后腹腔镜结核肾切除术12例报告

目的了解后腹腔镜结核肾切除的应用价值。方法选取2005年1月~2008年12月进行的12例后腹腔镜结核肾切除术及12例开放性结核肾切除术病例,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数及术后切口愈合情况。结果 12例后腹腔镜手术有11例顺利完成,1例转为开放手术。两组的平均手术时间无明显差异（后腹腔镜组平均134 min,开放手术组平均120 min,P〉0.05）,但后腹腔镜组的术中平均出血量、术后住院天数明显小于开放手术组,切口愈合情况较开放手术组更好（出血量后腹腔镜组平均110 mL,开放手术组平均130 mL,P〈0.05;术后住院天数后腹腔镜组平均8 d,开放手术组平均10.8 d,P〈0.05）。结论后腹腔镜结核肾切除术适应证与开放性结核肾切除术类似,同时具有出血少、术后住院时间短、切口愈合更好的优点,值得广泛应用。     

腹腔镜与开放手术行根治性肾切除术的效果比较(附33例报告)

目的　评价腹腔镜根治性肾切除术的临床价值。　方法　回顾分析腹腔镜根治性肾切除 14例 (A组 )及开放性根治性肾切除 19例 (B组 )的临床资料 ,就两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复情况、术后下床活动时间、恢复正常工作时间、手术治疗费用、住院总费用、术后住院总天数、并发症等指标进行比较。　结果　A组在手术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复情况、术后下床活动时间、术后住院总天数、恢复正常工作时间、并发症方面明显优于B组 ,差别有极显著性意义 (P均 <0 .0 1) ;B组在手术操作时间、手术治疗费用、住院总费用优于A组 ,差别有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　腹腔镜根治性肾切除术具有术中创伤小 ,术后恢复快 ,疼痛小的优点 ,对于T1～T2bN0 M0 期肾肿瘤 ,效果优于开放手术     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾肿瘤的临床价值

目的:对比分析后腹腔镜肾部分切除术(RLPN)与开放肾部分切除术(OPN)治疗局限肾肿瘤的临床疗效。方法:43例肾肿瘤患者随机分为两组:其中19例行RLPN,24例行OPN。观察手术时间、术中肾热缺血时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间。结果:RLPN组患者的手术时间及术中肾缺血时间均明显较OPN组长,而术中出血量则明显少于OPN组,且胃肠恢复时间及住院时间均明显较OPN组少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗局限肾肿瘤疗效确切,出血量及并发症少,微创优势明显,是替代开放手术治疗局限肾肿瘤的有效方法。     

LigaSure血管闭合系统在腹腔镜肾切除手术中的应用

目的 探讨LigaSure血管闭合系统在腹腔镜肾切除术中的应用价值. 方法 2004年5月至2006年12月应用LigaSure完成41例腹腔镜下单纯肾切除术、腹腔镜根治性肾切除术及腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术.观察手术时间、术中出血量、是否中转开放、术后引流时间、术后引流量、术后住院时间以及并发症等情况. 结果 41例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术及严重并发症.手术时间35～240 min,平均146 min;术中出血量30～450 ml,平均163 ml;术后引流1～6 d,平均3 d;术后总引流量45～435 ml,平均229 ml;术后住院时间6～21 d,平均10 d. 结论 腹腔镜下手术中LigaSure能安全高效地闭合血管及组织束,显著减少手术时间和术中出血,缩短术后住院天数,是一种有效的血管控制系统,在腹腔镜下肾切除术中具有良好的应用前景.     

后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的临床效果比较

目的：通过与开放性肾部分切除术（OPN）的临床效果比较,评价后腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析后腹腔镜肾部分切除术（38例,LPN手术组）和同期施行开放性肾部分切除术（46例,OPN手术组）的临床资料,就两组患者一般资料、手术时间、患肾热缺血时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后止痛药用量、术后住院天数、术后血清肌酐升高幅度及术后并发症等指标进行比较。根据数据类型选用x2检验、两样本t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验,以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果：两组患者的一般资料差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,具有可比性。LPN手术组在术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后止痛药用量、术后住院天数方面及术后并发症发生率均优于DPN手术组（P〈0．05）,但前者的患肾热缺血时间明显长于后者（P〈0．05）。LPN手术组和OPN手术组的手术时间及术后血清肌酐升高幅度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组患者送检标本的手术切缘均为阴性,随访18个月均无一例复发。结论：后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤疗效肯定,与传统的开放性肾部分切除术相比,具有创伤小、恢复快、疗效与开放性手术相当等优点,是目前治疗肾肿瘤较理想的手术方法,值得进一步推广。     

手助后腹腔镜与标准后腹腔镜无功能积水肾切除术的比较

目的比较手助后腹腔镜与标准后腹腔镜切除无功能积水肾的效果与安全性。方法回顾分析手助后腹腔镜无功能积水肾切除36例（A组）及标准后腹腔镜无功能积水肾切除53例（B组）的临床资料,就两组手术时间、估计出血量、术后下床活动时间、术后住院天数、住院总天数、恢复工作时间、手术治疗费、总住院费以及并发症发生率等指标进行比较。结果A组在手术时间、术中出血量、手术治疗费、总住院费及淋巴漏发生率方面优于B组。而在术后下床活动时间、术后住院天数、恢复工作时间方面,两组没有明显差异。结论手助后腹腔镜切除无功能积水。肾保留了标准后腹腔镜创伤小,痛苦少,恢复快的优点,并能缩短手术时间,减少术中出血和术后并发症,降低花费,值得推广。     

腹腔镜肾切除病人围手术期护理

对 2 3例采用腹腔镜手术的肾肿瘤病人进行针对性的护理 ,并与 19例开放性手术病人进行比较 ,观察两组术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、拔除引流管时间、术后输液天数、术后住院天数、住院总天数。结果腹腔镜手术组各项指标均优于开放性手术组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。应用腹腔镜行肾切除手术 ,病人创伤小、恢复快 ,有效减少了护理工作量。     

后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术与开放手术治疗局限性肾癌的疗效比较

目的比较后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术与开放手术治疗局限性肾癌的临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院2006年1月～2009年1月行后腹腔镜根治性。肾切除术（后腹腔镜组）42例与开放根治性肾切除术（开放手术组）45例的临床资料,比较两种手术方法在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道恢复时间、术后住院时间、并发症等方面的差异。结果两组手术均获成功。后腹腔镜组的术中出血量、术后肠道恢复时间、术后住院时间等均明显少于开放手术组（P〈0．05）,而手术时间两组差异无统计学意义。两组均无严重并发症发生,开放手术组2例输血。术后随访3～26个月,平均9个月,后腹腔镜组1例发生肝转移死亡,开放手术组2例出现远处转移而死亡。结论与开放手术相比,后腹腔镜根治性肾切除术具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,是治疗T1～2 N0M0局限性肾癌患者的一种安全、有效的方法。     

后腹腔镜手术与开放手术治疗重复肾上位无功能肾的疗效对比

目的比较后腹腔镜与开放手术行上位肾切除治疗成人重复肾上位无功能肾的疗效并总结相关手术经验。方法回顾性分析17例行重复肾上位无功能肾切除术患者的临床资料,其中后腹腔镜手术组(A组)9例,开放手术组(B组)8例,比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、肠道功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、住院时间以及相关并发症的发生情况。对比两种不同手术方式的临床疗效。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,痊愈出院。其中A、B组术中平均出血量(57.0±16.3)ml vs.(54.5±14.2)ml,手术时间(148.0±26.4)min vs.(135.0±23.3)min,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),肠道功能恢复时间为(8.7±1.8)h vs.(18.2±2.5)h,术后下床活动时间为(24.2±3.5)h vs.(39.1±4.9)h,术后住院时间为(5.2±2.1)d vs.(10.9±2.9)d,两组比较有显著差异(P<0.05),A组明显优于B组。A组术后发生乳糜漏1例,B组术后发生尿漏1例,均住院期间经保守治疗后治愈。出院后随访6～18月,无明显发热、腰酸及其它相关并发症,复查B超未见肾周积液。结论后腹腔镜下重复肾上位无功能肾切除术与开放手术相比临床疗效相当,但具有术后恢复快,住院时间短的优点,是重复肾上位无功能肾患者的一种理想的治疗方式。     

后腹腔镜手术切除结核性无功能肾与开放手术的临床比较

目的：探讨后腹腔镜手术切除结核性无功能肾的安全性与疗效。方法：将36例结核性无功能肾患者,按手术方式分为后腹腔镜组和开放手术组,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、并发症等方面的差异。结果：后腹腔镜组手术中转开放手术2例,开放手术组手术均获成功;后腹腔镜组肠功能恢复时间平均2．10天。显著少于开放手术组2．79天（P〈0．05）;镇痛剂使用平均0．71次,显著少于开放手术组1．87次（P〈0．05）。结论：后腹腔镜手术切除结核性无功能肾创伤小,恢复快,有学习曲线,安全可行。     

腹膜后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除术与开放手术的比较

目的:比较腹膜后腹腔镜结核肾切除术与开放手术的治疗效果。方法:回顾分析49例结核肾患者的临床资料,腹膜后腹腔镜组23例,开放组26例,比较术中、术后各项指标。结果:49例均顺利完成手术,腹膜后腹腔镜组平均手术时间长于开放组(P0.05),术中出血少于开放组(P0.05),术后留置引流管时间、住院时间显著缩短(P0.05)。结论:与开放手术相比,腹膜后腹腔镜切除无功能结核肾患者创伤小,康复快,是治疗结核性无功能肾安全、有效的术式之一。     

单纯性腹腔镜肾切除术治疗良性无功能肾22例报告

目的:总结单纯性腹腔镜肾切除术治疗良性无功能肾的临床应用经验。方法:回顾分析2003年9月至2009年11月施行单纯性腹腔镜肾切除术治疗22例良性无功能肾患者的临床资料。先天性肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄12例,输尿管结石6例,慢性肾盂肾炎2例,肾结核2例。结果:22例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间65~180min,平均90min,术中出血25~150ml,平均55ml。住院4~12d,平均5d。无严重并发症发生及输血病例。1例经腹膜后途径患者术后拔除引流管后局部形成腹膜后血肿,再次在B超引导下置管引流。结论:单纯性腹腔镜肾切除术治疗良性无功能肾安全、微创,耐心细致的手术操作和对不同疾病采取个性化的治疗方案是手术成功的关键。     

Comparison of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy with open surgery for tuberculous nonfunctioning kidneys

PURPOSE: We describe, define and evaluate the role of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for tuberculous nonfunctioning kidneys, and compare the results with those of open nephrectomy in similar cases in a nonrandomized study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Beginning in July 1994, 9 patients underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for tuberculous nonfunctioning kidneys at our center. Data obtained from the records of these patients were compared with those of 9 who underwent open nephrectomy for a similar indication during the same period. Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy was initially performed by kidney dissection followed by ligation of the hilar vessels. The technique was subsequently modified and the vessels controlled before dissecting the kidney. Various parameters were compared and statistical analysis was done. RESULTS: The 2 groups were similar in regard to patient age, gender and side of disease. Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy was successful in 7 of the 9 patients. Although 2 of our initial patients required conversion to open surgery, the remaining 7 successfully underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy after modifying the technique. Mean operative time was slightly greater in the retroperitoneoscopy than in the open surgery group (103.3 versus 92.2 minutes). Mean blood loss was less in the retroperitoneoscopy group (101.4 versus 123.3 ml.), mean hospital stay plus or minus standard deviation was significantly shorter (3.2 +/- 0.83 versus 8.88 +/- 3.37 days) and mean time to return to work was significantly less (3 versus 7 weeks). Mean analgesic requirement for opioids and diclofenac sodium was also lower in the retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy group (0 versus 1.44 +/- 0.72 and 3.8 +/- 1.3 versus 4.3 +/- 1.2 doses, respectively). Minor complications developed in only 2 retroperitoneoscopy cases. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis has been considered a contraindication to retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy due to a high conversion rate. However, we believe that our modified technique of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy is a viable option for managing tuberculous nonfunctioning kidneys. The conversion rate is lower than previously reported. Comparing our results with those of open nephrectomy shows that retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy is beneficial in all respects except for slightly longer operative time. Because of the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, this approach should be considered in such cases.     

Outcome and complications of laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with previous renal surgery

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical difficulties, limitations, outcome, and complications of laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with previous ipsilateral renal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with a history of epsilateral renal surgery underwent laparoscopic simple nephrectomy for benign renal disease at our center between November 2001 and March 2005. All patients were informed about the details of the laparoscopic procedure, and an informed consent was obtained that included the possibility of an emergency laparotomy. All procedures performed were carried out through a transperitoneal approach. A separate table with a laparotomy set was available in the room and ready for open conversion. RESULTS: The procedure was completed in 13 patients. Excluding the cases converted to open surgery, the operative time ranged from 120 to 210 minutes, with a mean of 170 +/- 32.9. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 30 to 400 cc, with a mean blood loss of 100. Complications included minor visceral injury (liver) in 1 patient, minor bleeding in 2, major bleeding (open conversion) in 1, technical failure (open conversion) in 4, postoperative bleeding (reexploration) in 1, and postoperative renal bed collection in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is an alternative to the open nephrectomy for the removal of nonfunctioning kidneys in benign diseases and results in less morbidity and a shorter hospital stay. A higher conversion to open and complication rate should be expected in patients with previous open or endoscopic renal surgery and postinflammatory conditions.     

后腹腔镜单纯肾切除术治疗良性无功能肾的疗效分析

目的:探讨后腹腔镜单纯肾切除术治疗良性无功能肾的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2009年8月至2013年2月为20例良性无功能肾患者行后腹腔镜单纯肾切除术的临床资料。其中肾盂输尿管结合部狭窄4例,肾盂结石2例,输尿管结石10例,肾结核4例。肾动静脉均用Hem-o-lok夹闭后切断。结果:20例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术及严重并发症发生,术中均未输血。镜下操作时间平均(74.10±19.98)min,术中出血量平均(35.85±40.18)ml,术后平均住院(5.55±0.94)d。结论:后腹腔镜单纯肾切除术治疗良性无功能肾安全、有效,具有患者创伤小、康复快的优点,值得推荐使用。     

Comparison of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy versus open approaches to nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys: a report of 44 cases

PURPOSE: We retrospectively investigated the advantages of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys by comparing its clinical results, operative methods and skills with those of open nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data on 22 patients with nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys who underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, including simple and subcapsular nephrectomy, were compared with those on 22 who underwent open nephrectomy for a similar indication during the same period. Results in the 2 groups were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the retroperitoneoscopy and open surgery groups with regard to patient age, sex or mean operative time +/- SD (93.0 +/- 12.6 vs 92.6 +/- 35.5 minutes). Mean blood loss was significantly less in the retroperitoneoscopy group than in the open surgery group (78.3 +/- 60.6 vs 160 +/- 120.0 ml). Mean hospital stay after operation was notably shorter in the retroperitoneoscopy group compared with the open surgery group (3.3 +/- 0.9 vs 9.1 +/- 0.8 days). The mean analgesic requirement for opioids and diclofenac sodium was also lower in the retroperitoneoscopy group than in the open surgery group (0 vs 2.1 +/- 0.9 and 5.2 +/- 1.1 vs 5.8 +/- 1.3 doses, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis has several advantages over open nephrectomy, namely a smaller wound, less blood loss and more rapid recovery. It may provide a safe and reliable method for treating refractory renal tuberculosis clinically.     

Outcome of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for benign nonfunctioning kidney: a single-center experience

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the feasibility and outcome of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for benign nonfunctioning kidneys and compare it with open simple nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1998 to December 2006, 505 retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomies were performed. In the same time period, 112 open nephrectomies were also performed. In the retroperitoneoscopic group, the mean age was 39 years (range 15-74 years); 204 (40.4%) were men and 301 (59.6%) were women. Forty in this group had a history of surgery. Thirty-six patients had a pyonephrotic kidney; 33 of these patients had undergone percutaneous nephrostomy preoperatively. The cause of the nonfunctioning kidney was ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 198 patients, calculus disease in 193 patients, genitourinary tuberculosis in 48 patients, renal dysplasia in 19 patients, anomalous kidney in 20 patients, and renovascular hypertension in 16 patients. In 11 patients, there were other causes for the nonfunctioning kidney. RESULTS: Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy was performed in 476 (94.2%) patients. Conversion to open nephrectomy was necessary in 25 patients. The mean operative time was 85 minutes (range 45-240 min) in the retroperitoneoscopic group and 70 minutes (range 35-120 min) in the open group. The mean blood loss was 110 mL (range 30-600 mL) in the retroperitoneoscopic group and 170 mL (range 70-500 mL) in the open group. Four (0.8%) patients in the retroperitoneoscopic group needed a blood transfusion, whereas 5 (4.5%) patients in the open group had a blood transfusion. The hospital stay in the retroperitoneoscopic group was 3 days (range 1-7 d) and was 5 days (range 3-12 d) in the open group. CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, although technically challenging, is becoming a gold standard for patients with nonfunctioning kidneys caused by benign conditions.     

后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除术

目的:比较后腹腔镜结核肾切除术与开放手术的方法和疗效.方法:对7例无功能性结核肾行后腹腔镜结核肾切除术,同期11例行开放肾切除术,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症及手术疗效.结果:2组患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间分别为122 min(60～270 min)和96 rain(60～150 min),平均术中出血量分别为81 m1(20～400 m1)和255 ml(50～1 000 ml),平均术后住院天数分别为7天和9天,术中术后无明显并发症.结论:后腹腔镜结核肾切除术是一种安全、有效的微创治疗方法.后腹腔镜肾切除为肾结核的手术治疗提供了一条新的途径.     

后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除术23例报告

目的:探讨后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2012年7月至2016年3月为23例结核性无功能肾患者行后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床资料,其中男9例,女14例,平均(39±3)岁;患者均为无功能肾,右侧11例,左侧12例。经过2周抗结核治疗后患者均行后腹腔镜肾切除术。结果:23例患者均成功完成肾切除术,无一例中转开放手术。手术时间73～196 min,平均(125±12)min;术中失血量79～420 ml,平均(198±17)ml;术后住院5～10 d,平均(7.5±0.7)d。术中均未发生脓肾破裂、腹膜损伤,其中1例术后发生输尿管残端积脓感染,二期行输尿管切除术。随访1～36个月,平均(17.0±1.3)个月,肾功能正常。结论:后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除术具有良好的安全性、可行性,值得在具备条件的医院推广应用。但因腹膜外空间较小,且结核肾周围粘连较重,对术者技术水平要求较高,需熟练掌握解剖,严格把握手术适应证,术中仔细辨认组织层次。     

后腹腔镜肾切除的临床研究

目的通过与开放性肾切除比较,评估后腹腔镜肾切除的临床应用价值。方法从2003年2月至2006年10月,我科行后腹腔镜肾切除26例,其中巨大肾积水12例,肾性高血压8例（5例先天性肾发育不良、3例外伤性肾萎缩）,肾盂肿瘤6例。同期开放手术36例,其中巨大肾积水22例,肾性高血压7例,肾盂肿瘤7例。记录腹腔镜组及开放组的手术时间、术中失血量、术后恢复时间、住院时间及术后应用止痛剂次数。结果腹腔镜手术组除1例因出血改为开放外,其余均顺利完成肾切除,开放手术亦均顺利完成。与开放手术相比,后腹腔镜肾切除除手术时间长外,术中出血量、术后应用止痛剂次数、术后恢复时间和住院时间均显著优于开放手术组。结论巨大肾积水致肾功丧失及肾性高血压需肾切除者应首选腹腔镜肾切除,特别是后腹腔镜手术,其可避免腹腔内并发症。对于小的肾盂肿瘤,应首先考虑腹腔镜肾切除,其可避免腰部切口,减少相应并发症。与开放手术相比,后腹腔镜肾切除具有创伤小、恢复快、出血少等优点,具有一定的临床应用价值。