AGT基因M235T多态性与大理白族原发性高血压相关性研究

目的:探讨AGT基因M235T多态性与大理白族原发性高血压(EH)人群的相关性.方法:根据入选标准收集大理白族EH患者141例(EH组),正常血压者134例(正常对照组).采用基因突变聚合酶链反应(MS-PCR)法扩增2组人群AGT基因M235T多态的各基因型(TT、MT和MM基因型),基因测序予以验证,然后对2组的基因型和等位基因频率分布进行统计学分析.结果:EH组与正常对照组比较,TT、MT、MM基因型频率和T、M等位基因频率之间差异均无统计学意义.EH组男性的TT、MT基因型频率和T等位基因频率分布与正常对照组男性比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:AGT基因M235T多态性可能与大理白族人群EH的发病无密切关联.     

连锁分析血管紧张素转换酶基因插入/缺失多态性和血管紧张素原 M235T基因多态性与肥厚型心肌病的关系

目的 连锁分析中国人群血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因插入／缺失多态性及血管紧张素原（AGT）M235T基因多态性与肥厚型心肌病（HCM）发病的关系。方法 对63例HCM患分别用PCR法检测ACE基因插入／缺失和AGT M235T基因多态性。结果 HCM患中ACE DD＋AGT TT基因型的比数比高于单基因型,其心脏事件发生率高于其他基因型组合和AGT TT型。结论 同时具有ACE DD＋AGT TT基因型,较单基因型发生HCM的风险率显增高;同时具有ACE DD＋AGT TT基因型的HCM患发生心脏事件的危险更大。     

肾素-血管紧张素系统双基因多态性与老年人冠心病慢性心力衰竭的关系

目的:探讨中国南方部分汉族人群的老年冠心病患者中,肾素-血管紧张素系统中的关键成分即血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)及血管紧张素原(AGT)双基因多态性与慢性心力衰竭(心衰)发病的关系.方法:应用聚合酶链反应及限制性片断长度多态性技术,对396例老年冠心病患者的ACE基因插入/缺失(I/D)及AGT基因M235T多态性进行检测.将其中196例合并慢性心衰患者作为病例组,其余200例心功能正常者作为对照组.结果:①病例组DD基因型频率及D等位基因频率均高于对照组;②病例组TT基因型频率及T等位基因频率均高于对照组;③联合分析ACE与AGT基因多态性显示,两组中同时具有DD型ACE基因及TT型AGT基因的频率分别为28.6%及15.0%,前者明显高于后者.结论:DD型ACE基因及TT型AGT基因可能是中国南方部分汉族老年冠心病慢性心衰患者发病的遗传危险因素,ACE和AGT基因在慢性心衰的发生中具有协同作用.     

血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性与胃癌的相关性

目的 探讨血管紧张素原(AGT)基因M235T多态性与中国人群胃癌易感性的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测168例胃癌组和211例健康对照组AGT基因M235T多态性.结果 胃癌组与对照组AGT基因M235T基因型和等位基因分布差异不显著(P＞0.05).根据临床病理特征进行分层分析,发现低分化胃癌患者中TT基因型频率明显高于高中分化胃癌患者(P=0.021)；AGT M235T多态性与胃癌临床分期及转移状态之间无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 ACT M235T多态性与中国人群胃癌分化程度等临床病理特征密切相关.     

ACE及AGT基因多态性与糖尿病肾病发病风险的关系

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因和血管紧张素原(AGT)基因多态性与糖尿病肾病(DN)发病风险之间的关联。方法根据筛选标准选择DN患者100例编入DN(+)组,选择2型糖尿病(T2DM)无合并DN患者100例编入DN(-)组,同时选择健康者200例编入对照组。采用PCR技术选择性扩增及电泳检测ACE及AGT M235T基因。结果 ACE基因检测中,DN(+)与DN(-)在基因型及等位基因分布频率上无统计学差异(P0.05),而DM组与对照组基因型及等位基因分布频率具有明显差异(P0.01);AGT M235T基因检测中,DN(+)与DN(-)在AGT基因型及等位基因分布频率上无显著差异(P0.05),DM组与对照组基因型及等位基因分布频率无显著差异(P0.05);联合多态性分析结果显示,DD+TT基因型对于DN(+)OR值为4.042(95%CI 1.717~9.515),DD+TT对于DN(-)OR值为3.171(95%CI 1.306~7.698)。结论 DN受多基因遗传因素影响,单个基因变异对DN发病影响程度有限。而ACE-DD基因型与AGT-TT基因型可能存在协同作用,促使DN发病风险上升。     

昆明汉族人群肾素-血管紧张素系统基因多态性与糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

(ACE)基因多态性与糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系. 方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测T2DM不伴DN患者74例(T2DM组)、DN患者120例(DN组)及60名健康体检者(对照组)的ACE I/D及AGT M235T基因型. 结果 (1)DN组ACE-DD基因型频率和D等位基因频率(分别为53%、71%)均高于T2DM组(分别为22%、46.6%)及对照组(分别为29%、45.5%)(P均＜0.01).(2)AGT M235T基因型频率和等位基因频率三组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)同时携带ACE-DD及AGT-TT基因型者发生DN的OR值为6.183. 结论 (1)ACE-DD基因型和D等位基因可能是昆明地区汉族人群DN的易感因素.(2)未发现AGT M235T多态性单一因素与DN的发生有关联.(3)ACE-DD基因型与AGT-TT基因型可能在DN发生中有协同作用.     

血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性和房颤传统危险因素的交互作用

目的 分析血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性和房颤传统危险因素的联系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应及限制性片段长度多态性技术检测250例房颤患者和200例健康体检者的M235T多态性；Logistic回归分析研究房颤的独立危险因素；叉生分析表法研究AGT基因M235T多态性与房颤传统风险因素的交互作用.结果 Logistic回归分析显示AGT基因M235T多态性TT基因型携带者增加了患房颤的危险(OR=2.02,95％ CI=1.14 ～2.56).叉生分析表结果显示M235T多态性TT型携带者与患脑梗死或高血压存在正交互作用.结论 针对中国汉族人群,M235T多态性和房颤传统危险因素(脑梗死、高血压)能协同增加房颤的风险.     

血管紧张素原基因M235T和T174M多态性与新疆哈萨克族高血压左室肥厚的关系

目的:探讨新疆哈萨克族原发性高血压(EH)人群中血管紧张素原(AGT)基因M235T和T174M多态性的分布及其与EH伴左室肥厚(LVH)的关系。方法:对86例心电图诊断的EH伴LVH患者(LVH组)与95例不伴LVH患者(NLVH组)进行病例-对照研究,即记录标准12导联以传统的电压诊断标准与Romhilt计分系统积分作为诊断LVH的指标。采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)与限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术检测AGT基因M235T变异及T174M变异。结果:①M235T基因型有2种形式,T174M基因型有3种形式;2组AGT基因型的分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;②AGT基因M235T和T174M基因型及等位基因在LVH组与NLVH组的分布均差异无统计学意义(均P>0·05);③按性别分层,M235T基因型和等位基因频率在2组男女之间均差异无统计学意义(均P>0·05);T174M基因型和等位基因频率在LVH组男女之间亦均差异无统计学意义(均P>0·05),而在NLVH组男女之间差异有统计学意义(均P<0·05);④AGT基因M235T,T174M位点不同组合基因型在2组人群的构成不存在显著性差异(P>0·05)。结论:AGT基因M235T及T174M多态性与新疆哈萨克族EH伴LVH的发生无相关性。AGT基因M235T及T174M多态性可能不是新疆哈萨克族EH伴LVH的遗传危险因素。     

不同性别高血压病患者肾素-血管紧张素系统多基因多态性关联研究

目的探讨不同性别高血压病患者与肾素-血管紧张素系统,包括血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体(AT1R)基因、血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)和血管紧张素原(AGT)多基因多态性的相关性。方法应用多聚酶链式反应-限制性酶切法(PCR-RFLP)检测95例高血压病患者和98例健康对照者的AT1R基因1166位点、ACE基因I/D以及AGT基因M235T基因型,比较不同性别两组间基因型和等位基因型的分布频率。结果男性高血压组AT1R基因、AC/CC基因型和ACE基因DD基因型频率高于对照组,1166C和D等位基因频率明显高于对照组;AGT基因TT基因型及T等位基因频率较对照组为高,但差异无统计学意义;在女性,ACE基因D等位基因频率较其对照组为高(P0.05),余各基因型和等位基因频率在病例组与对照组之间均未见差异。结论肾素-血管紧张素系统多个基因位点变异与男性高血压病发病有关,只有较少基因位点多态性参与女性发病。     

基因芯片技术分析老年冠心病患者的易感基因

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）、血管紧张素原（AGT）及内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）基因多态性与老年人冠心病（CHD）的关系.方法 选择老年CHD患者100例及对照者91例,应用基因芯片技术检测ACE、AGT和eNOS基因多态性,并比较其基因型及等位基因频率。结果 CHD组ACE DD基因型频率（28.0%）与对照组（15.4%）比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,ACE基因多态性与老年CHD相关.AGT TT基因型频率（75.0%）与对照组（51.7%）比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,AGT基因多态性与老年CHD相关.eNOS TT基因型频率（5.0%）与对照组（0.0%）比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。同时携带ACE DD和AGT TT基因型或AGT TT和eNOS TT基因型者与老年CHD呈显著正相关（OR=2.9,P＜0.05,OR=1.1,P＜0.05）。结论 ACE和AGT基因多态性可能是中国老年人CHD的危险因素。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.