CD226在系统性红斑狼疮患者T淋巴细胞亚群上的表达

目的：研究CD226在SLE患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群上的表达，以阐明CD226抗原在SLE患者体内T细胞活化中作用以及与SLE发病的关系。方法：31例SLE患者和30例健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞，在体外培养72h后，三色荧光标记的单克隆抗体染色，利用流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群细胞表面CD226抗原的表达。结果；SLE患者组的CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T淋巴细胞上CD226^ 表达均高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）；活动期SLE组、静止期SLE组的CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞上CD226^ 表达均显著高于对照组（P＜0．01），而活动期与静止期患者之间T细胞亚群上CD226^ 表达则无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。SLE患者CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞CD226^ 抗原表达水平与SLEDAI之间无明显相关性（P＞0．05）。结论：SLE患者体内存在T细胞亚群异常活化；活动期、静止期SLET淋巴细胞CD226^＋表达均增高，CD226^ 可能参与了SLE的免疫发病。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞与系统性红斑狼疮病情活动性关系的研究

目的：检测系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋、CD4^＋CD8^＋调节性T细胞亚群，探讨其与疾病活动性、肾脏损伤、血清抗ds-DNA抗体及免疫球蛋白和补体C3含量的关系。方法：采用流式细胞术检测北京协和医院住院和门诊SLE患者（n=37）外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T、CD4^＋CD8^＋T细胞群比例，以15例RA和15例SS组成自身免疫性疾病对照，30例健康体检者作为正常对照，观察调节性T细胞亚群与SLE患者疾病活动性指标SLEDAI、IgG、C3及血清抗ds-DNA抗体的关系。结果：①疾病活动期SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞群比例显著低于正常对照组（P〈0.01），疾病稳定期和风湿性疾病对照组与正常对照组结果差异无统计学意义。疾病活动期和稳定期SLE患者CD4＋CD8＋T细胞群比例都略高于正常对照组，但未发现结果差异有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。②疾病活动期SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞比例及CD4^＋CD25^＋/CD4^＋值显著低于稳定期患者（P〈0.01）。SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋/CD4^＋值与SLEDAI、补体C3呈低度相关（r分别为-0.491、0.368，P〈0.05），CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞数量与SLEDAI呈负相关（r=-0.578，P〈0.05）。③SLE并发肾病组外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞群比例及CD4^＋CD25^＋/CD4^＋值显著低于非肾病组（P〈0.01；P〈0.05）。同一SLE患者治疗前后CD3^＋CD4^-CD8^-细胞和NK细胞降低，CD4^＋CD25^＋细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋/CD4^＋值及CD8^＋T细胞增加，但未发现这些结果差异有统计学意义。本次研究未发现NK细胞、CD4^＋CD8＋T细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞群比例在ds-DNA＋组与ds-DNA-组之间结果差异有统计学意义。结论：SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞群比例与SLEDAI成负相关，与肾脏的损害也有密切关系，但与血清抗ds-DNA抗体产生的关系不明显。活动期SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞减少，稳定期CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞比例回升，因此推测CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的变化可能是导致疾病发生和病情发展及相关器官（如肾脏）损伤的关键环节之一。     

PDL1 和IFN-α与系统性红斑狼疮患者免疫功能异常的关系研究

目的:探讨PD-L1和IFN-α与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者免疫功能异常的关系。方法:选取2018年1月～2019年12月于我院就诊的SLE患者52例(SLE组)和健康志愿者48例(对照组)。根据抗dsDNA抗体检测结果,将SLE组分为抗dsDNA抗体阳性组(18例)和阴性组(34例)。ELISA检测血清PD-L1和IFN-α,分别采用ELISA法和间接免疫荧光法检测抗dsDNA抗体,流式细胞术检测细胞表面PD-1和PD-L1,速率散射比浊法检测补体C3和C4,免疫比浊法检测CRP。结果:与对照组相比,SLE患者外周血CD4~+T细胞表面PD-1和PD-L1表达上调,阳性组高于阴性组(P0.01);CD8~+T和CD19~+B细胞表面PD-1表达上调,PD-L1表达下调,阳性组与阴性组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);与阴性组和对照组相比,阳性组血清PD-L1、补体C3和C4显著降低,而IFN-α、CRP、SLEDAI及抗dsDNA抗体滴度显著增高(P0.01);SLE患者血清PD-L1与IFN-α、SLEDAI、抗dsDNA抗体滴度和CRP呈显著负相关(r=-0.468,-0.494,-0.493,-0.352,P0.05),与补体C3和C4呈显著正相关(r=0.498,0.326,P0.05)。结论:PD-L1和IFN-α异常表达于SLE患者T、B淋巴细胞表面和血清,共同参与细胞及体液免疫功能调节。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1的表达和意义

目的 探讨程序性死亡分子1 (PD-1)在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞上的表达及临床意义.方法 应用流式细胞仪检测51例SLE患者和38例健康对照者外周血T细胞亚群表面PD-1表达水平,比较SLE稳定组、活动组和健康对照组以及狼疮肾炎组和无狼疮肾炎组之间CD4+和CD8+T细胞表面PD-1表达的百分比,并分析其与临床表现及实验室检查数据的相关性.结果 SLE活动组CD4+T细胞PD-1表达水平高于健康对照组和不活动组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SLE活动组、稳定组CD8+T细胞PD-1表达水平均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).狼疮肾炎患者CD4+PD-1+和CD8+PD-1+T细胞分别高于无狼疮肾炎患者(P＜0.01).SLE患者中抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗核小体抗体阳性组外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达水平均高于对应阴性组.SLE患者CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达百分率与SLE疾病活动度指数(SLEDAI)、尿蛋白定量呈正相关,与补体C3呈负相关.结论 SLE患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达异常,与SLEDA1和自身抗体产生有明确的相关性.     

Fas-FasL和caspase-3信号通路在启动SLE患者T细胞亚群凋亡中的作用

目的：探讨SLE患者T细胞亚群的Fas-FasL信号传导通路与T细胞凋亡紊乱的关系。方法：应用流式细胞术测定T细胞亚群表面Fas、FasL的表达率及细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率。结果：与健康对照组相比较，活动期及稳定期SLE患者组CD4^＋T细胞表面Fas的表达率均显著增加（P〈0．05），CD8^＋T细胞表面Fas的表达率略有增加但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。稳定期和活动期SLE患者组T细胞亚群表面FasL的表达率均显著增加（P〈0．05），但两疾病组问T细胞亚群表面Fas、FasL的表达率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。活动期SLE患者组T细胞亚群细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率，明显高于稳定期SLE患者组和健康对照组（P〈0．05）。稳定期SLE患者组T细胞亚群细胞质中活化caspase-3的表达率略高于健康对照组，但无统计学意义。结论：SLE患者外周血T细胞亚群凋亡加速，CC4^＋ T细胞的凋亡活跃，其中Fas-FasL信号传导途径可能起重要的作用。T细胞凋亡紊乱的程度与SLE的活动程度密切相关。     

CD4+CD25+T细胞在系统性红斑狼疮中的表达及意义

目的：探讨CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞、IL-10在系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者外周血的表达及临床意义。方法：入组30例SLE患者和20例正常对照者，其中活动性SLE患者17人，非活动性SLE患者13人。用流式细胞仪检测SLE患者和正常对照者的外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞阳性率，用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清中IL-10浓度。结果：活动性和非活动性SLE患者CD4^＋ T细胞总数均低于正常对照者；活动性和非活动性SLE患者CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞阳性率高于正常对照者；活动性SLE患者IL-10浓度显著高于非活动性SLE患者和正常对照者。SLE患者CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞阳性率和血清IL-10浓度与补体C3、抗DNA抗体水平及SLEDAI积分均无相关性。结论：SLE患者外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞是活化T细胞的标志，IL-10分泌异常与SLE的发病有关。     

初发系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+和CD4~+CD25~-Foxp3~+T细胞

目的：研究初发系统性红斑狼疮患者（Systemic lupus elythematosus，SLE）外周血CD4^＋T细胞中CD25和Foxp3表达及其在SLE发病中的意义。方法：根据SLE疾病活动积分（SLEDAI）将初发SLE患者分为活动组（10例）和不活动组（11例），流式细胞仪检测治疗前后外周血CD4^＋T细胞中CD25、Foxp3和CD127表达百分率，并对其与SLE临床活动度、尿蛋白、补体和anti-ds-DNA相关性进行研究。结果：初发活动组和不活动组SLE患者CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞表达百分率分别为（1．91％～6．75％）和（2．74％～7．01％），与正常对照（2．11％～9．90％）相比没有统计学差异（P=0．524，P=0．794）；且初发SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞在体外增殖反应和增殖抑制功能与正常对照相比无明显差别（P=0．174，P=0．689）；外周血CD4^＋CD25^-Foxp3^＋T细胞百分率在初发活动组（3．71％～10．94％）和不活动组（2．97％～7．69％）SLE患者均比正常对照（1．01％～3．62％）显著增高（P〈0．01和P〈0．01）；而CD4^＋CD2^＋Foxp34^-T百分率在初发活动组SLE患者（1．19％～9．23％）显著低于正常对照（2．67％～11．26％）和初发不活动组SLE患者（3．73～8．27％）（P=0．039，P=0．048）；与CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞类似，90％左右的CD4^＋CD25一Foxp3^＋T细胞不表达或低表达CD127，其百分率与anti-ds-DNA浓度呈正相关，且尽管未达到统计学意义，但激素和免疫抑制治疗后其水平下降。结论：初发未经治疗的SLE患者CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞数量和功能无明显异常，而CD4^＋CD25^-Foxp3^＋T细胞数量增多，与SLE疾病活动相关，可能具有调节功能。     

多发性硬化患者淋巴细胞亚群的研究

目的 观察多发性硬化患者外周血及脑脊液中淋巴细胞亚群的水平。方法 用碱性磷酸酶抗磷酸酶法检测了56例多发性硬化（MS）活动期患者外周血和脑脊液（CSF）的淋巴细胞亚群。结果：活动期MS患者外周血CD4^ 、CD8^ 细胞较对照组减少，CD25^ 细胞、CD4^ /CD8^ 比值较对照组升高（P＜0．05）。CSF中CD4^ 、CD25^ 细胞、CD4^ ／CD8^ 比值较对照组升高，CD8^ 细胞降低（P＜0．05＜0．05），且CSF中淋巴细胞亚群均高于自身外周血中的相应细胞（P＜0．05）。经肾上腺皮质类固醇激素治疗后，随病情缓解，外周血、CSF中的淋巴细胞亚群均有不同程度的改善。结论 淋巴细胞亚群可能参与MS的发病，并与MS的缓解－复发有关。     

皮肤病患者IL—2R、T细胞亚群及红细胞免疫功能的测定及分析

目的：研究某些皮肤病中细胞免疫功能改变情况,方法,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体（SIL－2R）,流式细胞仪测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（D3^ ,CD4^ ,CD8^ ),及红细胞C3b受体花环（RBC－C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物花环（RBC－ICR）,T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^ , CD4^ ,CD8^ 与正常组比较明显降低（P＜0．01）,CD4 ＋/CD8^ 与正常组比较降低（P＜0．05）,RBC－C3bRR较正常组明显降低（P＜0．01）,RBC－ICR与正常组比较明显增高（P＜0．01）。结论某些皮肤病中存在细胞免疫功能改变。     

淋巴结外恶性淋巴瘤外周血T淋巴细胞亚群与免疫指标测定分析

目的：检测原发性淋巴结外恶性淋巴瘤（Primary extranodal lymphoma，PENL）患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比例和免疫球蛋白（Ig）水平的变化。方法：分别应用流式细胞术（FCM）和免疫速率比浊法测定T淋巴细胞亚群比例和免疫球蛋白（Ig）以及补体C3、C4含量。结果：PENL组CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD8^＋明显降低（P〈0．01），原发性结性恶性淋巴瘤（结性组）CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值和NK细胞比较其他两组有显著意义（P〈0．01）；提示PENL组、结性组中CD3^＋、CD4^＋和NK细胞与IgA、IgG、C3比较有显著的相关性（P〈0．01）。结论：结外恶性淋巴瘤患者免疫功能的改变，在其发病机制中的作用不容忽视，可以作为病情进展的免疫学指标。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.