钛镍记忆合金牵张器复合脱细胞真皮基质增高犬牙槽嵴的初步研究

目的用成年杂种犬建立钛镍记忆合金牵张器复合脱细胞真皮基质增高犬牙槽嵴动物模型,为下一步利用钛镍记忆合金牵张器行下颌后牙牙槽嵴增高术奠定基础。方法健康成年雄性杂种犬4只。全麻下拔除双侧下颌4个前磨牙和第一磨牙,1个月后拍摄双侧后牙区X线光片,观察拔牙窝愈合情况。采用4种类型的牵张器随机在4只犬的下颌两侧行牵张手术并观察牵张后1周和1月牙槽嵴增高的情况。结果拔牙后1个月,牙槽嵴黏膜愈合良好。X线片示下颌神经管清晰可见,其上方牙槽窝内有较低密度骨质存在。放置4种牵张器牵张术后1周、1月后牙槽嵴增高的高度分别为3.24 mm、3.76 mm、4.58 mm、5.09 mm;3.15 mm、3.67 mm、4.64 mm、5.01mm,术后一周X线可见后有明显的牵张间隙,1月时牵张区有新骨形成,骨密度增高。结论犬耐受力强,后牙区下颌骨体积大,手术易操作,是理想的牙槽嵴萎缩动物模型。拔牙后1个月,拔牙创愈合良好,可以进行牵张手术。D组＂S＂形牵张器牵张后的高度比较理想,能满足后期种植体的植入。     

钛镍记忆合金牵张器牵张增高牙槽嵴的动态研究

目的:通过对犬牵张手术后的下颌牙槽嵴高度、骨密度和组织学变化进行动态研究,了解应用钛镍记忆合金牵张器牵张成骨增高牙槽嵴的变化规律。方法:牵张增高牙槽嵴的15只犬于术前、术后1周、5周、3个月、6个月分别测量术区及对照侧相应位置颌骨高度,拍X线片,取牵张区及对照侧相同区域骨块进行双能X线骨密度测量并进行组织学研究。结果:牙槽嵴增高高度在牵张术后1、3、6个月分别减少5%、8%、11%。牵张术后3个月,牵张区骨密度低于对照侧;6个月,与对照侧的差异无显著性。结论:使用TiN i-SMA牵张器增高牙槽嵴成骨迅速,再吸收程度较低,成骨形态满意。牵张成的新骨有足够的强度,可以满足种植等后期修复的要求。     

采用骨内型牵张器建立垂直向牙槽骨牵张成骨动物模型

【目的】应用自行研制的骨内型牙槽骨牵张器,建立犬垂直向牙槽骨牵张成骨动物模型。【方法】实验动物为中山大学动物中心提供的健康成年杂种犬12只。实验材料为自行设计,纯钛制成的骨内型垂直向牙槽骨牵张器,体部直径3.75mm,长5mm。先拔除犬双侧下颌前磨牙,形成萎缩牙槽嵴的模型。3月后随机选取一侧行骨切开术,植入两枚牵张器。1周后开始牵张,每天1次,每次1mm,共5d;分别在牵张后1、2和3月将动物处死进行临床检查,X线检查和组织学检查。【结果】骨内型垂直牙槽骨牵张器愈合良好。牙槽骨高度平均增加(4.8±0.50)mm。组织学切片显示在牵张区有骨质形成,其骨小梁方向与牵引方向一致。【结论】采用该骨内型牙槽骨牵张器成功建立稳定的、重复性好的犬牙槽骨牵张成骨动物模型,为牙槽骨牵张器的国产化和临床上应用该项技术打下基础。     

骨内型垂直向牙槽骨牵张器的研制

[目的]自行研制骨内型牙槽骨牵张器,并在动物实验中检验其效果.[方法]实验动物为中山大学动物中心提供的健康成年杂种犬6只.实验材料为自行设计,纯钛制成的骨内型垂直向牙槽骨牵张器,体部直径3.75 mm,长5 mm.螺纹状钛种植体,直径3.75mm,长度10mm.先拔除犬的双侧下颌前磨牙,形成萎缩牙槽嵴的模型.3月后双侧行骨切开术,植入四枚牵张器.1周后开始牵张,每天1次,每次1 mm,共5 d;2月后拆除牵张器,植入螺纹状钛种植体.种植体植入3月后处死动物进行检查.[结果]骨内型垂直牙槽骨牵张器愈合良好,未发现有免疫排斥反应.牙槽骨高度平均增加(4.80±0.50)mm.植入的种植体在术后1月、3月检查发现和周围组织愈合良好,并与周围骨组织形成骨结合.[结论]自行研制的牙槽骨牵张器组织学相容性良好,增高犬牙槽嵴取得良好的实验效果.在牵张成骨增高的犬牙槽骨上进行牙种植可取得良好的骨结合.     

应用种植体牵张成骨增高下颌前牙牙槽嵴的临床研究

目的:探讨同期植入种植体并应用牵张成骨原理永久增高下颌前牙牙槽嵴的临床方法。方法:选择下前牙区重度牙槽嵴萎缩患者6例,其中男4例,女2例。术前选择适当规格的抗旋转柱状螺纹组合式种植体,局麻下在缺牙区近远中行横过牙槽嵴顶的纵行切口,剥离并掀起颊舌侧黏骨膜瓣后,用来复锯于萎缩的牙槽嵴顶的近、远中行垂直骨切开,切口长度为预选种植体长度的1/2。在纵行骨切口的末端水平截骨并使骨块游离,将种植体按术前设计植入游离骨块,种植体植入长度为总长度的1/2。严密缝合松弛切口。术后10天拆线。术后2周开始旋入种植体,每日4次,每次旋入1/4圈,牵引速度为1mm/d,直至种植体全部植入时止。术后1、3和6月摄X线片。骨牵引结束后6个月修复种植体上部结构。追踪观察3年。结果:6例患者截骨线均一期愈合,牙槽嵴顶增高5·0~7·5mm。11枚种植体术后3个月与骨块完全整合。种植体上部结构修复后随访5年均能正常行使功能。结论:利用同期植入种植体牵引增高牙槽嵴高度为牙槽嵴重度萎缩患者义齿修复开辟了一条新途径,是一种有效的永久的治疗方法。     

萎缩性牙槽骨实验动物模型的建立

目的:建立萎缩性牙槽骨的实验动物模型。方法:选用健康纯系雄性比格犬(Beagle)12只,每只比格犬的下颌左右两侧牙槽骨分别为实验侧和对照侧。实验侧拔除下颌第2前磨牙,并降低牙槽嵴高度及颊侧牙槽嵴宽度,模拟萎缩性牙槽骨模型;对照侧仅拔除下颌第2前磨牙。结果:采用此方法成功建立了萎缩性牙槽骨模型。结论:以比格犬为实验对象,采用模拟骨皮质剥离术,可建立萎缩性牙槽骨的实验动物模型。     

牵张种植体的研究进展

牵张种植体是新近提出的一种兼有骨牵张器与牙种植体双重功能的新型牙种植体;其基本原理是牵张成骨,应用于牙槽嵴的增高。本文简介了牵张成骨的由来和原理及其在牙槽嵴增高中的应用,详细阐述了牵张种植体的产生与研究进展,介绍了其基本结构与植入方法,并指出牵张种植体是一种很有前景的新型牙种植体。     

牵张种植体的研究进展

牵张种植体是新近提出的一种兼有骨牵张器与牙种植体双重功能的新型牙种植体;其基本原理是牵张成骨,应用于牙槽嵴的增高。本文简介了牵张成骨的由来和原理及其在牙槽嵴增高中的应用,详细阐述了牵张种植体的产生与研究进展,介绍了其基本结构与植入方法,并指出牵张种植体是一种很有前景的新型牙种植体。     

下颌后牙区颌骨高度的测量研究

目的：为下颌后牙区牙槽嵴增高术提供定量指标。方法：对 109 具成人离体下颌骨后牙区不同部位高度进行了测量。结果：颏孔上缘至牙槽嵴顶高度,有牙侧（13.95±2.45）mm,无牙侧（8.77±2.75）mm,平均值相差 5.18 mm;颏孔区下颌体高度,有牙侧（31.65±3.09）mm,无牙侧（24.67±3.88）mm,平均值相差 6.98 mm;下颌后牙区下颌体高度,有牙侧（29.15±2.91）mm,无牙侧（23.03±4.11）mm,平均值相差 6.12 mm。结论：选择颏孔和颏孔后 1.0 cm 分别作为双尖牙区、磨牙区下颌骨高度测量的标志点,方法简单,位置较恒定。下颌后牙区颌骨垂直吸收 5-7 mm,可供该区牙槽嵴增高术参考。     

羟基磷灰石增高牙槽嵴的扫描电镜观察

用犬制成下颌双侧后牙区无牙颌模型，模拟临床作羟基磷灰石(HA)微粒增高牙槽嵴扫描电镜的观察研究，同时配合X线能谱分析法，观测骨膜下HA微粒种植体与组织结合及其发展过程。结果表明：①HA微粒骨膜下种植体能与软硬组织良好的结合。HA表面钙磷沉积层可加强这种结合关系。②种植体的稳固性经历一定的程期变化。术后6周能达到较好的稳固性，随后稳周度增加。③种植体与基骨界面能获得骨性结合，随时间延长，骨性结合愈牢固。④骨膜上HA微粒种植体得不到稳周的结构和形态。⑤HA微粒是目前用于牙槽嵴增高术中较佳的人工骨材料。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.