中学生与父母性知识沟通状况及影响因素分析

目的了解上海市青少年与父母沟通性相关问题的状况及影响因素，为进一步发挥父母在青少年生殖健康教育中的作用提供科学信息。方法对上海市徐汇区3067名中学生采用自填式问卷进行匿名调查。结果分别约60％和30％的青少年难以与父亲和母亲讨论性相关话题，约70％的青少年从未问过父亲性相关问题或父亲从未主动谈过性的话题。约45％的青少年报告从未问过母亲性相关问题或母亲从未主动谈过性的话题。在亲子沟通的具体内容上，以青春期发育和异性交往为主。与初中生相比。高中生与父母的沟通更困难。母亲与子女的沟通多于父亲。同性别亲子间的沟通较多。父母文化程度越高，与青少年关系越融洽，家庭氛围越好，亲子进行沟通的可能性越高。结论青少年与父母对性相关问题的沟通较少。应加强对青少年和父母的教育，注重提高父母的沟通能力和性教育意识。     

父母与未婚子女交流与性相关问题的困难及影响因素分析

目的：了解并分析父母与未婚子女的交流沟通状况、交流与性相关问题的困难以及影响因素。方法：分层、多级和整群抽样以及结构式问卷调查。结果：有效调查2 871人,为家中至少有1个15～24岁未婚子女的父亲和母亲。亲子交流的话题主要是子女的学习、工作,少有涉及与性相关问题。亲子交流与性相关问题的困难主要为亲子双方都感到不好意思进行交谈（约50%）,其次是父母不知道如何与子女交谈与性相关的问题（约26%）、以及父母认为自己缺乏相关知识（约13%）。父母的人口学特征如性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、以及亲子关系等对亲子沟通、亲子与性相关问题的沟通均有不同的影响。结论：应重视家庭性教育、尤其应采取积极对策帮助提高父母与未婚子女进行与性相关问题交流沟通的意识与技巧。     

亲子间交流性相关问题的研究

父母是子女的第一任性教育老师。针对父母与青少年子女交流性相关问题的研究可追溯到20世纪70年代,近年更成为青少年性与生殖健康研究的新焦点。从该研究的状况、影响因素及亲子间交流性问题对青少年性相关态度和行为的影响等方面对有关亲子间交流的研究做文献综述,为中国开展该领域的研究提供科学的信息。     

湖北省青少年心理卫生问题及其影响因素的研究

目的 :了解湖北省青少年心理健康水平及其影响因素。方法 :采用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )、家庭环境质量量表、父母教养方式问卷对 1 4 98名青少年进行调查。结果 :1湖北省青少年心理卫生问题发生率较高 ,达到1 8.1 3% ,在各类心理卫生问题中 ,以强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执和抑郁较多见 ;2湖北省青少年心理健康水平、家庭环境质量明显低于全国水平 ;3单因素和多因素分析均表明 ,学生心理卫生状况除与年龄、性别、父母文化、父母对子女的期望、人际关系以及学校风气等有关外 ,与父母教育方式、家庭环境质量有密切的关系。结论 :湖北省青少年心理健康状况不容乐观 ,家庭环境质量、父母教育方式是影响其心理健康成长的主要因素     

亲子性问题沟通对青少年性行为和态度影响因素的研究进展

家庭是儿童、青少年社会化的第一课堂,是青少年获取信息和社会文明的重要的、强有力的来源,对青少年的心理发展起重要作用。父母在塑造孩子对性相关问题的态度中扮演了极其重要的角色,强烈地影响着青少年的性相关问题的决定和行为。许多研究表明,青少年感到较难与父母沟通,并且与父母在一些问题上缺少沟通,对问题的看法存在明显分歧,尤其是在性相关问题上。因此,是否有必要促进亲子沟通,亲子沟通性相关问题对青少年性相关态度和行为产生什么影响,以及如何促进亲子沟通,哪些因素影响了亲子沟通已成为青少年性与生殖健康研究的新焦点。近10年,…     

青少年自杀行为的家庭危险因素探讨

青少年自杀行为家庭危险因素主要有五种，即：家庭缺乏交流、替罪羊现象、亲子依恋关系障碍、父母婚姻失调及父母心理变态，已有文献中，关于这些危险因素的研究结果比较混杂。其主要原因是，大多数研究都未能明确所考察的危险因素是否先于自杀症状。     

武汉市某中学初中生行为问题的病例对照研究

目的 探讨家庭成员亲密度及亲子交流对初中生行为健康的影响,为改善初中生的心理行为健康状况提供依据. 方法 分析所调查的397份合格的Achenbach儿童行为量表(家长用),分别抽取55名筛查为阳性的学生和75名筛查为阴性的学生作为病例组及对照组进行家访.结果 本次调查的初中生行为问题的检出率为22.42%,父母关系一般或不好、亲子关系一般或不良、父母经常打骂子女、亲子交流很少、亲子交流每日少于15 min及亲子交流每周低于2 h可能是初中生行为问题的危险因素(P <0.05).结论 青少年迫切需要行为指导和心理行为干预,家庭成员亲密度一般或过低及过少的亲子交流是初中生行为问题的重要危险因素.     

衡阳市129名初二学生亲子冲突的实证研究

目的 探讨初二学生亲子冲突的影响因素及其解决策略,为学生建立良好的亲子关系提供客观资料.方法 采用初中生亲子冲突事件问卷(PCCS)(第3版),对衡阳市2所普通中学的129名初二学生进行调查.结果 亲子冲突各项内容发生频率之间都存在显著差异,父母教养方式和亲子谈心频率是亲子冲突的重要家庭影响因素.亲子冲突解决策略主要包括同避、屈从、妥协、退缩和第三方介入5种,其中妥协是最好的亲子冲突解决策略.结论 父母教养方式、亲子谈心频率是亲子冲突重要家庭影响因素.     

上海核心家庭亲子沟通状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解上海市核心家庭中的亲子沟通状况，并探讨亲子沟通的影响因素，为有针对性地开展亲子沟通的教育干预提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样的方法，对上海市徐汇区2个街道57个居委会644户核心家庭(一对夫妻和一个孩子，孩子≥10周岁)进行问卷调查，并用SAS 8．2进行统计分析。结果亲子沟通时间以4～7h／周居多，近一半的父母在与孩子沟通时“畅所欲言”，近3／4的父母与孩子的沟通以餐桌交流为主，大多数父母在与孩子沟通时感到宽松；母亲与子女沟通状况优于父亲。影响母子沟通的因素包括母亲文化程度、母亲月收入、孩子年龄、沟通时间以及沟通时机；影响父子沟通的因素包括沟通时间和沟通时机。结论亲子沟通状况不容乐观，特别是父亲与子女之间的沟通较少。亲子沟通的主动性和科学性较差，沟通方式较为单一。应大力加强对亲子沟通特别是父子沟通的宣传教育，转变父母的教育观念，促进父母与子女之间经常性的沟通，并注重加强对父母进行有针对性沟通技能的培训。从而有效地改善亲子沟通状况。促进家庭教育的顺利开展。     

上海市家庭性教育状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解我国目前家庭性教育的状况及存在的主要问题，为进一步发挥父母在青少年生殖健康促进中的作用提供建议。方法 通过对2675名15～24岁青(少)年的自填式问卷调查及20名对象家长的深入访谈，分析上海市城市家庭的性教育开展情况及其影响因素。结果 只有21．97％的男性和44．35％的女性曾经接受过家庭性知识教育，教育的主要内容是青春期生理卫生。17．36％的男性和34．85％的女性接受过家庭的异性交往指导。与女性相比，男性不易获得家庭性教育。母亲在家庭性教育中的作用大于父亲。父母的化程度越高、对子女管教越严及子女觉得幸福的家庭易对子女实施性教育。结论 目前城市家庭的性教育状况不尽人意。这与父母的能力和观念密切相关。因此。应加强对父母的指导和教育，提高其教育责任意识和教育能力，应特别加强对男性青少年的性教育。     

Adolescent-Parent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health issues in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Adolescent-parent sexual communication is an effective strategy to make healthy decisions, delay and protect from risky behavior. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize and estimate the level of adolescent- parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Ethiopia.MethodsCross-sectional studies were systematically searched using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and gray literature. Information was extracted using a standardized form of JBI. Data were analyzed using the ‘meta’ packages of the Stata software (version 11.0). I-squared statistic was applied to check the heterogeneity of studies. Funnel plot and Egger''s test were used to check for publication bias. P-value <0.05 on the Egger test was considered indicative of statistically significant publication bias.ResultsA total of 359 articles were identified, of which 19 were eligible for meta-analysis. Adolescent-parent communications on SRH issues were significantly reported within the range of 25.3% to 36.9% and more preferred to discuss with their friends. The overall pooled level of adolescent parent communication was 40.70 (95%CI: 34.26–47.15). Adolescents who lived in urban areas, having good knowledge of SRH issues, adolescents who agreed on the importance of discussion and adolescents who ever had sexual intercourse were more likely to discuss SRH issues with their parents.ConclusionThe overall pooled level of adolescent-parent communication was 40.70%, and also adolescent-parent communications were dominantly reported with the ranges of 25.3% to 36.9%. Being urban dweller, being knowledgeable, and being agreed on the importance of discussion were significantly associated with adolescent-parent communication. Cultural taboo, shame and lack of communication skills were reasons that hindered communication between parents and adolescents. Therefore, program implementers should work to increase adolescent-parent communication.     

四川省农村地区家长幼儿性相关问题的应对方式及影响因素分析

  目的  了解四川省农村地区幼儿家长对幼儿性相关问题的应对方式及其影响因素,为进一步加强农村幼儿家庭性教育提供依据。  方法  采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取四川省53所乡镇幼儿园的2 801名幼儿家长作为研究对象,以面对面访问或自填的方式对家长进行幼儿性教育相关问题的问卷调查。  结果  家长中有过幼儿询问性相关问题的占41.63%,家长应对方式正确率为57.46%。二分类非条件Logistic回归分析结果发现,家庭居住地为乡镇(OR=1.46,95%CI=1.12~1.90)、母亲文化程度为高中及以上(OR=1.77,95%CI=1.38~2.28)、幼儿为非留守儿童(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.03~1.69)、认为应由父母负责幼儿性教育(OR=1.66,95%CI=1.05~2.63)和开展过家庭性教育(OR=1.60,95%CI=1.25~2.05)的家长有更高的幼儿性相关问题应对方式正确率(P值均＜0.05)。  结论  四川农村地区家长对幼儿性相关问题应对方式的正确率不高。应提高农村地区家长对幼儿性教育知识及重要性的认识,改善幼儿性相关问题的应对方式,以促进幼儿身心健康地成长。     

Communication about sexual issues: mothers, fathers, and friends.

PURPOSE: To identify the content, characteristics, and comfort level of discussions about sexuality held between mothers and their early adolescent children and to determine the extent to which the conversations predicted sexual values and initiation of sexual intercourse of the adolescent. METHODS: This was part of a larger study to evaluate the impact of personal family characteristics on human immunodeficiency virus risk-reduction behavior among low-income predominately African-American adolescents, ages 13-15 years. Adolescents attending a metropolitan community-based afterschool program and their mothers were invited to participate in a 1-hour interview. Mothers and adolescents were interviewed separately. The interview included questions about the type of information related to sexuality that adolescents discussed with mothers, fathers, and friends; in addition, mothers were asked what topics they discussed with their adolescents. Four hundred five adolescents and 382 mothers participated. Some mothers had more than one adolescent in the study. RESULTS: The results showed that both male and female adolescents were more likely to discuss sexual topics with their mothers than their fathers. Male adolescents were more likely than female adolescents to discuss sex-based topics with their fathers. Both male and female adolescents were less likely to discuss sex-based topics with their friends than with their mothers, but more likely to discuss these topics with their friends than their fathers. Content of conversations of male adolescents was fairly consistent among mothers, fathers, and friends, and sexually transmitted disease/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and condom use were popular topics of discussion. Female adolescents tended to talk about the menstrual cycle with their mothers, sexual abstinence with their fathers, and sexual intercourse with their friends. Adolescents who reported a greater number of topics discussed with their mothers were more likely not to have initiated sexual intercourse and to have conservative values, whereas adolescents who reported a greater number of topics discussed with their friends were more likely to report the initiation of intercourse and more "liberal" sexual values. Both male and female adolescents were most comfortable discussing sexual issues with their friends. Male adolescents were less comfortable talking to mothers, but more comfortable talking to their fathers than were females. Mothers were likely to report feeling very comfortable talking about almost all discussion areas. Fathers' comfort level was not measured, as they were not directly questioned. CONCLUSION: Early adolescence (13-15 years old) is characterized by more sex-based discussions with mothers than friends or fathers. Daughters and sons discuss different topics with their fathers, although discussion by both genders with fathers is limited. If an adolescent talks more with the mother about sexual issues than with friends, he/she is less likely to initiate sexual intercourse and more likely to have conservative values. This points to the importance of fostering good communication and comfort between parents and adolescents about sexual issues.     

西安市某城乡结合部青少年健康相关行为及影响因素分析

目的 了解西安市某城乡结合部青少年健康相关行为现况及影响因素,为开展该地区青少年健康教育工作提供依据。 方法 2019年9-10月采用随机整群抽样的方法调查748名青少年,对其锻炼、饮食、上网、吸烟、饮酒、伤害(自杀意念)和性相关行为进行问卷调查,通过二分类Logistic回归分析可能的影响因素。 结果 该地区青少年缺乏锻炼、偏食、吸烟、饮酒、上网过量、自杀意念和性相关行为的报告率分别为52.1%、40.7%、14.3%、30.8%、22.0%、14.6%、19.3%。Logistic回归分析危险因素结果显示,缺乏锻炼包括女性、高中生、体重、父母要求宽松、孤独感;偏食包括每月生活费偏多、学习压力偏重;吸烟包括男性、年龄、学习成绩稍差、孤独感;饮酒包括男性、年龄、每月生活费偏多、孤独感;上网过量包括男性、初中生、父母要求宽松、学习成绩偏差;自杀意念包括城镇、独生子女、父母关系一般或较差、学习压力偏重、孤独感;性相关行为包括男性、高中生、父母要求宽度、孤独感。 结论 西安市城乡结合部青少年部分健康相关行为的报告率仍较高,尤其是偏食行为较高,其中,男生易发生上网过量、吸烟、饮酒和性相关行为,孤独和学习压力是多个健康相关行为的危险因素。应多加强对青少年的情感引导和男生的健康行为引导。     

Communicating about sex: adolescents and parents in Kenya

To guide the development of adolescent reproductive health programs in Kenya, a national IEC survey was conducted with 1476 adolescents 15-19 years of age and 2894 of their parents. The survey was conducted in 1994 by the Johns Hopkins University Population Communication Services, in collaboration with the Kenyan National Council for Population Development and the Central Bureau of Statistics. Both parents and children were most likely to report having discussed school, future careers, and alcohol/drug use during the year preceding the survey; topics least likely to be discussed included boy-girl relationships, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), sexual relations, abortion, contraception, and puberty. Mothers were more likely to discuss reproductive health issues with their children than fathers. Both male and female adolescents indicated they would be most comfortable discussing sexual matters with their same-sex siblings, friends, and health care workers. Over 75% of children and adults were supportive of school-based family life education programs. In many cases, parents lacked correct information about reproductive health issues. Interventions designed to facilitate parent-child communication include a weekly call-in radio program, a comic book that encourages teens to talk to their parents, and a booklet for parents suggesting ways of initiating discussions on sexual issues.     

Using the Health Belief Model to Explain Parents' Participation in Adolescents' At-Home Sexuality Education Activities

ABSTRACT: The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to study parents' involvement in six at-home sexuality education activities for ninth grade students. These activities are part of Skills for Healthy Relationships: A Program About Sexuality, AIDS, and Other STD (SHR). Some 216 parents, 62% of the population, completed and returned a self-administered questionnaire. Perceived barriers correlated most strongly with lack of parents' involvement in SHR. Additionally, perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy were the most significant factors differentiating parents involved in SHR at-home activities from those who were uninvolved. Compared with highly involved parents, noninvolved parents were: 1) less confident their children wanted to do the activities with them (F[4,204] = 19.58, p < .0005), 2) less sure of their children's desire to talk with them about sex-related issues (F[4,213] = 7.03. p < .0005), and 3) less certain their AIDS-related facts were current (F[4,213] = 2.39, p = .05). Parents highly involved in SHR reported becoming more comfortable talking with their adolescents about STDs (F[4,205] = 4.04, p = .004) and felt their children talked a little more openly with them about AIDS and STDs (F[4,205] = 2.54, p = .04). In contrast, uninvolved parents reported no changes relative to communicating with their children about sexuality. For these reasons, SHR's inclusion of at-home activities shows promise for increasing parent-adolescent communication about sexuality. (J Sch Health. 1995;65(4):124–128)     

Family characteristics and smoking among urban and rural adolescents living in China

BACKGROUND: Adolescent smoking is a public health concern in China. Although the family is an important social influence in China, few associations among family characteristics and adolescent smoking have been examined using Chinese samples. METHODS: Survey data on psychosocial variables and smoking were collected from a sample of 3629 7th grade adolescents (46% female; 54% male; mean age 12.7 years) in Wuhan, China. For adolescents, past 30-day smoking, family relationships, parents' negative sanctioning of smoking, parents' agreement with smoking, and parents' smoking behaviors are assessed. To account for the clustered data structure, hierarchical logistic regression analyses controlling for demographics (urbanization, age) examined the independent and multivariate effects of family characteristics for each gender. RESULTS: Girls are less likely than boys to report smoking and are more likely to report positive family relationships, and having parents with negative attitudes toward them smoking. Positive family relationships and age were strongly associated with smoking for both genders. No significant differences exist by gender. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the quality of family relationships are important for adolescent female and male smoking in China.