某电缆厂裸线生产线噪声作业工人听力防护效果评价

噪声是电缆生产过程中的主要职业病危害因素之一。为减少噪声对裸线生产线作业工人听力损失,某电缆厂自2006年起对裸线生产工序噪声接触工人采取了一系列的个人听力防护措施。我们于2005年和2009年分别对该厂裸线生产噪声作业工人个人听力防护措施前后进行了噪声暴露情况调杏。     

特制硅橡胶耳塞对接触噪声作业人员防护效果评价

目的评价特制硅橡胶耳塞对接触噪声作业人员的防护效果。方法选择纺织企业接触噪声工人840人,追踪观察其佩戴特制硅橡胶耳塞4年中听力的变化及不适反应的发生情况。结果纺织企业工作场所声级水平在85dB(A)及以上占78.5%,均为中高频噪声,作业人员接触噪声值约为98.6 dB(A)。特制耳塞在中、高频噪声的衰减值为12～28 dB,且佩戴舒适性较好;佩戴后不适症状耳鸣、头晕、头痛的发生率均明显减少,与佩戴前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。跟踪调查4年,各频率听阈无明显变化,听力损失的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论正确佩戴特制硅橡胶耳塞,对预防纺织企业工人听力损失有一定效果。     

工人的防护意识在预防噪声危害中的作用

在企业难以采取控制噪声的根本措施时,通过提高工人自我保护意识,使其用好护耳器可降低噪声所致听力损伤检出率。     

广州市部分企业噪声作业工人听力损失现况分析

目的对广州市部分企业噪声作业工人听力损失现况进行分析,以达到保护工人听力的目的。方法以部分企业长期接触噪声的440名工人为研究对象,测量等效A声级(LAeq)。按等能量原则将LAeq和噪声作业工龄合并计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE);用logistic回归模型分析听力损失的相关因素。结果作业环境噪声强度超标率为41.20%,噪声强度均值为(89.30±4.57)dB(A)。440例噪声作业工人听力损失检出率为23.86%,听力损失与耳塞防护、工龄、年龄和CNE存在正相关关系(P0.05)。非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、工龄可能是听力损失的危险因素(偏回归系数为正值,OR值1)。结论在有佩戴耳塞防护的情况下,CNE作为听力损失的评价指标不敏感,佩戴耳塞仍是目前最好的防护措施。     

噪声作业工人听力损伤与防护措施调查

为了解我厂接触噪声工人的听力损伤情况及近2年来所采取防护措施效果，现将有关资料总结报道如下。     

火力发电厂噪声作业工人听力调查

目的了解火力发电厂噪声作业工人的听力情况。方法对某火力发电厂进行现场职业卫生学监测,以453名噪声作业工人为观察组,68名行政人员为对照组,比较两组的听力情况,并对不同车间噪声作业工人的听力进行比较分析。结果观察组听力损失发生率为37.75%,明显高于对照组(13.23%)(P<0.05),听力损失集中在I￣III级;锅炉车间的作业工人听力损失较磨煤、电机车间严重。结论火力发电厂噪声对听力危害严重,应加强工人的个人防护。噪声与高温对听力有协同作用。     

机械噪声作业工人听力水平分析

对6家机械与汽车制造企业噪声作业场所进行调查、检测,对4 908名噪声作业工人进行纯音听阈测试。结果显示,作业场所噪声声级62.8～115.7 dB(A)、平均89.6dB(A);作业工人双耳纯音听阈P50分布与对照组差异有统计学意义;双耳各频率纯音听阈分布不同,随着噪声声级增大、工龄增加,听力损失呈增大趋势。提示机械噪声对作业工人听力影响较大,可能导致职业禁忌证和噪声聋。采用纯音听阈测试水平评价更有利于预防。     

噪声防护耳塞对石油钻井工人听力的防护效果

目的 探讨长期使用噪声防护耳塞对石油钻井工人听力损失发生率的影响.方法 回顾性地收集华北油旧1997年以前在钻井队工作1年以上的钻井工人的健康监护资料、现场噪声监测资料和使用噪声防护耳塞的观察资料.随访到2007年止,以坚持使用防护耳塞3年以上(每年累积3个月以上)的钻井工1550名为使用组,以不使用或使用少于3年(每年累积不足3个月)的钻井工1000名为未使用组.结果 经校正年龄因素后,不使用噪声防护耳塞者发生听力损失的危险性是使用者的61.23倍.随着使用耳塞年限的增加,作业工人听力损失发生率降低.使用组中不规范使用噪声防护耳塞的钻井工人发生听力损失的危险性是规范使用者的6.59倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 长期规范使用噪声防护耳塞能明显降低作业工人听力损失的发生率,对作业工人的听力有明显的防护效果.     

某汽车制造厂噪声作业工人听力防护认知情况调查

目的了解某汽车制造厂听力防护培训情况和接触噪声工人听力防护认知情况,为制定企业听力防护对策提供依据。方法采取随机抽样方法选择某汽车制造厂接噪工人进行问卷调查。结果接噪工人听力防护知识培训率为51．2％,培训内容主要涉及噪声危害（74．2％）;接噪工人听力防护知识总体认知率较高,但对听力防护用品的优缺点（54．7％）、防噪声能力大小（50．8％）等认知率较低。不同文化程度和工龄在某些听力防护认知方面存在显著差异;接受过听力防护知识培训后,工人在了解噪声危害、听力的重要性、听力检查的重要性、防护用品正确使用及其优缺点和防噪能力及在意自己的听力等方面的认知率明显增高。结论通过听力防护培训可提高接噪工人听力防护知识水平;企业应扩大接噪工人听力防护培训覆盖率,对工龄长、文化程度低的员工培训要有针对性,培训内容要全面并突出重点。     

某市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析

收集2022年巴彦淖尔市辖区内职业健康检查机构上报的噪声作业工人职业健康检查个案结果进行统计分析,了解工人健康状况,为噪声作业人员的职业病防治提供基础依据。结果显示,9 036名噪声作业工人,听力损失检出率为6.4%,血压异常率为18.2%,心电图异常率为12.5%,听力损失检出率男性高于女性(χ²=36.952,P<0.05)。此外,听力损失在不同企业、地区、行业有差异。提示,应继续加强用人单位主体责任,落实职业病危害防护措施,提高噪声作业人员防护意识。     

噪声作业对工人心电图检查结果影响研究

目的探讨接触噪声对工人心电图的影响.方法用心电图诊断仪,检查作业工人在静息状态下心电图九导联,发现异常病变及有特殊需要时加作V2、V4、V6导联.结果观察组心电图异常检出率与对照组比较差异有显著性,异常主要引起窦性心动过缓,其检出率与对照组比较差异有显著性.结论噪声可对心血管系统造成损害,引起血压升高、心电图改变等.应尽快制订相关的法律法规,保护广大产业工人的身体健康.     

噪声作业人员听力防护认知与职业紧张关系研究

目的 探讨噪声作业人员听力防护认知与职业紧张状况的关系.方法 选择新疆地区重点行业的3家不同类型企业的499名噪声作业人员为研究对象,调查其听力防护认知和职业紧张状况.结果 职业紧张程度高85人(17.0％),应付能力差108人(21.6％),工作不满意感5人(1.0％).＞40岁组人群应付能力差率低于≤40岁组(P＜...     

Arterial hypertension in workers exposed to occupational noise

A study was carried out in three groups of workers of comparable anthropometric characteristics who were exposed to various levels of noise at the workplace. Among the workers from the textile industry (a jute weaving mill) who worked in exposure to the noise intensity of 90-102 dB the prevalence of arterial hypertension was much higher than in those who were exposed to the noise levels within permissible limits.     

某油田钻井工人噪声接触与个人防护状况调查

目的通过对钻井作业工人防护用品管理和使用情况的调查,为劳动保护措施的实施提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对钻井作业环境进行现场调查和噪声监测,并对钻井作业工人进行问卷调查。结果钻井作业工人护耳器(耳塞和耳罩)佩戴率为82.7%;护耳器佩戴率与噪声接触强度有关(P0.01),随噪声强度的增加,护耳器佩戴率有增加的趋势(Z=138.681,P0.01);而与工龄和自觉听力的变化无关(均P0.05);结论钻井作业工人主动防护意识不足,企业应加强教育培训与监督管理,使防护用品得到正确使用。     

Hearing health of workers exposed to noise and insecticides

OBJECTIVE: To examine the peripheral auditory disorders in a group of workers exposed to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, used in vector control campaigns. METHODS: The prevalence study examined a population of 98 individuals who sprayed insecticides in campaigns for the prevention of Dengue, Chagas disease and Yellow fever. The sampling approach was finalistic, and included the workers in a health district of Pernambuco, during the year 2000. A questionnaire was used to collect data on occupational and non-occupational risks, safety measures utilized, family history of auditory problems and health symptoms. Previous noise exposure history was also investigated, since noise can be a confounding factor for hearing loss. Hearing sensitivity and middle ear function were assessed by pure tone audiometry. RESULTS: Among those exposed to insecticides, 63.8% demonstrated a hearing loss. For the group of workers exposed to both noise and insecticides, hearing loss was observed in 66.7% of the cases. The median exposure time necessary to detect high-frequency losses was 3.4 years for workers exposed to both agents and 7.3 years for workers exposed to insecticides only. Hearing thresholds were poorest among workers exposed to both agents. Auditory damage for those with combined exposures to the two factors was more severe than the hearing losses observed among those exposed only to insecticides. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that exposure to insecticides was associated with peripheral sensorioneural hearing loss and that noise exposure can potentiate the ototoxic effects of insecticides. It is necessary to evaluate this possible association through epidemiological studies.     

Hearing loss in workers exposed to toluene and noise

In this study we investigated the risk of hearing loss among workers exposed to both toluene and noise. We recruited 58 workers at an adhesive materials manufacturing plant who were exposured to both toluene and noise [78.6-87.1 A-weighted decibels; dB(A)], 58 workers exposed to noise only [83.5-90.1 dB(A)], and 58 administrative clerks [67.9-72.6 dB(A)] at the same company. We interviewed participants to obtain sociodemographic and employment information and performed physical examinations, including pure-tone audiometry tests between 0.5 and 6 kHz. A contracted laboratory certified by the Council of Labor in Taiwan conducted on-site toluene and noise exposure measurements. The prevalence of hearing loss of >or=25 dB in the toluene plus noise group (86.2%) was much greater than that in the noise-only group (44.8%) and the administrative clerks (5.0%) (p<0.001). The prevalence rates were 67.2, 32.8, and 8.3% (p<0.001), respectively, when 0.5 kHz was excluded from the estimation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the toluene plus noise group had an estimated risk for hearing loss>or=25 dB, 10.9 times higher than that of the noise-only group. The risk ratio dropped to 5.8 when 0.5 kHz was excluded from the risk estimation. Hearing impairment was greater for the pure-tone frequency of 1 kHz than for that of 2 kHz. However, the mean hearing threshold was the poorest for 6 kHz, and the least effect was observed for 2 kHz. Our results suggest that toluene exacerbates hearing loss in a noisy environment, with the main impact on the lower frequencies.     

Arterial hypertension among oil-drilling workers exposed to noise]

A cross-sectional study with a retrospective component was conducted to evaluate occupational noise exposure as a potential risk factor for arterial hypertension among 775 workers from an oil-drilling industry. Hypertension was defined as >/= 140/90mmHg. Occupational noise exposure was measured as: (1) exposure to sound pressure levels >/= 85dbA for 10 years or more and (2) moderate-to-severe noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The effects of age, education, shift work, and obesity were evaluated by stratification and logistic regression analysis. A positive association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension was found, using both the level/duration of noise exposure (RP = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4) and NIHL (RP = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) as exposure indicators. Considering the study limits, long-term occupational noise exposure thus appears to be a risk factor for arterial hypertension.