and to a lesser extent in small intestine. Immunostaining revealed that KCNQ1 colocalizes with KCNE3 in the basolateral membranes of crypt cells of the colon and small intestine. Together with the previously shown electrophysiological properties of KCNQ1/KCNE3 channels, this strongly suggests that they form the basolateral potassium conductance that is required for transepithelial cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion. In the stomach, KCNQ1 is expressed together with the H+/K+-ATPase in the luminal membrane of acid-secreting parietal cells of gastric glands. KCNE2, but neither KCNE1 nor KCNE3 was detected in the stomach by Northern analysis. Similar to KCNQ1, KCNE2 was present in gastric glands in only a subset of cells that probably represent parietal cells. The coexpression of KCNQ1 and KCNE2 in HEK293 cells yielded potassium currents that were open at resting voltages, suggesting that these heteromeric channels may underlie the apical potassium conductance in acid-secreting parietal cells that is necessary for the recycling of potassium ions during acid secretion via the H+/K+-ATPase.     

A novel method for analysis of single ion channel signal based on wavelet transform

A single ion channel signal was analysed by the power distribution fraction constructed by a discrete wavelet transform. Average opening time and energy distribution of the signal can be obtained directly by this method. The method can also be used when the signal is corrupted by noise. By contrast, the conventional frequency domain analysis method--power spectral density--is less effective. Power distribution fraction will therefore give more useful information in analysis of experimental ion channel signals, principally by giving values of the mean channel opening time. The method may be applied to distinguish different ion channels more efficiently and to find their reactions to drugs.     

T淋巴细胞离子通道的研究进展

研究表明,离子通道CRAC、Kv1.3、KCa3.1、Clswell等共同在T淋巴细胞活化及稳态中发挥作用,参与机体免疫调节.钙离子通过T淋巴细胞膜上的CRAC进入细胞内,作为第二信使激活T淋巴细胞.钾离子通道介导的钾离子外流是T淋巴细胞膜电位形成的基础,间接调节T淋巴细胞的活化和功能.T淋巴细胞膜上的氯离子通道与细胞的体积调节有关.了解离子通道表达改变所引起T细胞亚型的分化,T细胞离子通道在T细胞活化中的作用及离子通道阻断剂用于治疗自身免疫疾病及过敏反应的可能性具有重要意义.     

Acupuncture normalizes the release of accumbal dopamine during the withdrawal period and after the ethanol challenge in chronic ethanol-treated rats

Many studies have shown that acupuncture can contribute to the biochemical balance in the central nervous system and maintenance or recovery of homeostasis. It is well known that chronic administration of ethanol may produce depletion or sensitization of extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of acupuncture on chronic ethanol-induced changes in extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell (using in vivo microdialysis in unanesthetized rats). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 3 g/kg/day of ethanol (20%, w/v) or saline by intraperitoneal injection for 21 days. Following 72 h of ethanol withdrawal, acupuncture was applied at bilateral Shenmen (HT7) points for 1 min. Different group of rats using the same paradigm of ethanol treatment were acupunctured at the same points after the systemic ethanol challenge (3 g/kg, i.p.). Acupuncture at the specific acupoint HT7, but not at control points (PC6 or tail) significantly prevented both a decrease of extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens during ethanol withdrawal and an increase in accumbal dopamine levels induced by the ethanol challenge. These results provided strong evidence that stimulation of the specific acupoint HT7 helps to normalize the release of dopamine in the mesolimbic system following chronic ethanol treatment.