自制美学涂层弓丝表面形貌的研究

目的：对自制美学涂层弓丝表面粗糙度进行测试,并与传统不锈钢弓丝进行比较,在扫描电镜下观察弓丝的表面形貌。方法：分别测定经4种托槽（带金属槽沟的陶瓷托槽,普通托槽,陶瓷托槽,树脂托槽）摩擦过的及未经摩擦的0.018英寸的美学涂层不锈钢圆丝和0.018英寸的不锈钢圆丝的表面粗糙度,并在扫描电镜下观察弓丝的形貌特征。结果：未经摩擦过的涂层与未涂层弓丝间的表面粗糙度比较,无统计学意义;经托槽摩擦过的涂层与未涂层弓丝间的表面粗糙度比较,有统计学意义,且与不同托槽摩擦后弓丝表面粗糙度值不同,其中,与陶瓷托槽摩擦后的弓丝表面粗糙度和与带金属槽沟的陶瓷托槽,普通托槽及未摩擦的弓丝表面粗糙度存在统计学差异。结论：美学涂层弓丝符合口腔正畸临床使用要求。     

纳米陶瓷涂层托槽的表征及力学性能研究

目的：对自行开发研制的纳米TiO2陶瓷涂层直丝弓托槽的表面性能及力学性能进行初步测试,并与国产普通金属直丝弓托槽进行比较。方法：使用划痕实验法测试纳米陶瓷涂层材料与基体材料的结合强度;选取纳米TiO2陶瓷涂层直丝弓托槽与国产普通金属直丝弓托槽各3付,测试比较托槽槽沟表面光洁度、托槽-弓丝摩擦力。结果：纳米TiO2陶瓷薄膜涂层与托槽基底具有很强的结合能力。纳米陶瓷涂层直丝弓托槽与国产普通金属直丝弓托槽相比,具有良好的表面光沽度,且托槽。弓丝摩擦力明显减小。结论：纳米陶瓷涂层直丝弓托槽具有良好的表面性能及力学性能,可以满足口腔正畸临床的需要。     

纳米TiO2陶瓷涂层托槽耐磨性研究

目的：对自行研制的纳米TiO2陶瓷涂层直丝托槽耐磨性进行测试,并与国产普通金属直丝托槽进行比较。方法：选取纳米TiO2陶瓷涂层直丝托槽与国产普通金属直丝托槽各5付,测试比较弓丝拉伸前后托槽表面光洁度、托槽-弓丝摩擦力,评估托槽耐磨性。结果：纳米TiO2陶瓷涂层直丝托槽较国产普通金属直丝托槽耐磨性好,弓丝拉伸前后托槽表面光洁度、托槽-弓丝摩擦力无明显改变。结论：纳米TiO2陶瓷涂层直丝托槽具有良好耐磨性,可以满足口腔正畸临床需要。     

国产陶瓷托槽与金属弓丝间滑动摩擦力的研究

目的检测体外条件下国产多晶体氧化铝陶瓷托槽与金属弓丝在不同夹角时的滑动摩擦力,为其改良提供参考信息。方法利用摩擦力测量装置检测弓丝与槽沟的夹角分别为0°和5°时,国产陶瓷托槽分别与0.016、0.016×0.022、0.019×0.025英寸不锈钢丝和镍钛丝间的滑动摩擦力,每组样本量为10。对照组为临床常用多晶体氧化铝陶瓷托槽(Crystaline IV)。结果国产陶瓷托槽的摩擦力显著高于Crystaline IV,且除0°夹角、0.016英寸不锈钢圆丝和镍钛圆丝及0.016×0.022英寸不锈钢方丝外,其余情况下两种陶瓷托槽间摩擦力的差异有显著性(P0.01)。镍钛丝产生的摩擦力高于不锈钢丝,弓丝尺寸增加,摩擦力增加,弓丝与槽沟夹角为5°产生的摩擦力高于0°。结论国产陶瓷托槽的摩擦力性能不能满足临床使用的要求,需要进一步改良。     

陶瓷托槽与金属弓丝第二序列成角状态下摩擦性能的研究

目的研究陶瓷托槽与金属弓丝在第二序列成角状态下的摩擦力,探讨影响托槽弓丝间摩擦力的因素。方法进行托槽外观形貌的测量与观察,计算托槽与弓丝第二序列成角下的临界角,并设计带可调节罗盘的载物台,用MTS Tytron250微力试验机体外测试三种陶瓷托槽（A、B、C）和一种金属托槽（D）与0.016英寸不锈钢圆丝（SS）在第二序列成角分别为0度、2度、5度、8度时的最大静摩擦力和滑动摩擦力。结果与0.016英寸SS的摩擦力总体表现出B托槽〉C托槽〉A托槽〉D托槽的趋势,在四种成角状态下的最大静摩擦力随角度加大而增大,总体表现为0度到2度的摩擦力增加没有显著性,增大夹角后摩擦力增加量不同托槽间有差异：A托槽与弓丝在2度到5度成角状态下的摩擦力增加没有显著性,而5度到8度的摩擦力有显著增加;B托槽在2度到5度摩擦力有显著增加,而5度到8度摩擦力增加不显著;虽然2度到5度摩擦力增大没有显著性,但8度与0度状态下相比,C托槽与弓丝间的摩擦力有显著增加;D托槽在2度、5度、8度时摩擦力间差异无显著性。结论选用带金属槽沟的陶瓷托槽,增加陶瓷托槽边缘的圆钝程度等能减缓牙齿移动中托槽-弓丝成角引起的滑动阻力增加;使用传统陶瓷托槽要注意充分排齐。     

不同结扎方式对舌侧托槽静摩擦力的影响

目的：探讨在不同结扎方式下,舌侧托槽在牙弓后段所产生静摩擦力的差异。方法：测试2种舌侧托槽系统（STb、e·Brace）与4种弓丝（0．016英寸镍钼合金丝、0．016英寸不锈钢圆丝、0．016×0．022英寸镍钼合金丝、、0．016×0．022英寸不锈钢方丝）组合在3种结扎方式下的静摩擦力。结果：不同结扎状态下,舌侧托槽－弓丝间的静摩擦力有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：舌侧托槽－弓丝组合的静摩擦力随结扎力的增大而增大。     

不同自锁托槽摩擦力的实验研究

目的：探讨干燥条件下,被动自锁托槽系统与主动自锁托槽系统分别和不同弓丝组合时,在后牙段所产生的摩擦力差异.方法：在干燥条件下,分别测试2种被动自锁托槽系统（Damon 3,3M Smart clip）、2种主动自锁托槽系统（Tomy,Time 2）与3种弓丝（0.019×0.025英寸NiTi方丝、0.019×0.025英寸SS方丝、0.014英寸NiTi圆丝）组合在后牙段的动、静摩擦力.结果：0.019×0.025英寸NiTi方丝组中,被动自锁托槽与主动自锁托槽的摩擦力比较均有显著性差异,大小依次为Tomy＞Time2＞3M SmartClip＞Damon3自锁托槽的摩擦力;0.019×0.025英寸方丝组中,Tomy自锁托槽的摩擦力最大,然后依次为Time 2、3M SmartClip与Damon3自锁托槽（被动自锁托槽的摩擦力无显著性差异）;0.014英寸NiTi圆丝组中,4种自锁托槽的摩擦力无明显差异p＞0.05）.同一自锁托槽系统时,0.019×0.025英寸NiTi方丝的摩擦力最大,其次为0.019×0.025英寸SS方丝、0.014英寸NiTi圆丝.结论：在0.019×0.025英寸SS弓丝-自锁托槽组合中,被动自锁托槽系统产生的摩擦力＜主动自锁托槽系统（p＜0.05）：在0.014英寸SS弓丝-自锁托槽组合中,被动自锁托槽系统产生的摩擦力与主动自锁托槽系统的无明显差异（p＞0.05）.     

两种不同弹力结扎对滑动摩擦力大小影响的体外实验研究

目的通过体外实验研究MBT金属托槽应用两种不同的弹力结扎时滑动摩擦力的大小。方法选择3M公司的上颌第二双尖牙MBTmini金属托槽和0．46×0．64mm（0．018×0．025英寸）不锈钢弓丝,分别采用意大利Leone公司生产的Slide^TM结扎圈和美国TP公司生产的传统弹力圈结扎,应用自行设计开发的摩擦力测试仪,弓丝沿托槽低速滑动,并在滑动中保持特定的托槽——弓丝成角,共计12个角度。测量每一种弓丝、不同角度下的滑动摩擦力大小。结果在被动状态下两种结扎方式的滑动摩擦力均基本保持不变,Slide^TM结扎的摩擦力非常小,几乎可以忽略不计;在主动状态下,摩擦力随角度增加而增大,slide^TM结扎产生的滑动摩擦力仍明显小于传统弹力结扎。结论应用LeoneSlide^TM结扎圈,可以显著减小矫治器的滑动摩擦力。     

彩色不锈钢托槽和弓丝的摩擦力实验

目的研究新型的彩色弓丝和托槽染色前后摩擦性状有无改变。方法将通过化学着色法得到的彩色不锈钢托槽、弓丝与常用的托槽、弓丝两两交叉分为四组(无色丝-无色槽、无色丝-有色槽、有色丝-无色槽、有色丝-有色槽)与5种尺寸(0.016、0.018、0.017×0.025、0.018×0.025、0.019×0.025英寸)弓丝结合,测试干燥状态下的静摩擦力。结果不论圆丝或方丝,各弓丝、托槽组合间摩擦力没有显著性差异。不锈钢圆丝的摩擦力小于方丝。结论化学着色对弓丝、托槽的摩擦力没有影响。     

单晶和多晶陶瓷托槽与金属弓丝摩擦力的对比研究

目的对单晶陶瓷托槽和多晶陶瓷托槽的摩擦力学性能进行初步测试,并与相同槽沟尺寸的金属托槽进行比较。方法使用万能材料力学实验机测试单晶陶瓷托槽、多晶陶瓷托槽及金属托槽与2种金属弓丝在弹力结扎圈结扎下的最大静摩擦力和平均动摩擦力。结果单晶及多晶陶瓷托槽与两种弓丝结合产生的摩擦力较金属托槽大,多晶陶瓷托槽的摩擦力较单晶陶瓷托槽的摩擦力大(P<0.05)。结论单晶陶瓷托槽与金属弓丝的摩擦力较多晶陶瓷托槽小,但较金属托槽大。     

Torque Expression in Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets: A Systematic Review

Objective:To evaluate the quantitative effects on torque expression of varying the slot size of stainless steel orthodontic brackets and the dimension of stainless steel wire, and to analyze the limitations of the experimental methods used.Materials and Methods:In vitro studies measuring torque expression in conventional and self-ligating stainless steel brackets with a torque-measuring device, with the use of straight stainless steel orthodontic wire without second-order mechanics and without loops, coils, or auxiliary wires, were sought through a systematic review process.Results:Eleven articles were selected. Direct comparison of different studies was limited by differences in the measuring devices used and in the parameters measured. On the basis of the selected studies, in a 0.018 inch stainless steel bracket slot, the engagement angle ranges from 31 degrees with a 0.016 × 0.016 inch stainless steel archwire to 4.6 degrees with a 0.018 × 0.025 inch stainless steel archwire. In a 0.022 inch stainless steel bracket slot, the engagement angle ranges from 18 degrees with a 0.018 × 0.025 inch stainless steel archwire to 6 degrees with a 0.021 × 0.025 inch stainless steel archwire. Active stainless steel self-ligating brackets demonstrate an engagement angle of approximately 7.5 degrees, whereas passive stainless steel self-ligating brackets show an engagement angle of approximately 14 degrees with 0.019 × 0.025 inch stainless steel wire in a 0.022 inch slot.Conclusions:The engagement angle depends on archwire dimension and edge shape, as well as on bracket slot dimension, and is variable and larger than published theoretical values. Clinically effective torque can be achieved in a 0.022 inch bracket slot with archwire torsion of 15 to 31 degrees for active self-ligating brackets and of 23 to 35 degrees for passive self-ligating brackets with a 0.019 × 0.025 inch stainless steel wire.     

弓丝与结扎方法对摩擦力影响的实验研究

目的:了解4种弓丝和2种结扎方法对托槽与弓丝摩擦力的影响。方法:在干燥条件下,按正交实验设计,使用LJ-500型拉力实验机的微型测力计,测试4种弓丝与6种直丝托槽组合及采用2种结扎法时在后牙段的动、静摩擦力。所得数据进行方差分析和二次响应回归分析。结果:在弓丝与所有托槽组合中,0.018英寸×0.025英寸(1in=2.54cm)的不锈钢方丝动、静摩擦力最小,0.019英寸×0.025英寸的不锈钢方丝动、静摩擦力最大,0.018与0.020英寸不锈钢圆丝介于两者之间,但0.018英寸圆丝的动摩擦力较大,0.020英寸圆丝的静摩擦力较大。动、静摩擦力平均百分比从小到大依次为:0.019英寸×0.025英寸方丝、0.020英寸圆丝、0.018英寸×0.025英寸方丝、0.018英寸的圆丝。弹力橡皮圈结扎的动、静摩擦力及动、静摩擦力平均百分比均大于不锈钢丝结扎。结论:0.018英寸的不锈钢圆丝不适宜滑动机制;在0.022英寸系统的直丝托槽中,用0.019英寸×0.025英寸不锈钢方丝关闭间隙,应尽可能加强支抗控制;干燥条件下弹力橡皮圈结扎不利于托槽、弓丝滑动。     

A comparative study of the static and kinetic frictional resistance of titanium molybdenum alloy archwires in stainless steel brackets

This ex vivo study compared the static and kinetic frictional resistance of eight different archwires tested in a single, stainless steel, zero base 0.022 x 0.028 inch (0.56 x 0.711 mm) slot standard edgewise bracket. The archwires evaluated were 0.019 x 0.025 inch (0.483 x 0.636 mm) in dimension, manufactured from the following alloys: beta titanium (TMA), 'low friction' coloured beta titanium (aqua, honeydew, purple and violet), ion-implanted beta titanium, Timolium and a stainless steel control. Prior to friction testing, bracket and archwire dimensions were measured by direct digital imaging via a desktop computer linked to a binocular light microscope. Frictional force was evaluated using an Instron universal testing machine. All experiments were carried out at room temperature, with no ligation, in the dry state with 20 degrees of added torque. The results demonstrated that static and kinetic friction were statistically significant (P < 0.001) for all archwire types. Ion-implanted and standard TMA archwires were found to have no significant advantage over stainless steel. The archwire alloys may be ranked as follows: stainless steel produced the lowest frictional resistance followed by honeydew, ion-implanted TMA and Timolium, with aqua, purple and violet producing frictional resistance values as high as standard TMA. It was also found that the percentage difference between the archwire and bracket slot dimensions claimed by the manufacturers and those measured in this experiment produced tolerances ranging from +5.37 to -6.67 per cent.     

The effects of reconditioning on the slot dimensions and static frictional resistance of stainless steel brackets

This study investigated the effects of reconditioning on the slot dimensions and the static frictional resistance of stainless steel brackets at 0, 5, and 10 degrees bracket/archwire angulation. A sample of 45 used, commercially reconditioned 0.018 x 0.030 inch stainless steel standard edgewise brackets was compared with a matched sample of 45 new brackets. The slot dimensions of 15 new and 15 reconditioned brackets were examined using a photomicroscope. With new brackets both the occluso-gingival slot width (mean = 0.0197 inch) and slot depth (mean = 0.0304 inch) exceeded the manufacturer's nominal dimensions of 0.018 x 0.030 inch. The reconditioning process resulted in a further increase in slot width (mean = 0.0205 inch), which was statistically significant (P = 0.028), and a reduction in slot depth (mean = 0.0291 inch), which was highly statistically significant (P = 0.002). This may be attributable to preferential metal removal by the electro-polishing phase of the reconditioning process. Friction testing of 30 new and 30 reconditioned brackets demonstrated that both showed an increase in binding effects as the bracket/archwire angulation was increased from 0 to 5-10 degrees. However, the changes in slot dimensions secondary to reconditioning did not result in a statistically significant difference in mean static frictional resistance when the two bracket types were compared. Although the brackets were altered physically by the reconditioning process, their performance during simulated sliding mechanics was not adversely affected. This implies that reconditioning may not result in clinically significant effects.     

国产直丝陶瓷托槽摩擦力性能的研究

目的研究国产直丝陶瓷托槽的摩擦力性能。方法利用MTS Tytron250微力试验机测定我院与清华大学联合研制开发的下颌尖牙位直丝陶瓷托槽与0．016英寸不锈钢圆丝、0．016×0．022英寸不锈钢方丝、0．016英寸镍钛丝在不锈钢丝结扎方式下的摩擦力,并以一种进口陶瓷托槽作为对照组。结果国产直丝陶瓷托槽的最大静摩擦力与对照组陶瓷托槽相比差异无显著统计学意义,平均动摩擦力比对照组陶瓷托槽显著降低。结论国产直丝陶瓷托槽的摩擦性能可以满足临床需要。     

不同陶瓷托槽与金属弓丝间摩擦力的研究

目的 研究不同类型陶瓷托槽与金属弓丝间的摩擦力,为临床应用及研制摩擦性能优良的陶瓷托槽提供参考.方法 选取正畸临床上常用的三种陶瓷托槽作为研究对象,一种金属托槽作为对照组.利用MTSTytron250微力实验机检测托槽与三种金属弓丝在不锈钢丝结扎下的最大静摩擦力和平均动摩擦力.结果 金属托槽与不锈钢圆丝间的最大静摩...