379例HCV感染者丙型肝炎病毒载量与抗HCV及肝功能指标的相关性分析

目的 探讨丙型肝炎患者HCV RNA载量与抗HCV及肝功能指标的相关性.方法 回顾分析2011年1月至2013年12月间在本院门诊,住院,体检中丙型肝炎抗体阳性病人,男150人,女229人,年龄32-87岁,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测HCV RNA病毒,全自动生化分析仪检测肝功能8项指标,按HCV RNA病毒载量数分HCV RNA阴性组,HCV RNA低中水平组,HCV RNA高水平组.结果 三组年龄分布比例经统计学检验无明显差异（P＞0.05）,但低中水平女性比例比男性略高;三组肝功能生化指标检测结果不完全相同（P ＜0.05或P＜0.01）,其中HCV RNA低中水平组和高水平组血清ALT、AST、GGT、ALP、TBIL与阴性组比较均有差异（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;TP、ALB、DBIL三组间比较虽无明显统计学差异,但低中水平组和高水平组结果呈下降趋势,低中水平组和高水平组比较ALT、AST、TBIL也有明显差异（P＜0.05）,病毒载量越高ALT、AST的结果越高,经干扰素治疗后随载量的下降肝功能酶类指标也随之下降.结论 不论病毒载量的高低只要HCV RNA持续阳性,都可导致肝细胞的损害和肝功能的异常,临床应尽早进行抗病毒治疗.PCR实时荧光探针技术方法先进,技术成熟,结果稳定,能早期诊断HCV感染者,有助于临床早期抗病毒治疗,防止HCV传播和发展.     

抗-HCV和HCV-RNA检测及其与ALT的相关性分析

目的探讨化学免疫发光法（CLIA）定量检测抗-HCV和FQ-PCR法检测HCV-RNA含量与丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平的相关性。方法用CLIA定量筛选抗-HCV阳性的100例病人标本,以荧光定量PCR法检测HCV-RNA含量和酶速率法检测ALT浓度水平,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果在100份抗-HCV阳性标本中,检出HCV-RNA阳性者76例,阳性率为76%。随着抗-HCV的S/CO值增高,HCV-RNA检出率增高较明显;ALT水平与HCV-RNA含量无显著相关性（P〉0.05）,但ALT异常率与HCV-RNA含量呈正相关。结论在HCV诊断与疗效观察中,血清抗HCV、HCV-RNA和ALT指标各有利弊,3者有机结合能正确诊断和预测肝脏损伤及评价疗效。     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA与血清标志物的检测

临床上，诊断丙型肝炎多采用检测血清中特异性标志物抗HCV抗体及非特异性标志物丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)，而检测丙型肝炎病毒RNA(HCV RNA)，则是诊断HCV感染最直接、最可靠的指标。随着定量PCR的出现，人们将其用于丙型肝炎的早期诊断和治疗监测中。我们利用荧光定量-聚合酶链反应(FQ—PCR)检测了HCV RNA，并与血清性标志物(抗HCV抗体、ALT)进行了对比研究，以探讨两者之间的关系。     

丙肝病毒核心抗原的检测与RNA定量和谷丙转氨酶的相关性及临床意义

目的 探索丙肝病毒核心抗原(HCV-cAg)与RNA定量及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的相关性,以指导临床应用.方法 检测本院98例疑似丙型病毒性肝炎患者血清中HCV-cAg,RNA定量及ALT水平,评估检测结果的准确性及相关性.结果 所有疑似患者血清中检测到HCV-RNA的患者87.76％(86/98),检测到HCV-cAg患者有82.65％(81/98),P＞0.05.相对于HCV-RNA检测,HCV-cAg检测的灵敏度为94.19％.所有检测到HCV-cAg患者的血清中均能检测到RNA,HCV-cAg检测的特异性为100％.当病毒载量大于1.0×103IU/mL时,HCV-RNA定量与HCV-cAg水平高度正相关,r = 0.93,P＜0.0001.HCV-RNA定量或HCV-cAg水平分别与ALT水平高度正相关,r值分别为0.83、0.80,P＜0.0001.结论 HCV-cAg或HCV-RNA水平对于诊断丙型肝炎有相似诊断价值.HCV-cAg检测特异性高,灵敏度不及HCV-RNA.当病毒载量高时,HCV-RNA及HCV-cAg水平高度正相关,且分别与ALT水平均有高度正相关性.     

HCV RNA载量与ALT和AST检测

我国丙型肝炎（hepatitisCvirus，HCV）感染人数约3800万，60％-85％的感染者发展为慢性肝炎，其中约20％并发肝纤维化、肝硬化等严重肝脏疾病。丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）浓度，和谷草转氨酶（AST）存在于肝细胞的胞质中，在肝细胞损伤时通过细胞膜释放入血中，造成血清AfJT升高，血清ALT水平是反映肝脏组织损伤最敏感的指标之一，ALT水平越高肝脏组织损伤越重。丙肝治疗达到病毒学应答时，ALT多数都能恢复正常，停药后ALT再升高可反应病毒的复发。本文对119例病毒阳性的丙肝患者，按病毒拷贝数的对数值分为低水平≤3．00和高水平≥3.01两组，并进行了HCVRNA拷贝数和AIJT、AST结果比较分析，现报道如下。     

丙型肝炎患者HCV-RNA载量与抗-HCV检测的临床意义探讨

目的探讨丙型病毒性肝炎患者血清HCV-RNA载量与抗-HCV浓度检测的临床意义。方法采用荧光定量PCR对本院2016年1月-2017年7月就诊的113例丙型病毒性肝炎患者和30例健康对照进行HCV-RNA载量检测并对基因组测序分型,同时使用ELISA检测抗-HCV浓度,全自动生化分析仪检测血清AST、ALT、TBIL浓度。结果陕西榆林地区丙肝患者主要基因型为HCV1型82例(72.57%);2型10例(8.85%);3型5例(4.42%);6型7例(6.19%)。随着HCV-RNA的增加,抗-HCV阳性率有所增高,两者一致性增高。丙肝患者抗-HCV的S/CO值均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义。HCV-RNA四个载量水平不同组间除中、低载量组AST无统计学意义外,ALT、AST、TBIL水平比较差异均有统计学意义。结论 HCV-RNA联合抗-HCV检测与肝功能相关指标(AST、ALT、TBIL)检测三者相互结合,对于丙型病毒性肝炎患者的早期诊断和疗效监测具有重要的意义。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者凝血功能与血清HCV—RNA含量的关系探讨

目的探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者凝血功能与血清HCV-RNA含量之间的关系及其意义。方法收集广州市第八人民医院慢性丙型肝炎患者182例。健康人群20例作为正常对照组。慢性丙型肝炎患者根据HCV—RNA含量分为A组（HCV-RNA含量：〈10^5IU／ml）、B组（HCV．RNA含量：105IU／ml）、C组（HCV-RNA含量：106NIU／ml）、D组（HCV-RNA含量：10^7IU／ml）。分别检测其血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血酶原时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、血浆纤维蛋白原（FIB）四项凝血功能指标及血清HCV．RNA含量。分析PT、AFIT、TT、FIB指标在不同血清HCV．RNA含量组中的变化及其意义。结果除FIB值外,不同HCV—RNA含量组之间胛、APTT、TT比较差异均有统计学意义（X2PT=32．91,X2APTT=25．78,X^2 TT=43．14,P均=0．000）。各组PT、APTT、TT值与正常对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,特别是病毒含量≥10^5 IU／ml时,与正常对照组比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。对于FIB值,除了病毒含量≥10^7 IU／ml≥106～〈10^7 IU／ml组外,其余两组与正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论慢性丙型肝炎患者凝血功能随着病人体内HCV-RNA含量的增加有逐渐降低的趋势,特别是对于HCV-RNA含量≥10^6 IU／ml的病人。应随时监测病人的凝血功能,以防出现严重的出血。     

常州地区丙型肝炎病毒基因分型及临床分析

目的:了解常州地区丙型肝炎病毒基因型分布、病毒复制与肝功能损害的关系。方法:对150例丙型肝炎病毒抗体检测为阳性的患者,采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术检测血清丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸(HCVRNA)水平,并检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)等肝功能相关指标,HCV基因分型采用基因芯片法。结果:150例患者中,HCV RNA阳性患者130例(>1×103IU/ml),HCV RNA阴性患者20例(<1×103IU/ml)。经相关性检验,HCV RNA阳性患者血清ALT、AST水平与HCV RNA含量表明无显著的相关性(P>0.05),HCV RNA阳性患者血清ALT和AST指标明显高于HCV RNA阴性患者(P<0.05)。对其中54例HCV RNA阳性标本进行HCV基因分型,1型有46例(85.19%),非1型8例(14.81%)。1型与非1型相比较,两组的血清ALT和AST水平没有明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:常州地区丙型肝炎病毒感染以1型病毒为主;持续的丙型肝炎病毒复制与肝功能损害密切相关;病毒载量与肝功能检测对丙型肝炎的治疗有重要意义。     

慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染者血清自身抗体检测的临床研究

目的 观察丙型肝炎病毒感染者血清中自身抗体的检测结果,探讨自身免疫在丙型肝炎病毒感染中的意义.方法 采用回顾性分析方法,对226例慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染者和137例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清进行ANA、anti-AMA、anti-Ro-52等自身抗体的检测,并探讨HCV-RNA含量、生化指标、年龄及性别、干扰素治疗后应答等与自身抗体变化的关系.结果 丙型肝炎感染者226例中有78例出现自身抗体阳性,检出率为34.5%（78/226）;明显高于慢性乙肝组的7.3%（10/137）（χ^2=34.396,P＜0.05）,其中ANA阳性69例,占30.5%.抗核抗体以低滴度为主.另外还检测到anti-AMA、anti-Ro-52等自身抗体;150例丙肝病毒复制指标HCV-RNA（＋）的患者,自身抗体检出率为40.7%,76例丙肝病毒复制指标HCV-RNA（-）的患者,自身抗体检出率为22.4%,两者总检出率差别有统计学意义（χ^2=7.473,P＜0.05）;自身抗体阴性、阳性者之间ALT、AST、TBIL数值分别为（65.1±24.4）U/L、（47.4±22.7）U/L、（17.2±8.2）μmol/L和（132.2±49.3）U/L、（100.7±35.2）U/L、（35.5±14.7）μmol/L,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为16.012,14.843,和9.000,均P＜0.05）;丙型肝炎自身抗体的检出率与年龄有关,而与性别无关;丙型肝炎患者经干扰素抗病毒治疗后,虽然自身抗体阳性组干扰素应答率73.9%（17/23）高于自身抗体阴性组的54.2%（26/48）,但差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.975,P＞0.05）.结论 丙型肝炎病毒感染可诱发机体自身免疫反应,产生多种自身抗体,尤其HCV-RNA阳性患者更为突出,自身抗体检出率与年龄明显有关,检测自身抗体对丙型肝炎的诊断治疗具有指导意义.     

实时荧光定量HCV RNA与ALT检测在丙肝筛查中临床价值的研究

目的 探讨抗-HCV抗体阳性时,实时荧光定量HCV RNA与ALT检测在丙肝筛查中临床价值的研究.方法 回顾选择2019年1月至2019年12月首都医科大学附属房山区良乡医院收治的患者109例为研究对象,均留取外周静脉血,测定血清抗-HCV抗体、HCV RNA,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平.结果 在收集的109例抗-HCV抗体阳性患者样本中,以HCV RNA为金标准作为丙型肝炎的诊断,HCV RNA阳性患者占20.2％(22/109),HCV RNA阴性患者占79.8％(87/109),两组样本经独立样本配对t检验,P值为0.006,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以HCV RNA检测为金标准,用SPSS 23.0软件对抗-HCV的S/CO值及ALT进行ROC曲线处理,HCV抗体S/CO值对丙型肝炎的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.851,ALT对丙型肝炎的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.831.结论 HCV RNA阳性患者ALT平均值明显高于HCV RNA阴性患者的ALT平均值.抗-HCV的S/CO值及ALT对于丙型肝炎的筛查都有一定的价值,且抗-HCV抗体优于ALT的筛查.临床上,患者筛查丙型肝炎抗体阳性时,可同时进行ALT的检测,可为丙型肝炎早期诊断提供依据,以免延误治疗时机.     

1年以上血透患者HCV感染状况的调查

目的 研究1年以上的长期血液透析患者丙型肝炎（HCV）感染状况。方法 用ELISA法和RT－PCR法检测137例长期血透患者血清中的抗－HCV和HCVRNA,并且同时检测谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）,计算其变动率。结果 透析时间超过1年以上的137例患者中仅抗－HCV阳性8例,仅HCV－RNA阳性13例,抗－HCV与HCVRNA同时阳性者24例,感染率34．3％。且透析时间小于2年的,HCV感染率为15％,透析时间大于2年以上的其感染率增至37．6％。结论 血透患者中HCV的感染应引起重视,透析的年限越长,被HCV感染的机率就越大。酶学指证的变动率不能作为长期透析患者HCV感染的敏感指标。     

Hepatitis C infection and viremia in Dutch Hemophilia patients

Serum samples from 316 patients visiting the Dutch National Hemophilia Center were collected from 1979 to 1993 and stored at ?30°C. Patients were placed into three different groups: (1) patients ever treated with large pool non-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-safe concentrate (n=179); (2) patients treated with cryoprecipitate (n = 125); and (3) patients treated exclusively with HCV-save concentrate (n=12). In order to examine the prevalence of HCV infection in the different treatment groups serum samples were tested retrospectively for anti-HCV antibody using second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA-2). Significant differences in the prevalence of HCV infection were found between these 3 groups (group 1: 99%, group 2: 66%, group 3: 0%). The safety of currently administered clotting products is demonstrated in 57 patients who remained without HCV markers between 1989 and 1993. To examine the natural course of HCV infection fresh-frozen plasma samples were obtained recently from a subgroup of 277 hemophilia patients for HCV-RNA detection by a well-validated cDNA-PCR assay. In contrast to other reports, no evidence was found for seronegative HCV carriers. None of 52 patients without anti-HCV had detectable HCV-RNA. Of 225 patients with anti-HCV, 182 (81%) were HCV-RNA positive. None of 39 anti-HCV positive patients with a negative HCV-RNA reaction had serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above 50 U/l, whereas 44% of HCV-RNA positive patients had persistently elevated ALT levels above 50 U/l. These results indicate that 20% of hemophilia patients who have been infected with HCV in the past eliminated the virus or have viral replication below the detection limit of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) without biochemical evidence of liver damage. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, inc.     

Surrogate markers are not useful for identification of HCV carriers in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Several diagnostic hepatitis C assays have been developed for the detection of antibodies to different antigens of the virus. This virus is the major cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Seventy-nine patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and/or hemofiltration were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies (anti-C-100-3 antibodies and anti-core antibodies), anti-hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), and aminotransferases (ALT). Seven patients were positive by one or more of the anti-HCV enzyme linked immunoassays (EIAs), while HCV-RNA was detectable in only four patients. These four patients had at least one, but not necessarily the same, positive anti-HCV EIA. HCV-RNA was not detected in patients who had no antibodies as determined by all six anti-HCV EIAs. All patients with a marker for HCV infection had persistent normal levels of transaminases. Three patients had elevated ALT values without a marker for HCV infection and suffered from hepatitis B virus infection. Anti-HBc was detected in 27/72 patients without any marker and in four patients with a marker of HCV infection. However, HCV-RNA was detectable in only one of these four anti-HBc positive patients. It is concluded that surrogate markers (anti-HBc and serum transaminases) are not useful for identification of HCV carriers in chronic hemodialysis patients.     

Comparative study on the clinical and virological characteristics among patients with single occult hepatitis B virus (HBV), single occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) and occult HBV and HCV dual infection

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) and occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are two recently described different forms of HBV and HCV infections. This work compares the clinical, virologic, and histologic characteristics of patients with occult dual infection to those of patients with single occult HBV or HCV infection. Seventy-six patients with abnormal liver function tests of unknown etiology (serum HBsAg, anti-HCV, HBV-DNA, and HCV-RNA negative) were included in the study. Viral genomes were tested in liver by real-time PCR and confirmed by in situ hybridization. Of the 76 patients, 17 had occult HBV infection (intrahepatic HBV-DNA positive, HCV-RNA negative), 35 had occult HCV infection (intrahepatic HCV-RNA positive, HBV-DNA negative) and 24 occult dual infection (intrahepatic HCV-RNA and HBV-DNA). No differences among the three groups were found regarding clinical and epidemiologic data. The median load of intrahepatic genomic and antigenomic HCV-RNA strands was similar between single occult HCV infection and occult HBV and HCV dual infection. The percentage of HCV-infected hepatocytes did not differ between these groups. In occult single HBV infection, intrahepatic levels of HBV-DNA and percentage of HBV-infected hepatocytes were similar to the group of patients with occult dual infection. Finally, no differences were found in histological liver damage among the three groups. In conclusion, liver disease in patients with occult dual infection was not more severe than in patients with single occult HBV or occult HCV infection. Moreover, in occult dual infection there is no a reciprocal inhibition of the viral genomes.     

Occult hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections

Occult HBV infection is a well-recognised clinical entity characterised by the detection of HBV-DNA in serum and/or in liver in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Occult HBV infection has been described not only in patients who have resolved an acute or chronic HBV infection but also in patients without any serological markers of a past HBV infection. Occult HBV infection in patients with chronic HCV infection may induce more severe liver disease and lower response rate to interferon treatment. The existence of occult HCV infections has been also reported more recently. Occult HCV infection is characterised by the presence of HCV-RNA in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of detectable serum HCV-RNA. Occult HCV infection may occur under two different clinical situations: in hepatitis C antibody-(anti-HCV) negative and serum HCV-RNA-negative patients with abnormal liver function tests and in anti-HCV-positive patients who have no detectable serum HCV-RNA and who have normal liver enzymes. The clinical relevance of occult HCV infections is still under investigation.     

Prevalence of viral hepatitis markers in Korean patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were analyzed according to year, sex, age, and serum ALT levels in 1,370 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who visited the Korea Cancer Center Hospital between January 1989 and December 1994. The positive rate of HBsAg was 68.8 to 76.0% per year in patients with HCC, while that of anti-HCV was 3.2 to 9.8% per year. No sex predominance was found in the positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HCV. HBsAg positivity was distributed mostly in the 41 to 50 age group, whereas anti-HCV positivity was distributed mostly in the over 50 age group. Higher positive rate of anti-HCV was observed in HCC patients with serum ALT levels above the normal range than in those with serum ALT levels within the normal range. However, elevated serum ALT levels above the normal range was not related to the positive rate of HBsAg. The relatively low prevalence of anti-HCV in patients with HCC suggests that the role of HCV infection in the development of HCC lower than that of HBV infection in Korea. However, our results suggest that HCV is another potent risk factor for HCC even in HBV endemic areas.     

Endemic hepatitis C virus infection in a Sicilian town: further evidence for iatrogenic transmission

The prevalence of and risk factors for HCV and HBV infections in the general population and the predictive value of ALT screening in identifying anti-HCV positive subjects have been evaluated in a small Sicilian town. A random 1:4 sampling from the census of the general population was performed. Anti-HCV, HCV-RNA, HCV genotype, HBsAg, and anti-HBc were tested. The linkage between HCV infection and potential risk factors was evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Among 721 subjects studied, 75 (10.4%) were anti-HCV positive. The HCV infection rate increased from 0.4% in subjects 10-29 years of age to 34% in those > 60 years of age. Among the 75 anti-HCV positive subjects, 66.7% were HCV-RNA positive and 36% had abnormal ALT, in contrast abnormal ALT levels were found in 4.3% of the 646 anti-HCV negative subjects (P < 0.01). HCV genotype 1b infected the majority (88.0%) of viremic subjects. Exposure to HBV infection (anti-HBc positivity) was found in 11.2% of subjects; HBsAg positivity was 0.7%. At multivariate analysis, two variables were associated with HCV infection: age > or = 45 years (OR 27.8; CI 95% = 11.0-70.2) and previous hospitalization (OR 2.5; CI 95% = 1.3-4.7). ALT testing had low positive predictive value (PPV = 49.1%) for HCV infection. The positive predictive value was good (88%) in people > or = 60 years of age, but minimal (16.7%) in those below 60. These findings indicate that HCV infection is common in the elderly, perhaps as a result of past iatrogenic transmission. The present low rate of HCV infection among the younger generations coupled with the low progression of the viral related liver damage does not support the projection of a future increasing incidence in the next decades of the burden of HCV-related chronic disease. HBV infection, formerly common in this area, is already in sharp decline. In an area of high HCV endemicity, screening of the general population by ALT cannot be used a surrogate marker to detect HCV infection in those susceptible to treatment.     

游离丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原检测的临床价值探讨

目的:探讨游离丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核心抗原检测在HCV感染诊断中的价值。方法:采用荧光定量PCR法检测HCV-RNA、ELISA法同步检测抗-HCV和游离HCV核心抗原。结果:191例HCV感染者HCV-RNA的检出率为71·2%(136/191);抗-HCV的检出率为97·4%(186/191);游离HCV核心抗原的检出率为33·0%(63/191)。其中有2例经抗病毒治疗的患者HCV-RNA和抗-HCV检测均阴性,但游离HCV核心抗原检测阳性;另有1例患者抗-HCV阴性,而游离HCV核心抗原阳性,经HCV-RNA证实为HCV感染。27例非HCV感染者HCV-RNA、抗-HCV和游离HCV核心抗原检测结果均为阴性。结论:HCV核心抗原检测作为抗-HCV检验的补充试验对HCV感染的诊断具有重要价值。