血清Th1/Th2细胞因子水平与慢性丙型肝炎临床及干扰素疗效关系的研究

目的 探讨血清Th1和Th2细胞因子水平与慢性丙型肝炎患者病情进展及干扰素疗效的关系.方法 血清细胞因子检测应用ELISA法,HCV基因分型应用直接测序法,HCVRNA载量采用荧光定量PCR法.结果 慢性丙型肝炎患者血清IL-2和TGF-β含量明显低于健康对照组,IL-5含量明显高于后者;血清IL-6含量与ALT水平呈正相关,与RNA载量呈负相关;HCV基因型1型患者IL-6含量明显高于2型,2a型IL-2含量低于2b型;随着感染时间的延长,血清IL-2呈下降趋势,IL-6呈升高趋势,而TGF-β则先升高之后逐渐下降.干扰素治疗应答组和无应答组治疗前血清细胞因子水平均差异无统计学意义,但应答组治疗结束时IFN-γ含量较治疗前明显升高.结论 慢性丙型肝炎患者存在Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡并与临床表现相关;治疗前血清Th1/Th2细胞因子水平不能对疗效进行预测,干扰素诱导的Th1细胞优势反应与持续应答有关.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者Th1/Th2的细胞因子水平及临床意义

目的:检测特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者外周血Th1(IL-2、IFN-γ)及Th2(IL-4、IL-10)细胞因子的变化,探讨ITP患者发病与Thl/Th2优势活化状态之间的关系.方法:通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测30例ITP患者治疗前、治疗后及26例健康志愿者外周血清中IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10水平.结果:ITP患者治疗前IFN-γ及IL-2因子水平高于治疗后和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而IL-4及IL-10因子治疗前水平低于治疗后和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:Thl型细胞因子介导的免疫应答在ITP的发病机制中占主导地位,糖皮质激素治疗可调整Th1/Th2细胞因子的偏移状态.     

细粒棘球蚴早期感染对小鼠T细胞亚群的影响

目的观察细粒棘球蚴感染早期,小鼠体内脾细胞中T细胞亚群及相关细胞因子表达的改变。方法以细粒棘球蚴感染Balb/c小鼠后收集细胞用FCM检测Th1、Th2、Treg、Th9细胞;同时用qRT-PCR检测IL-9、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-4、PU.1和TGF-β的mRNA水平表达量;用ELISA检测血清中IL-9、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β和IL-25的含量。结果 FCM检测原头蚴组不同时间点Th1、Th2、Treg、Th9细胞的比例,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);qRT-PCR检测IL-9、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-4、PU.1和TGF-β的mRNA水平表达量在感染后升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ELISA检测血清中IL-9、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β和IL-25的含量在感染后升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论原头蚴能刺激小鼠体内脾细胞向Th1、Th2、Treg、Th9细胞分化且上调相应细胞因子的分泌,且Th9与Th2、Treg之间呈正相关,提示这些亚群细胞可能在包虫病感染的免疫逃逸中发挥一定作用。     

内毒素对慢性HBV感染者Th1/Th2类细胞因子的影响

目的 通过研究慢性HBV感染者血浆内毒素(Endotoxin,ET)与Th1、Th2类细胞因子的关系,进而探讨其各自对慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者免疫功能的影响.方法 无菌收集HBV感染者和正常对照者血浆、血清,以鲎试剂法测定血浆ET水平,同时测定血清补体活性及Th1、Th2类细胞因子水平.分析ET与Th1、Th2类细胞因子的关系.结果 CHB患者IL-4与IL-10水平明显升高,IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ水平明显降低;ET阳性组患者IL-4与IL-10水平明显高于阴性组,IL-12水平在阳性组明显低于阴性组;ET与AP50呈显著正相关.结论 CHB患者均有不同程度的Th1/Th2类细胞因子失衡,主要表现为:Th1类细胞因子减少而Th2类细胞因子增加,ET主要影响Th2类细胞因子,进而影响患者的免疫功能.     

IL-1β、IL-6、p53与胃癌组织幽门螺杆菌感染的相关性分析

目的 探讨IL-1β、IL-6、p53与胃癌组织幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的相关性.方法 选取2016年6月至2017年10月期间我院收治的100例胃癌患者,根据检查结果Hp阳性有89例,Hp阴性有11例.选取同期体检健康者50例作为对照组.比较各组间血清IL-1β、IL-6、p53水平以及相关性.结果 胃癌组血清IL-1β、IL-6、p53水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).胃癌组Hp阳性率(89.0％)显著高于对照组(22.0％)(P＜0.05).Hp(+)胃癌组血清IL-1β、IL-6、p53水平显著高于Hp(-)胃癌组(P＜0.05).胃癌Hp感染密度3级患者血清IL-1β、IL-6、p53水平显著高于1级和2级(P＜0.05).经过Spearson相关性分析,IL-1β、IL-6、p53水平与胃癌Hp感染密度均呈正相关关系.结论 胃癌组织Hp感染可引起血清IL-1β、IL-6水平等炎性因子提高和抑癌基因p53的激活,并通过联合作用机制共同促进胃癌的发生、发展.     

华支睾吸虫感染患者血清Th1/Th2细胞因子水平检测及意义

目的研究华支睾吸虫病患者血清中Th1/Th2细胞因子IL-2和IL-4的水平变化,并探讨其在肝吸虫致病机制中的作用。方法分别采集华支睾吸虫病人和健康人的血清,用ELISA方法检测血清中Th1/Th2细胞因子IL-2和IL-4的水平。结果华支睾吸虫病人血清IL-2的水平与正常对照组相比(P<0.01)显著降低,IL-4的水平与正常对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05)。结论华支睾吸虫感染病人血清细胞因子水平异常,表现为Th1型细胞因子水平下降,Th2型细胞因子水平升高,病人细胞免疫功能下降,体液免疫功能增强升高,本研究结果表明肝吸虫感染后引起的细胞因子紊乱参与肝吸虫致病过程。     

HIV／AIDS患者体内Th17及Th1应答失衡

目的 探讨HIV/AIDS患者体内Th17、Th1应答情况及Th17与Th1应答之间的相互关系.方法 选取38例符合诊断标准的慢性HIV感染患者,根据抗病毒治疗与否,将其分为2组：治疗前16例,治疗后22例,同时选取24例健康志愿者为对照.采用全血胞内细胞因子染色方法,使用BD FACSCanto流式细胞仪检测各项指标,FACSDiva软件分析CD4^＋IL-17^＋T细胞及CD4^＋IFN-γ^＋T细胞表达情况,将结果进行统计学分析并比较各组之间的差异.结果 未治疗患者CIM^＋IL-17^＋T细胞表达显著低于健康对照（1.14±0.79）%vs（3.98±1.14）%,P=0.000,经抗毒治疗后明显升高（2.22±1.00）%,P=0.001;而CD4^＋IFN-γ^＋T细胞则在治疗前后没有显著变化（34.35±24.38% vs42.10＋15.57%）,与健康人比较亦差异无统计学意义P=0.383;进一步相关性分析表明CD4^＋IL-17^＋T细胞与CD4^＋T细胞计数呈正相关（R=0.345,P=0.034）,而CD4^＋IFN-γ^＋T细胞则与CD4^＋T细胞计数没有明显相关性（R=-0.247,P=0.136）.结论 人体感染HIV病毒以后,机体出现Th17应答显著下调,Th17/Th1平衡紊乱,Th17免疫应答可能在HIV感染致病机制中起着重要作用.     

带状疱疹后遗神经痛与Th1/Th2细胞因子及血清炎性因子相关性探讨

目的 探讨研究带状疱疹后遗神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia, PHN)与Th1/Th2细胞因子及血清炎性因子相关性.方法 选取2014年8月至2015年8月在我院接受治疗的120例带状疱疹后遗神经痛患者,进行低频脉冲电治疗结合神经营养药物(弥可保)注射治疗,比较治疗前后患者的疼痛视觉模拟(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分,Th1/Th2细胞因子水平及血清炎性因子水平,并研究VAS评分与二者的相关性.结果 PHN患者治疗后7d、1个月的VAS评分显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗后IFN-γ、IL-4水平与治疗前差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),而IL-10水平与治疗前相比显著降低(P<0.05),PHN患者治疗后的IL-1β及TNF-α水平均比治疗前显著降低(P<0.05);Spearman秩相关分析结果表明,治疗前后,PHN患者疼痛程度与炎性因子IL-1β和TNF-α及Th1/Th2细胞因子IL-10显著正相关(P<0.05).结论 在PHN治疗中,低频脉冲电治疗结合神经营养药物(弥可保)注射治疗有显著的近期效果,患者的疼痛程度与Th1/Th2细胞因子及血清炎性因子有一定的相关性.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者核苷(酸)类似物治疗前后外周血中Treg和Th17细胞及其相关细胞因子水平的变化

目的 观察慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者应用核苷(酸)类似物(NA)抗病毒治疗前后外周血中Treg、Th17细胞及其相关细胞因子水平的变化.方法 采用流式细胞术,检测44例NA治疗12周的CHB患者外周血Treg(CD4+ CD25high CD127low)和Th17(CD3+ CD8-IL-17+)细胞频率.ELISA检测血清IL-10、TGF-β1、IL-17及IL-23水平.各组间采用Mann-Whitney U检验,治疗前后采用Wilcoxon配对T检验.结果 完全应答的14例患者的Treg细胞频率、IL-10、TGF-β1和IL-23水平及Treg/Th17比率较治疗前明显下降(Z=-2.691,-2.417,-2.237,-2.291,-2.291,P均＜0.05),Th17细胞频率及IL-17水平略有增加.部分应答的11例患者的Treg细胞频率、IL-10、TGF-β1和IL-23水平较治疗前明显下降(Z=-1.988,-2.934,-2.756,-2.803,P均＜0.05),Th17细胞频率及IL-17水平略有增加,Treg/Th 17比率略有下降.无应答的15例患者的Treg和Th17细胞频率、IL-10、TGF-β1、IL-23、IL-17水平及Treg/Th17比率较治疗无明显变化.HBV DNA下降≥2 log拷贝/ml及ALT恢复正常时,Treg细胞频率与细胞因子IL-10、TGF-β1和IL-23水平较治疗前明显下降(P均＜0.05).Treg细胞频率与HBV DNA及ALT水平三者之间具有一定的相关性.结论 NA抗病毒治疗前后,CHB患者Treg和Th17细胞频率及IL-10、TGF-β1、IL-23、IL-17水平均发生变化;治疗后获得满意应答的CHB患者Treg细胞频率、IL-10、TGF-β1、IL-23水平及Treg/Th17比率明显下降,Th17细胞及IL-17水平继续上升;且以上变化与病毒学应答及生化学应答有关.     

全氟化合物与儿童哮喘及Th1/Th2免疫应答平衡相关性研究

目的 采用病例对照探讨全氟化合物(PFAAS)暴露与儿童哮喘及Th1型细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-2,干扰素(IFN)-γ和Th2型细胞因子(IL-4,IL-5)分泌水平的关系.方法 选择231名台北医院就诊的哮喘儿童作为病例组,来自社区的225名自然儿童作为对照组.采用双抗体酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)试剂盒检测儿童血清中细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10的分泌水平;高效液相色谱仪分析血清中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)水平.结果 哮喘儿童机体PFOS(33.9μg/L比28.9 μg/L)和PFOA(1.2μg/L比0.5 μg/L)暴露负荷显著的高于对照组儿童,且随着机体PFAAs的增高,儿童患有哮喘的风险呈增高趋势.对哮喘儿童而言,血清PFAAs水平与Th1型细胞因子(IL-2,IFN-γ)存在显著的负相关,而与Th2型细胞因子(IL-4,IL-5)呈正相关关系.结论 PFOS暴露可诱导机体免疫应答平衡紊乱,并向Th2型免疫应答极化.     

Th1/Th2 balance in infection

Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells are of critical importance for the outcome of many infectious diseases. Producing the right set of Cyokines in response to an infectious agent can be a matter of life or death. The Th1/Th2 dichotomy, although an oversimplification has proven useful in the analysis of immune responses to infections. In some infectious diseases, most notably leishmaniasis or infections with gastrointestinal helminths, one Th subset is indispensable for clearing the infection, whereas the opposite Th subset is detrimental. More frequently, both Th1 and Th2 responses are required at different time points to effectively eradicate an infectious agent. The granuloma responses to eitherMycobacterium tuberculosis orSchistosoma mansoni provide illustrative examples and are discussed in this review. There is accumulating evidence for frequent coexpression of Th1 and Th2 Cyokines during the in vivo immune response to infections. The mechanisms by which infectious agents modulate Th1/Th2 phenotype development are summarized here. Finally, we review here the current evidence for cytokine imbalances induced by infections as pathogenic or protective factors in autoimmunity and allergy.     

Th1/Th2 balance in infection

Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells are of critical importance for the outcome of many infectious diseases. Producing the “right” set of Cyokines in response to an infectious agent can be a matter of life or death. The Th1/Th2 dichotomy, although an oversimplification has proven useful in the analysis of immune responses to infections. In some infectious diseases, most notably leishmaniasis or infections with gastrointestinal helminths, one Th subset is indispensable for clearing the infection, whereas the opposite Th subset is detrimental. More frequently, both Th1 and Th2 responses are required at different time points to effectively eradicate an infectious agent. The granuloma responses to eitherMycobacterium tuberculosis orSchistosoma mansoni provide illustrative examples and are discussed in this review. There is accumulating evidence for frequent coexpression of Th1 and Th2 Cyokines during the in vivo immune response to infections. The mechanisms by which infectious agents modulate Th1/Th2 phenotype development are summarized here. Finally, we review here the current evidence for cytokine imbalances induced by infections as pathogenic or protective factors in autoimmunity and allergy.     

Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance leading to excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Imbalance in the levels of cytokines represents one of the multifactorial causes of SLE pathogenesis and it contributes to disease severity. Deregulated levels of T helper type 1 (Th1), type 2 (Th2), and type 17 (Th17) cytokines have been associated with autoimmune inflammation. Growing evidence has shown deregulated levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients compared to healthy controls associated with disease activity and severity. In this review, we describe and discuss the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients, and clinical trials involving Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients. In particular, with the exception of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-β1, the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines are increased in SLE patients associated with disease severity. Current phase II or III studies involve therapeutic antibodies targeting IFN-α and type I IFN receptor, while low-dose IL-2 therapy is assessed in phase II clinical trials.     

Distribution of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in human peripheral and endometrial T cells

PROBLEM: To examine whether normal pregnancy involves type 2 T-helper (Th2) immune condition or not. METHOD OF STUDY: We measured the percentage of Th0, Th1, and Th2 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios of human peripheral blood and endometrial T cells using flow cytometry, which can analyze both the surface marker CD3, and intracellular cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the percentages of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in the peripheral blood T cells of nonpregnant women and women in early pregnancy. On the other hand, the percentage of Th1 cells was highest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, followed by the secretory phase and early pregnancy decidua. The percentage of Th2 cells was highest in early pregnancy decidua and lowest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium. The Th1/Th2 ratio was 147.48+/-96.68 during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, 37.74+/-21.33 during the secretory phase, and 1.31+/-0.48 in the early pregnancy decidua. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that Th1 cells predominate in the nonpregnant endometrium, especially during the proliferative phase, while Th2 cells predominate in early pregnancy decidua.     

Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the balance between Th1 cytokines and Th2 cytokines plays a role in modulation of cellular responses in the brain during psychological stress and psychiatric disorders. The Th3 cytokine, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), has been shown to regulate the balance between Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines. However, the role of TGF-beta1 in the psychoimmunology of depression has never been explored. METHODS: A total of 40 depressed patients and 80 normal controls were recruited. The plasma levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TGF-beta1 were studied at the time of admission and 8 weeks after antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: The proportion of patients who showed immunoreactivity to IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the plasma, and the plasma IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio, were significantly higher in depressed patients than in controls. The IFN-gamma/TGF-beta1 ratio was also higher in depressed patients, and TGF-beta1 levels showed a significant negative correlation with the HDRS depression scale. After treatment, TGF-beta1 level increased significantly, and the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio decreased significantly, in the patient group. However, Th1 changes in male and female showed different trend such as Th1 arm was decreased after the treatment in all male, whereas it was increased in premenopausal age women. LIMITATIONS: Replication and extension using a larger sample size are required. CONCLUSIONS: The Th1 and Th2 cytokine imbalance was observed in subpopulation of depressed patients. TGF-beta1 seemed to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression in this population. Moreover, antidepressant treatment was found to affect the Th1/Th2 balance through the action of TGF-beta1.     

The Th1/Th2 balance in autoimmunity

The study of autoimmune disease in the context of T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2) CD4⁺ T-cell responses demonstrates that the relative contribution of either T-cell type to the development of a particular autoimmune response can influence whether or not this response leads to clinical disease. Moreover, this influence can be quite different depending on whether the particular disease process is cell mediated or antibody mediated. Recent studies have demonstrated that the development of Th1 and Th2 responses may be significantly influenced by the costimulatory molecules recognized by responding CD4 T cells, and by other undefined factors in the genetic background. It has also been demonstrated that autoreactive Th2 CD4⁺ cells can regulate the activity of disease-causing Th1 CD4⁺ T cells in vivo. Control of autoimmune disease may thus be achieved by procedures that regulate the relative contribution of Th1/Th2 CD4 T cells to an autoimmune response.