大鼠心瓣膜含神经肽Y血管活性肠肽P物质和降钙素基因相关…

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵增强技术，研究了１月、８月和１８月龄大鼠心瓣膜中ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＣＧＲＰ和ＳＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布。结果显示，以上４种含肽神经纤维在８月龄大鼠房室瓣上均有分布，密度顺序为ＮＰＹ〉ＣＧＲＰ〉ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ，含ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度相近。三尖瓣中含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度大于二尖瓣，含ＶＩＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的密度与二尖瓣的相近。瓣膜中     

交感神经化学切除后大鼠心窦房结区神经递质的变化

用６－羟多巴胺化学切除大鼠心内交感神经后，有免疫组织化学结合图像分析法和放免测定观察窦房结区神经肽Ｙ及降钙素基因相关肽的变化；同时应用组织化学方法结合图像分析、生物化学测量观察了ＳＡＮ区去甲肾上腺素及乙酰胆碱酯酶的变化，实验发现，静脉注射６－ＯＨＤＡ５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ一周后，ＳＡＮ区ＮＡ及ＮＰＹ含量明显减少，ＡＣＨＥ活性显著增加，ＣＧＲＰ含量增加不明显。     

大鼠心房室结区血管活性肠肽神经的分布和定量研究

用免疫组织化学方法结合图像分析和放射免疫测定研究了大鼠心房室结（ＡＶＮ）区血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）的分布和含量，发现房室结区不仅含有ＶＩＰ神经纤维而且含有ＶＩＰ神经细胞。结果提示ＡＶＮ的ＶＩＰ能神经可能在房室传导等心功能调节中起重要作用。     

大鼠习瓣膜含神经肽Y血管性肠肽P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的分布及年龄变化

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵增强技术，研究了１月、８月和１８月龄大鼠心瓣膜中ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＣＧＲＰ和ＳＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布。结果显示，以上４种含肽神经纤维在８月龄大鼠房室瓣上均有分布，密度顺序为ＮＰＹ＞ＣＧＲＰ＞ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ，含ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度相近。三尖瓣中含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度大于二尖瓣，含ＶＩＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的密度与二尖瓣的相近。瓣膜中的含肽神经纤维可从瓣膜附着处的心壁及乳头肌内的神经两个方向延伸而来。主动脉和肺动脉瓣内仅发现有ＮＰＹ神经。随大鼠年龄增长，房室瓣中含ＮＰＹ神经的密度有增加趋势。含ＣＧＲＰ、ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ神经在１月龄大鼠房室瓣上的密度为零，在８月和１８月储时的密度与１月龄时的差异非常显著，８月和１８月龄时的密度间无明显差异。１月龄和１８月龄大鼠的主动脉和肺动脉瓣上，未见到４种含肽神经。我们的结果为心瓣膜的神经支配提供了新的资料，但这些含肽神经在心瓣膜的作用尚待探讨。     

人胚胎期小肠六种肽能神经发生的研究

采用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法，对５３例不同胎龄的人胚胎小肠的亮氨酸脑啡肽（Ｌ－Ｅｎｋ）、Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）、神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）、血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）和甘丙素（ＧＡＬ）等６种肽能神经的发生发育过程进行观察，并与ＡＣｈ能神经和膀胱的肽能神经的发生做了对比研究。结果表明，人胚胎小肠神经中ＡＣｈ能神经发生早于肽能神经；同一个体不同器官肽能神经并非同时发生。本文观察到的小肠肽能神经的     

肾上腺内神经肽的分布及功能

本文根据近年来发表的关于肾上腺内神经肽免疫细胞化学、神经内分泌学、生理学等方面的研究材料，综述哺乳类动物肾上腺内神经肽的存在部位、超微结构、作用机理及生理功能。重点讨论血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（ＣＲＦ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）、神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）和脑啡肽（ＥＮＫ）等肽能神经在肾上腺中的分布特点及功能意义。     

豚鼠回肠Peyer＇s集结含神经肽Y、P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的分布

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合ＧＤＮ显色技术，在光镜水平观察了含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维在豚鼠回肠Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结的定位与分布。结果显示，邻近Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结的粘膜下层内有以上３种肽能神经纤维和神经元胞体分布，Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结不同区域含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的定位有明显差异。在上皮下圆顶区，３种肽能神经分支均形成纤细的神经网，并向滤泡相关上皮方向延伸；滤泡间区含ＮＰＹ神经多循微血管壁走行、仅少数分支定位于免疫细胞之间，而含ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经以非血管性纤维为主、常分布于此区的免疫活性细胞间；滤泡区内仅见少量含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经终末分布、未发现含ＣＧＲＰ神经分支。总体上，Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结内含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维数较ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应纤维为多。Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经支配的发现，为研究神经肽调节消化道粘膜免疫功能提供了形态学依据。本文对Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结内这些肽能神经的起源、性质及其在胃肠粘膜局部免疫反应中可能的调节机制进行了讨论。     

大鼠脑血管含神经肽Y,含降钙素基因相关肽,含P物质神经的年龄…

本文应用免疫组织化学（ＡＢＣ）方法，观察了含神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）、含降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）、含Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）神经在大鼠完整脑底动脉环分的年龄变化，结果表明在２周、２月、８月龄大鼠脑底动脉上含ＮＰＹ神经的密度依次降低；含ＣＧＲＰ和含ＳＰ神经的密度依次升高。至１８月龄，含ＮＰＹ神经的密度和８月龄时的接近，而含ＳＰ和含ＣＧＲＰ神经的密度比８月龄时明显降低。大鼠脑血管含肽神经支配的这种增龄变化表现出有     

自发性高血压大鼠心瓣膜上含神经肽Y和含降钙素基因相关肽神经的变化

用免疫组织化学（ＡＢＣ）方法，观察了含神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＤ）神经在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）心瓣膜分布的变化。结果表明，在ＳＨＲ二尖瓣、三尖瓣上含ＮＰＹ、含ＣＧＲＰ神经的密度，和对照Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－Ｋｙｏｔｏ（ＷＫＹ）大鼠相比较，无明显差异。但ＳＨＲ二尖瓣及三尖瓣含ＮＰＹ神经的Ｒ值，即心壁和乳头肌两个来源的含肽神经相延续所在的腱索数目与本片瓣膜上的总腱索数的比值，大于ＷＫＹ大鼠；而ＳＨＲ心瓣膜含ＣＧＲＰ神经的Ｒ值和ＷＫＹ大鼠无差异。本文对ＳＨＲ心瓣膜上含ＮＰＹ和含ＣＧＲＰ神经的变化作了讨论。     

冠心病患者血浆中6种神经肽水平的临床研究

为了解冠心病患者血浆中６种神经肽（６ＮＰ）,即神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）,降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）、Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）、脑啡肽（ＥＮＫ）、神经降压肽（ＮＴ）及血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）的含量,探讨其在冠心病发病中的临床意义,选择符合ＷＨＯ诊断标准的急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）２０例,心绞痛（ＡＰ）３０例,应用放射免疫法动态观察血浆６ＮＰ的含量变化,并以３０例正常人作对照。结果显示：ＡＭＩ组发病第１天６ＮＰ与对照组比     

交感神经损毁后大鼠心窦房结区神经递质与心电图变化的研究

为了探讨神经肽对心功能的调节，用６－羟多巴胺化学损毁大鼠以及交感神经纤维后，观察了动物心电图的变化，而后用免疫组织化学法结合图像分析，放射免疫测定观测了窦房结构神经肽Ｙ及降钙素基因相关肽的变化；同时应用组织化学法结合图像分析，生化测定观测了窦房结区去甲肾上腺素及乙酰胆碱酯酶的变化。     

成年大鼠脑底动脉环含NPY、VIP、SP和CGRP神经的分布

本文应用免疫组织化学(ABC)方法,观察了含NPY、VIP、SP、CGRP神经在成年大鼠完整脑底动脉环的分布,并在免疫组化染色标本上,将神经依其走行分为三种类型,采用交点计数法,分别计数各类纤维的密度,定量分析动脉环各段血管上的四种含肽神经。结果表明,1.在成年大鼠脑底动脉环上,四种含肽神经的密度大小次序是含NPY、VIP、CGRP、SP神经;四种含肽神经在动脉环吻侧的密度大于尾侧。2.在Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维,四种含肽神经的密度差异在动脉环多数血管段上不明显;在Ⅲ类纤维,含NPY和VIP、含CGRP和SP神经的密度接近,含NPY和VIP神经的密度明显大于含CGRP和SP神经。3.在多数血管段上,含NPY和含VIP神经的Ⅰ类纤维的密度和Ⅱ类纤维接近,Ⅲ类纤维的密度在动脉环吻侧大于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维,向尾侧逐渐和它们接近。各段血管上,含SP和CGRP神经的Ⅲ类纤维的密度较Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维小,Ⅰ类纤维和Ⅱ类纤维的密度接近。4.含NPY、VIP神经Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维在动脉环吻侧的密度和尾侧接近,Ⅲ类纤维的密度从吻侧到尾侧逐渐降低。含SP和CGRP神经三种类型纤维在吻侧的密度均高于尾侧。5.在大脑中动脉延伸过程中,含NPY和含VIP神经的密度下降,尤以Ⅲ类纤维密度降低明显。含SP和CGRP神经仅少量分布于MCA近侧段。     

大鼠脑底动脉环含NPY、VIP、SP、CGRP神经的来源

本文应用免疫组织化学结合颈上神经节切除术探讨了支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经的来源，并用交点计数法进行定量分析。结果表明去左侧颈上节后，含ＮＰＹ神经Ⅲ类纤维（环行纤维）在同侧筛内动脉，大脑前动脉的中段、尾侧段，颈内动脉，大脑后动脉吻侧段，后交通支上的密度降低约５０％；Ⅰ类纤维（纵行纤维）仅在同侧后交通支上的密度有降低，而Ⅱ类纤维（斜行纤维）在各段血管上的密度基本上不变，提示脑底动脉环仅部分血管上的含ＮＰＹ神经部分来自同侧颈上节。去一侧颈上节后，脑底动脉上含ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经元无明显改变，说明支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经既不在颈上节起源，它们的纤维也不经过此神经节。     

Peptide-containing nerves in the human pregnant uterine cervix: an immunohistochemical study exploring the effect of RU 486 (mifepristone).

The presence of several neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), enkephalin (ENK), somatostatin (SOM) was established in the early pregnant human cervix using indirect immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry. Several peptides (VIP, NPY, CGRP, GAL) were present both in free nerves among smooth muscle cells and around blood vessels. Others (SP, SOM) were only seen as single varicosities among smooth muscle cells. Randomized treatment of patients with RU 486 (mifepristone) prior to surgical sampling revealed no clearcut differences in peptide immunoreactivities. After RU 486 treatment, however, there was a tendency towards a decrease of NPY- and VIP-immunoreactivity, and an increase of CGRP-immunoreactivity.     

大鼠、小鼠颌下腺副交感神经节神经肽的免疫组织化学观察

本实验采用免疫组织化学 ABC法对大鼠、小鼠颌下腺副交感神经节细胞的神经肽进行了定性观察。结果证明 :在颌下腺小叶间结缔组织中存在着副交感神经节 ,神经节内神经元胞体呈圆形、椭圆形或不规则形 ;还可看到有发自神经元胞体的细长或短的突起 ,与邻近神经元似有联系。神经元胞体呈 SP、VIP、NPY、SOM和 CGRP免疫反应阳性 ,细胞核为阴性反应。本实验结果提示 :大鼠、小鼠颌下腺副交感神经节细胞内的神经肽可能以神经递质或神经调质的方式 ,调节其复杂的分泌活动     

Immunohistochemical localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide and cotransmitters in a subpopulation of post-ganglionic neurons in the porcine inferior mesenteric ganglion.

Applying double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry, adrenergic and non-adrenergic postganglionic sympathetic neurons, in the porcine inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) are subdivided according to size and cotransmitter content. Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons are demonstrated to belong to the non-adrenergic, i.e. tyrosine hydroxylase- and DOPAmine-beta-hydroxylase-(D beta H)-negative subpopulation of postganglionic perikarya. Virtually all of the CGRP-IR postganglionic neurons exhibit colocalization with somatostatin (SOM), and, some of them with neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY). Additionally, NPY-, SOM-, and NPY/SOM-IR subpopulations of adrenergic and non-adrenergic neurons are observed. CGRP-immunoreactivity is seen in dense networks of intraganglionic varicose nerve fibres, adjacent to the TH- and SOM-IR neurons. NPY-IR perikarya are sparsely supplied by CGRP-IR fibres. SOM- and NPY-IR nerve fibres also exist in the inferior mesenteric ganglion. The functional relevance of CGRP-IR postganglionic neurons, as well as target organs of these neurons remain to be elucidated.     

Immunohistochemical characteristics of human paraganglion cells and sensory corpuscles associated with the urinary bladder. A developmental study in the male fetus, neonate and infant

Triple label immunohistochemistry was used to study the coexistence of the catecholamine-synthesising enzymes dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and several neuropeptides including neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin (SOM) and galanin (GAL) as well as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in developing pelvic paraganglion cells in a series of human male fetal, neonatal and infant specimens ranging in age from 13 wk of gestation to 3 y postnatal. 13–20 wk old fetal specimens possessed large clusters of paraganglion cells lying lateral to the urinary bladder and prostate gland which were intensely DBH-immunoreactive (-IR) but lacked TH, NOS and the neuropeptides investigated. With increasing fetal age small clusters of paraganglion cells were observed in the muscle coat of the urinary bladder. At 23 wk of gestation occasional paraganglion cells were NOS or NPY-IR while at 26 wk of gestation the majority of paraganglion cells were TH-IR and a few were SOM or GAL-IR. Some postnatal paraganglia within the bladder musculature contained cells which were all VIP, SP or CGRP-IR while others displayed coexistence of NOS and NPY, SP and CGRP, or NPY and VIP. The presence of NOS in certain paraganglion cells indicates their capacity to generate nitric oxide (NO). These results show that human paraganglion cells develop different phenotypes possibly dependent upon their location within the bladder wall. A delicate plexus of branching varicose nerves was observed in the fetal paraganglia which increased in density with increasing gestational age. The majority of these nerves were VIP-IR while others were CGRP, SP, NPY, NOS or GAL-IR. The presence of nerve terminals adjacent to the paraganglion cells implies a neural influence on the functional activity of the paraganglia. Some paraganglia in the late fetal and early postnatal specimens contained Timofeew's sensory corpuscles, resembling pacinian corpuscles in their morphology. The central nerve fibre of these corpuscles displayed immunoreactivity for SP, CGRP and NOS, the latter indicating a possible role for NO in afferent transmission from the urinary bladder. In addition, a few corpuscles were penetrated by a noradrenergic nerve fibre immunoreactive for NPY and TH, which may have a modulatory role on the sensory receptor.