后叶腱索转移治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂

目的总结采用后叶腱索转移术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的临床经验和体会,探讨二尖瓣成形术的黄金时机。方法2004年10月至2008年10月治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂16例,超声心动图检查诊断：二尖瓣前叶脱垂、腱索断裂10例,腱索延长4例,断裂合并延长2例;A1区域脱垂3例,A2区域脱垂6例,A3区域脱垂3例,合并A1、A2区域脱垂2例,A2、A3区域脱垂2例;均采用后叶腱索转移技术,其中1例合并冠心病患者同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果无手术死亡。出院前超声心动图检查提示：有少量反流2例,微量反流6例,无反流8例。出院后华法林抗凝治疗3个月。随访16例（100％）,随访1～46个月（22．0±3．5个月）,超声心动图提示：有少量反流3例,微量反流7例,无反流6例,效果优良。心功能Ⅰ级12例,Ⅱ级4例。出院前射血分数（EF）较术前降低（53．0％±3．4％vs．65．0％±4．2％,P=0．013）,术后随访时EF与术前比较差异无统计学意义（61．0％±2．1％vs．65．0％±4．2％,P=0．110）;出院前和随访时左心室舒张期末内径较术前明显缩小（50．0±3．2mm,47．0±2．8mmvs．58．0±6．5mm,P=0．031,0．020）;随访时心功能较术前明显改善（P=0．002）。结论后叶腱索转移是治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的有效方法,心瓣膜成形术的最佳时期是术前EF值大于60％、左心室轻度增大、心功能在Ⅲ级以上。     

先天性二尖瓣关闭不全的解剖特点和外科矫正

总结先天性二尖瓣关闭不全１０３例，单纯关闭不全１８例，合并其它先天性心血管病者８５例。４０例为腱索病变，６３例为瓣叶病变，大部分合并不同程度的瓣环扩大。行腱索成形１８例次，瓣叶成形４８例次，瓣环成形３４例次；行二尖瓣替换１７例。成形者中４９例完全矫正，３３例基本矫正，４例成形失败。作者认为，采用腱索、瓣叶和瓣环综合成形的方法，大部分先天性二尖瓣关闭不全均可矫正，部分无法成形者可选择完全保留瓣叶和瓣下结构，行瓣中瓣二尖瓣置入术。     

保留后瓣及瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术临床分析

目的总结保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术(MVR)的经验,评价其临床效果。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学北京安贞医院2006年1月至2011年3月行MVR患者1 035例的临床资料,其中男562例,女473例;年龄37～78(53.84±13.13)岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病712例,退行性瓣膜病323例;二尖瓣狭窄为主389例,二尖瓣关闭不全为主646例;均排除冠状动脉疾病。不保留后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR(不保留组)457例,保留后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR(保留组)578例,两组患者术前情况差异无统计学意义。分析比较两组患者手术后并发症、死亡率,以及左心室大小与功能。结果不保留组与保留组患者的死亡率(2.63%vs.1.21%,P=0.091)及并发症发生率(8.53%vs.7.44%,P=0.519)差异无统计学意义,但不保留组左心室破裂发生率高于保留组(1.09%vs.0.00%,P=0.012);术后6个月心脏超声心动图提示左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)较术前缩小,但两组差异无统计学意义;两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)均较术前提高,保留组中二尖瓣关闭不全为主患者的LVEF优于不保留组(56.00%±3.47%vs.53.00%±3.13%,P=0.000),两组二尖瓣狭窄为主的患者中LVEF差异无统计学意义(57.00%±5.58%vs.56.00%±4.79%,P=0.066)。结论保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR安全有效,可以减少术后左心室破裂的发生并改善术后心功能。     

Congenital Anomalous Chordae Tendinae of the Mitral Valve: An Unusual Presentation of Mitral Insufficiency in Children

Abstract : Anomalous chordae tendinae (CT) originating from mitral valve leaflet is a rare congenital mitral valve anomaly. Our case report is unique as this anomaly is extremely rare in this pediatric age group. The anomalous CT extended from anterior mitral leaflet to the atrial septum (AS). Surgical repair in the form of anomalous CT excision, anterior leaflet chordoplasty, and posterior mitral annuloplasty was successfully performed. Congenital mitral valve (MV) leaflet or chordae anomalies are rare. In anomalous CT from MV leaflet to the AS, the surgical experience is extremely limited and only reported in adults and adolescents. 1 - 4 We describe an unusual presentation of severe mitral insufficiency (MR) associated with anomalous CT from the anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL) to the AS that prompted successful repair during childhood. (J Card Surg 2010;25:584‐585)     

Congenital Internal Hernia a Rare Cause of Acute Intestinal Obstruction

Internal hernia may either be congenital or acquired. Acquired internal hernias are usually complications of previous abdominal surgery. Congenital internal hernia is a rare entity and it being a cause of small bowel obstruction is still rare. We report a case of congenital internal hernia presenting as acute intestinal obstruction and its surgical management.