CTLA-4基因多态性与膀胱癌易感性的相关性及基因-环境交互作用的研究北大核心

目的:探讨细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4,CTLA-4)基因rs733618、rs5742909、rs231775位点单核苷酸多态性与膀胱癌的相关性。方法:收集188例膀胱癌患者和188名健康对照人群的人口学及生活行为方式资料,采集研究对象5 mL外周血提取DNA,通过imLDR技术对rs733618、rs5742909、rs231775位点进行基因分型,观察各位点基因型在病例组和对照组之间的分布差异,使用条件Logistic回归分析各基因型与膀胱癌发病风险的关系,并基于GMDR探究基因与环境的交互作用。结果:CTLA-4 rs733618位点基因型和等位基因频率在病例组和对照组间的分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);rs231775位点基因型和等位基因频率在两组的分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但rs733618、rs5742909、rs231775三个位点与患膀胱癌的风险关系均未达到统计学差异(P>0.05)。吸烟是膀胱癌的独立危险因素(OR=2.982,95%CI:1.594~5.577)。GMDR分析表明rs231775位点、吸烟史和文化程度间存在交互作用(OR=3.44,95%CI:1.82~6.53)。结论:CTLA-4基因rs733618、rs5742909、rs231775位点多态性与中国人群膀胱癌患病风险可能无关,其中rs231775位点与吸烟史及文化程度因素存在交互作用,增加膀胱癌患病风险。     

广西壮族人群RTN4基因多态性及其单倍型与鼻咽癌易感性的关系北大核心CSCD

目的研究广西壮族人群RTN4基因多态性及其单倍型与鼻咽癌易感性之间的关系。方法运用DNA测序法和单碱基延伸PCR技术,检测广西壮族人群200例确诊为鼻咽癌患者(鼻咽癌组)和200例健康查体者(对照组)的RTN4基因rs2588510和rs1348528位点基因型,并分析RTN4基因的等位基因和单倍型频率。结果 RTN4基因多态性rs2588510和rs1348528位点在对照组和鼻咽癌组中的基因型和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义。而两个位点在对照组和鼻咽癌组中单倍型CG频率分别为27.5%和34.8%,单倍型TA频率分别为0.7%和3.0%,鼻咽癌组单倍型CG和TA频率的分布差异显著高于对照组(P=0.007,OR=2.05,95%CI:1.21~3.46;P=0.001,OR=6.48,95%CI:1.69~24.9)。结论 RTN4基因多态性rs2588510和rs1348528位点的单倍型CG和TA可增加广西壮族人群个体鼻咽癌易感性。     

CAV-1基因多态性与散发乳腺癌易感性的相关性分析

[目的]探讨CAV-1基因多态性与散发乳腺癌的相关性。[方法]采用病例对照研究,纳入经病理确诊的135例女性乳腺癌患者作为实验组,166例女性健康体检者为对照组。通过竞争性等位基因特异性PCR法对研究对象基因位点进行分型;采用χ2检验比较CAV-1各SNP基因型及等位基因频率在两组中的分布差异;非条件Logistic回归分析CAV-1基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关联。[结果]在共显性模型、显性模型及等位基因模型下rs3807987及rs7804372位点多态性与乳腺癌易感性密切相关。rs3807987:相对于GG基因型,AG、AA基因携带者(AG/AA基因型)均增加乳腺癌的发病风险(P<0.05),OR值分别为2.110(95%CI:1.270~3.505)、1.968(95%CI:1.205~3.216)。rs7804372位点:相对于TT基因型,AT、AA基因携带者(AT/AA基因型)均增加乳腺癌的发病风险(P<0.05),OR值分别为2.088(95%CI:1.285~3.392)、2.059(95%CI:1.293~3.280)。rs12672038位点:在共显性模型、显性模型、等位基因模型均未见rs12672038位点多态性分布与乳腺癌发病风险之间存在相关性。[结论]CAV-1基因rs3807987与rs7804372多态性与乳腺癌易感性相关。     

E2F1基因多态性与宫颈癌风险关联性研究

摘 要：［目的］ 选取E2F1基因中rs3213172、rs3213173和rs3213176三个多态性位点,研究其与宫颈癌的关联性。［方法］ 选取2016—2019年贵州省人民医院肿瘤科确诊为宫颈癌的149例患者为病例组,选取同期同院参加正常体检的健康女性206人为对照组。采用通用探针法对E2F1基因中的多态位点rs3213172、rs3213173和rs3213176进行基因分型,研究这些多态性位点的等位基因、基因型及构建的单倍型在对照组和病例组中分布频率的差异。［结果］ E2F1基因中的多态性位点rs3213172 CT基因型在病例组和对照组间分布频率差异有统计学意义,可能是宫颈癌发生的危险因素 (OR=1.57,95%CI：1.00～2.48);多态位点rs3213173和rs321317的等位基因和基因型在病例组和对照组中的分布频率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。单倍型分型结果显示,rs3213172-rs3213173-rs3213176的单倍型C-T-G可能是宫颈癌发生的保护性因素（OR=0.66,95%CI：0.47～0.93）;单倍型T-T-G可能是宫颈癌发生的风险因素（OR=2.49,95%CI：1.35～4.59）。［结论］ E2F1基因中的多态位点rs3213172可能与宫颈癌的发病风险有关。     

CD44基因多态性与宫颈癌及非小细胞肺癌的相关性

背景与目的：CD44分子是众多肿瘤细胞的标志分子，其表达水平与肿瘤细胞的恶性程度有关。该研究探讨CD44基因中的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）位点与云南汉族人群宫颈癌和非小细胞肺癌（nonsmall cell lung cancer，NSCLC）易感性的相关性。方法：选取了CD44基因中的两个SNP位点rs13347和rs8193，采用TagMan基因分型的方法，分析这两个多态性位点在497例宫颈癌患者和500例健康对照个体以及483例NSCLC患者和471例健康对照个体中的分布特征，并分析CD44基因中的多态性位点与云南汉族人群宫颈癌和NSCLC的相关性。结果：rs13347和rs8193位点等位基因和基因型在宫颈癌组和对照组中的分布频率的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。而在NSCLC组和对照组的比较中：rs13347和rs8193位点等位基因在NSCLC组和对照组中的分布频率的差异有统计学意义（P=0.020和P=0.004）；这两个位点基因型在NSCLC组和对照组中分布频率的差异有统计学意义（P=0.027和P=0.020）；其中rs13347位点等位基因C在NSCLC组中的分布频率显著高于对照组，可能是NSCLC发生的风险因素（OR=1.250，95% CI：1.035～1.509），rs8193位点等位基因C在对照组中的分布频率显著高于NSCLC组，可能是NSCLC发生的保护性因素（OR=0.768，95%CI：0.641～0.921）。单倍型分析结果显示，rs13347C-rs8193T和rs13347T-rs8193C在NSCLC组和对照组中的分布频率差异有统计学意义（P=0.003和0.022）；该结果说明单倍型rs13347C-rs8193T可能是云南汉族人群NSCLC发生的风险性因素（OR=1.316，95%CI：1.096～1.579）。结论：CD44基因中的两个SNP位点rs13347和rs8193可能与云南汉族人群宫颈癌发病风险无关，而可能与云南汉族人群NSCLC具有相关性。     

ERCC1基因多态性与胃癌发生发展的关系

  目的  本研究拟探讨切除修复互补交叉基因1(ERCC1)3个单核苷多态性(SNPs)与胃癌发生发展的关系。  方法  选取2007年1月至2009年12月福建地区组织学确诊的452例胃癌患者和469例健康体检人群, 利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)方法进行rs11615 T > C、rs2298881 C > A和rs3212930 T > C、3个位点多态性检测, 以评估ERCC1不同基因型与胃癌发病风险和病理特征的关系。  结果  rs11615 T > C位点携带C等位基因的个体患胃癌的风险较野生纯合基因型降低一半(OR=0.49;95%CI: 0.52~0.47;P=0.01), 但是罹患弥漫型胃癌的风险上升1.68倍, 预后更差(OR=1.68;95%CI: 0.76~0.61;P=0.048)。单体型分析显示, 基于这3个位点的单体型C-C-C降低了体患胃癌的风险(OR=0.729;95%CI: 0.531~1.001;P=0.0499), 而单体型T-C-T则增加了胃癌患病的风险(OR=1.321;95%CI: 1.063~1.641;P=0.0118)。  结论  ERCC1基因rs11615 T > C位点多态性与胃癌发生发展密切相关, 携带该基因2种不同单体型的个体在胃癌患病风险上存在差异。      

2q35 rs13387042和8q24 rs13281615单核苷酸多态性与中国东北汉族绝经前妇女乳腺癌风险关系

背景与目的：乳腺癌作为中国女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,每年的新发数量和死亡数量分别占全世界的12.2%和9.6%,但与中国乳腺癌患者明显相关的基因多态位点至今尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨2q35 rs13387042和8q24 rs13281615单核苷酸多态性与中国北方汉族绝经前妇女乳腺癌风险关系,为预防和治疗乳腺癌提供循证依据。方法：采用多重单碱基延伸单核苷酸多态性分型技术(SNaPshot)分析方法,检测了280例绝经前乳腺癌患者和287例绝经前正常对照者2q35 rs13387042和8q24 rs13281615多态性位点基因型,并比较不同基因型和等位基因与乳腺癌风险的关系。结果：2q35 rs13387042多态性位点基因型频率在乳腺癌和对照样本之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.017);8q24 rs13281615多态性位点基因型频率在乳腺癌和对照样本之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.967)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,对于2q35 rs13387042位点,与GG相比,GA和GA+AA基因型携带者显著增加乳腺癌的患病风险(OR=1.793,95%CI：1.177～2.733,P=0.007;OR=1.691,95%CI：1.122～2.550,P=0.012),而AA携带者与乳腺癌的患病风险无关(OR=0.572,95%CI：0.104～3.153,P=0.521);与G等位基因相比,A等位基因显著增加乳腺癌的患病风险(OR=1.505,95%CI：1.033～2.193,P=0.033)。对于8q24rs13281615位点,与AA相比,AG、GG和AG+GG基因型携带者与乳腺癌的患病风险无关(OR=0.992,95%CI：0.660～1.490,P=0.968;OR=1.047,95%CI：0.642～1.708,P=0.853;OR=1.007,95%CI：0.682～1.487,P=0.971);与A等位基因相比,G等位基因不增加乳腺癌患病风险(OR=1.021,95%CI：0.809～1.288,P=0.863)。结论：本实验证实2q35 rs13387042多态性位点能够增加中国北方汉族绝经前妇女乳腺癌易感风险,而8q24 rs13281615多态性位点与中国北方汉族绝经前妇女乳腺癌易感性无明显相关性。     

TNF-A基因多态性及其单体型与新疆维、汉民族胃癌的关系

目的:探讨新疆维吾尔族(维族)和汉族胃癌患者肿瘤坏死因子-α基因(TNF-A)rs1800629和rs361525位点多态性及其单体型与胃癌易感性的关系。方法:采用Snapshot技术分析322例胃癌患者(其中维族93例,汉族229例)和作为对照的487例非胃癌患者(其中维族231例,汉族256例)TNF-A基因rs1800629和rs361525位点基因型的分布;利用SHEsis软件分析其构成的单体型在病例组和对照组中的分布频率,比较基因型和单体型在病例组和对照组间的分布差异。结果:在维族人群中,TNF-A基因rs1800629和rs361.525位点不论是等位基因位点、基因型还是单体型在病例组和对照组中的分布频率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在汉族人群中,TNF-A基因rs361525位点AA+GA基因型在病例组和对照组之间的分布差异有统计学意义(χ=4.56,P=0.03),即携带A等位基因者发生胃癌的风险增加(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.06～5.49);rs1800629位点基因型与胃癌之间未发现明显关联;A-A单体型在病例组及对照组分布频率分别为0.92%和0.86%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.03,P=0.01)。结论:TNF-A基因单核苷酸多态性与汉族人群胃癌发病风险相关,这种相关性具有民族差异。     

江西汉族女性BRCA2基因单核苷酸多态性与散发性乳腺癌易感相关性研究

目的:探讨BRCA2基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与江西汉族女性散发性乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法:利用SequenomMassArrayiPLEX GOLD系统对江西南昌大学第一附属医院散发性乳腺癌患者152例和健康对照组165名的BRCA2基因编码区3个单核苷酸多态性位点(rs766173,rs144848,rs1801426)进行基因型检测,非条件Logistic回归分析。结果:rs766173位点基因型和等位基因型频率分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.602,P=0.032;χ2=4.097,P=0.043)。相对TT基因型,TG杂合型与TG+GG型均能显著性增加乳腺癌发生的危险性,OR值(95%CI)分别为1.971(1.060~3.666)和1.934(1.052~3.555),P分别为0.032和0.034。相对等位基因T,等位基因G为易感等位基因,OR值为1.792(95%CI=1.012~3.172,P=0.045)。另外两个位点rs144848和rs1801426多态性分布频率在乳腺癌组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义。结论:rs766173位点基因多态性与江西地区汉族女性散发性乳腺癌易感性相关,另外两个多态性位点rs144848和rs1801426与江西地区女性散发性乳腺癌易感性无关。     

OPN基因多态性与广西壮族人群鼻咽癌易感性的关系

目的研究骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)基因单核苷酸多态性及其单倍型与广西壮族人群鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)易感性的关系。方法采用病例-对照研究方法,收集2010-03-01-2013-03-20入住右江民族医学院附属医院的广西壮族鼻咽癌患者150例,同时随机选取2012-01-01-2012-08-01右江民族医学院附属医院常规体检的广西壮族人150名作为对照。采用单碱基延伸PCR技术和DNA测序法,检测150例广西壮族鼻咽癌患者和150名壮族对照者的OPN基因rs11728697和rs4754位点单核苷酸多态性,并分析OPN基因的单倍型频率。结果在OPN基因rs11728697位点上,携带CT基因型的个体相比携带常见的CC基因型个体罹患鼻咽癌的风险更高,OR=1.78,95%CI为1.05~2.98,χ2=5.863,P=0.033;但TT基因型并不增个体罹患鼻咽癌的风险,OR=0.92,95%CI为0.55~1.77,χ2=0.012,P=0.921。同时,鼻咽癌组在该位点的等位基因型频率与对照组的频率相比差异无统计学意义,OR=1.14,95%CI为0.69~1.45,χ2=0.545,P=0.466。在OPN基因rs4754位点上,对照组和鼻咽癌组的基因型及等位基因型频率分布差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。对照组和鼻咽癌组的单倍型频率分布差异亦无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论在广西壮族人群中,OPN基因rs11728697位点的CT基因型可能增加个体鼻咽癌的易感性,而rs4754位点的多态性与鼻咽癌的易感性无关。     

Estrogen Receptor β lpar;ESR2) Polymorphisms and Endometrial Cancer (United States)

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that variations in the ESR2 gene may influence estrogen exposure in the uterus and thus influence endometrial cancer risk. We validated and screened for variants in the ESR2 gene and examined whether they are associated with endometrial cancer risk. METHODS: We resequenced the promoter and coding regions of the ESR2 gene in 24 endometrial cancer cases, and genotyped the validated/discovered SNPs and intronic dinucleotide CA repeat in a nested case-control study of endometrial cancer (cases = 222, controls = 666) in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). We also explored statistical interaction between ESR2 genotypes and body mass index (BMI) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use among postmenopausal women and cancer risk. RESULTS: Two SNPs were validated [rs1256049 in exon 5 (allelic frequencies = 98% G, 2% A) and rs1271572 in the promoter region (allelic frequencies = 60% G, 40% T)]. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed no association between ESR2 gene polymorphisms and endometrial cancer risk [rs1256049 (OR = 1.2; 95%CI: 0.7-2.3), rs1271572 (OR = 0.8; 95%CI: 0.5-1.1) and CA repeat (22 repeat allele versus > or = 22 repeat allele, OR = 1.1; 95%CI: 0.7-1.7)]. We also did not observe any significant effect modification of the ESR2 polymorphisms by BMI or HRT use among postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that ESR2 polymorphisms may not be associated with endometrial cancer risk.     

Effect of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, TNF-alpha polymorphisms on osteosarcoma： evidences from a meta-analysis

Objective： Previous studies have investigated the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 （CTLA-4） and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-a） in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma, but their results were inconsistent. We aimed to clarify the associations between CTLA-4, TNF-a polymorphism and osteosarcoma risk by using meta-analysis. Methods： We searched relevant studies without language restriction in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and conference literature in humans published prior to March 2013. The strengths of the associations between genetic variants and osteosarcoma risk were estimated by odds ratio （OR） with 95% confidence interval （95% CI）. Results： A total of seven studies with 1,198 osteosarcoma patients and 1,493 controls were selected. Four studies were eligible for CTLA-4 （1,003 osteosarcoma and 1,162 controls）, and three studies for TNF-a （195 osteosarcoma and 331 controls）. Pooled results showed that rs231775 polymorphism of CTLA-4 was associated with osteosarcoma risk （GG vs. AA： OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.24-2.13; GG ＋ GA vs. AA： OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.21-2.01; AA ＋ GA vs. GG： OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.71-0.97; G vs. A： OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.08-1.36）. No significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies. No significant associations were found between rs5742909 polymorphism of CTLA-4 or rs1800629 polymorphism of TNF-a and osteosarcoma risk. Conclusions： These results suggest that the rs231775 polymorphism of CTLA-4 may play an important role in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma.     

Association of CTLA4 gene polymorphism (rs5742909) with cervical cancer: a meta-analysis

Previous studies suggested that CTLA4 polymorphism (rs5742909) is associated with susceptibility to cervical cancer. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically summarize the possible association between rs5742909 and the risk for cervical cancer. We conducted a search of case–control studies on the associations of rs5742909 with susceptibility to cervical cancer in PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang database in China, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. We extracted the data from eligible studies for meta-analysis. The association of cervical cancer risk with rs5742909 was estimated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). There were four studies on rs5742909 and cervical cancer in our meta-analysis. Our results suggested that both T allele frequency (OR?=?1.63, 95 % CI 1.06–2.50; P?=?0.03) and (TT + CT) genotype distribution (OR?=?1.72, 95 % CI 1.07–2.77; P?=?0.03) of the rs5742909 were associated with risk for cervical cancer. This meta-analysis suggests that rs5742909 is associated with the risk of cervical cancer. Well-designed studies with larger sample size and more ethnic groups are required to further validate the results.     

中国汉族人群DNA聚合酶ε基因POLE1单核苷酸多态性与肺癌易感性的关系

目的：探讨人类DNA聚合酶ε基因POLE1单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与肺癌易感性间的关系。方法：采用病例对照研究方法,选择经组织学确诊的肺癌患者462例,以及相同地区,性别年龄频数匹配的对照466例,针对经筛选的5个SNP进行基因型检测,通过统计分析研究基因频率与肺癌风险的关系,并探讨吸烟在其中的影响。结果：病例组rs5744738基因频率分布高于对照组（P〈0.05）。A/A纯合变异携带人群的患肺癌风险显著降低（校正OR=0.47,95%CI：0.25～0.91）。在分层分析中,60岁以上人群患肺癌的风险显著下降（校正OR=0.28,95%CI：0.09～0.91）,无患肿瘤家族史人群下降到0.42倍（校正OR=0.42,95%CI：0.19～0.90）。随着吸烟量的增加,G/G或G/A基因型人群肺癌风险显著升高。rs5744962变异位点（T→C）可提高非吸烟人群的患肺癌风险至1.75倍（95%CI：1.02～3.00）。结论：选取的5个人类POLE1基因SNP的多态性可能与中国汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性有关,在携带rs5744738及与之紧密连锁的rs4883545、rs5744873突变纯合基因的人群,患肺癌的风险显著降低,而携带rs5744962、rs5745047突变基因位点的非吸烟人群患肺癌的风险升高。     

Associations of ERCC4 rs1800067 Polymorphism with Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis

Background: Results from previous studies concerning the association of ERCC4 rs1800067 polymorphismwith risk of cancer were inconsistent. To explore the exact relation with susceptibility, we conducted the presentmeta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Literature of electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science,EMBASE, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically searched. ORsand their 95%CIs were used to assess the strength of associations between ERCC4 polymorphism and cancerrisk. Results: There was no significant association between ERCC4 rs1800067 AA or AG genotypes and overallrisk of cancer (AA vs. GG: OR=0.998, 95%CI=0.670-1.486, P=0.992; AG vs. GG: OR=0.970, 95%CI=0.888-1.061, P=0.508). A dominant genetic model also did not demonstrate significant association of (AA+AG)genotype carriers with altered risk of overall cancer (OR=0.985, 95%CI=0.909-1.068, P=0.719). In addition,no significant association was observed between A allele of ERCC4 rs1800067 A/G polymorphism and alteredcancer risk compared with G allele (OR=0.952, 95%CI=0.851-1.063, P=0.381). Subgroup analysis suggestedthat AA genotype carriers were significantly associated with decreased risk of glioma compared with wild-typeGG genotype individuals (OR=0.523, 95%CI=0.275-0.993, P=0.048). For subgroup of lung cancer, A allele ofERCC4 rs1800067 A/G polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risk of lung cancer comparedwith G allele (OR=0.806, 95%CI=0.697-0.931, P=0.003). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that ERCC4rs1800067 A/G polymorphism might not be associated with risk of overall cancer. However, individuals with theAA genotype were associated with significantly reduced risk of glioma compared with wild-type GG genotype;The A allele was associated with significantly reduced risk of lung cancer compared with G allele. Future largescalestudies performed in multiple populations are warranted to confirm our results.     

Association of MicroRNA 196a and 499 Polymorphisms with Development of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Post-HCV Infection in Egyptian Patients

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary tumor of the liver. Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease, HCC and liver-related death in Egypt. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs were reported to increase susceptibility to tumorigenesis; affect prognosis and as promising biomarkers in virus-host interactions. This study was conducted to investigate the role of genetic variants of miR-196a2 (rs 11614913) C>T and miR-499 (rs 3746444) A>G in the development of cirrhosis and HCC in Egyptian HCV infected patients. Genotyping of the candidate SNPs was performed by Real Time PCR in 75 HCV-related HCC patients, 75 cirrhotic patients on top of HCV and 75 healthy controls. There was significant difference in miR-499 (rs3746444) genotypes frequency between the three studied groups as the GG genotype was significantly lower in HCC cases than other groups (P = 0.009) while the combined miR-499 (AA+AG) genotypes were significantly higher in HCC cases than other groups (P = 0.005). Also a significant difference was found in miR-499 genotypes frequency when compared between HCC and cirrhosis groups as the GG genotype was significantly lower in HCC cases than cirrhosis group (P = 0.006) while the combined miR-499 (AA+AG) genotypes were significantly higher in HCC cases than in cirrhosis group (P = 0.003) [OR (95% CI) = 0.131 (0.028-0.601)]. The frequency of the G allele was significantly lower in HCC than other groups (P = 0.024) and significantly lower in HCC than normal group (P = 0.006) [OR (95%CI) = 0.501 (0.304-0.825)]. For miR-196a2 (rs11614913) C>T polymorphisms, no significant association was found with HCC risk. Our study concluded that the G allele of miR-499 is associated with lower risk of HCV related HCC development. No significant association of miR-196a2 (rs 11614913), genotypes or alleles with risk for HCC development, could be detected.     

A germline variant in the interferon regulatory factor 4 gene as a novel skin cancer risk locus

Genome-wide association studies on pigmentary phenotypes provide a pool of candidate genetic markers for skin cancer risk. The SNPs identified from a genome-wide association study of natural hair color were assessed for associations with the risk of three types of skin cancer simultaneously in a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study [218 melanoma, 285 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 300 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases, and 870 common controls]. Along with two known pigmentation loci, MC1R and OCA2, the IRF4 rs12203592 T allele was associated with an increased risk of each type of skin cancer (P value, 6.6 × 10(-4) for melanoma, 7.0 × 10(-7) for SCC, and 0.04 for BCC). This association was further replicated in additional samples (190 melanoma, 252 SCC, and 634 common controls). The P value in the replication set was 0.03 for melanoma and 4.2 × 10(-3) for SCC. The risk of BCC was replicated in an independent set of 213 cases and 718 controls (P value, 0.02). The combined results showed that the association with SCC reached the genome-wide significance level [odds ratio (OR) for additive model = 1.61, 95%CI, 1.36-1.91, P = 3.2 × 10(-8)]. The OR was 1.49 for melanoma (95%CI, 1.23-1.80; P = 4.5 × 10(-5)), and 1.32 for BCC (95%CI, 1.11-1.57; P = 1.6 × 10(-3)). Given that the T allele was shown previously to be associated with increased expression of IRF4 locus, further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of the IRF4 gene in human pigmentation and skin cancer development.     

Association of a Pre-miR-27a Polymorphism with Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis

MicroRNA-27a is highly expressed in cancers and has been identified as an oncogenic microRNA. A geneticvariant in pre-miR-27a (rs895819) with a transition of A to G has been demonstrated to be associated with cancerrisk; however, the results of these studies remain conflicting rather than conclusive. Therefore, we performed ameta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation. Through searching PubMed or other databases up to March2014 using the following MeSH terms and keywords, “miR-27a”, “polymorphism” and “cancer”, seventeencase-control studies were identified in this meta-analysis, including 7,813 cases and 9,602. Crude odds ratios(ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the association strengthbetween rs895819 and the susceptibility of cancer. The results of the overall meta-analysis did not suggest anyassociation between rs895819 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility, and this remained in Asians as a subgroup.In Caucasians, however, the rs895819 was associated with a reduced cancer risk in heterozygous (OR,0.83; 95%CI, 0.75-0.93) and dominant models (OR, 0.84; 95%CI, 0.76-0.93), and the [G] allele of rs895819showed a protective effect (OR, 0.90, 95%CI, 0.84-0.97). Further studies showed a significant association betweenthe [G] allele of rs895819 and decreased risk of breast cancer (0.91; 95%CI, 0.85-0.98), and stratified analysesindicated a protective effect of the [G] allele in Caucasians (OR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.82-0.98), younger breast cancercases (OR, 0.87; 95%CI, 0.79-0.96), and in the group of unilateral breast cancer patients (OR, 0.90; 95%CI,0.83-0.97). These findings suggest an association between pre-miR-27a polymorphism rs895819 and cancer riskin Caucasians. The protective effect of rs895819 [G] allele in younger breast cancer and in the group of unilateralbreast cancer patients await further confirmation since the included studies in this meta-analysis were limited.     

DNA修复基因XPD XPC XRCC4基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关联性研究

  目的  探讨DNA修复基因XPD rs13181（codon751A/C,Lys751Gln）、rs238406（codon156C/A,Arg156Arg）、XPC rs2279017（i11C/A）和XRCC4 rs3734091（codon247T/C,Ala247Ser）的单核苷酸多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系。  方法  采用TaqMan技术对2013年4月至2016年1月北京肿瘤医院收治的338例结直肠癌患者（病例组）和315例健康者（对照组）进行多态位点基因型的检测。  结果  XPD rs13181基因型GT和等位基因G增加个体结直肠癌的发病风险（GT>TT,adjusted OR=1.69,95%CI:1.15~2.47,P=0.007;G>T,adjusted OR=1.77,95%CI:1.19~2.64,P=0.005）;XRCC4 rs3734091基因型GT和等位基因T增加个体结直肠癌的易感性（GT>GG,adjusted OR=9.02,95%CI:5.61~14.50,P＜0.001;T>G,adjusted OR=4.06,95%CI:2.49~6.61,P＜0.001）;XPD rs13181和rs238406的单倍体型GT显著降低结直肠癌的发病风险（adjusted OR=0.39,95%CI:0.18~0.85,P=0.018）。XPCrs2279017等位基因G和XRCC4 rs3734091等位基因T的联合效应（adjusted OR=28.43,95%CI:6.85~117.95,P＜0.001）以及XPD rs13181等位基因G和XRCC4 rs3734091等位基因T的联合效应（adjusted OR=10.24,95%CI:4.69~22.35,P＜0.001）显著增加个体结直肠癌的易感性。  结论  XPD rs13181和XRCC4 rs3734091位点的多态性与结直肠癌的易感性相关。