三氯乙烯致敏小鼠体内补体C3、C4b表达水平研究

选取75只雌性健康BALB/c小鼠,随机分成空白对照组、溶剂对照组、TCE处理组。TCE处理组小鼠致敏率达36.5%。24 h、48 h、72 h、7 d致敏组血清C3a-desArg、C4b浓度与空白对照组、溶剂对照组及相对应的未致敏组相比有明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过RT-PCR检测,灰度值分析显示24 h、48 h致敏组与空白对照组、溶剂对照组、相应未致敏组相比C3、C4b mRNA表达明显增强(P<0.05),但72 h致敏组C3、C4b mRNA有明显的降低(P<0.05)。提示TCE对于BALB/c小鼠皮肤有致敏作用,TCE致敏组小鼠可能存在一定程度的补体活化。     

正、反义基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1基因对小鼠成纤维细胞表达细胞外基质的影响

目的　观察正、反义基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 - 1(TIMP- 1)基因对小鼠成纤维细胞生物学行为的影响。方法　应用正、反义人金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 - 1(TIMP- 1)逆转录病毒表达载体转染 NIH3T3细胞 ,观察其对 NIH3T3细胞增殖的影响 ,Northern blot检测细胞 胶原 (α1)、MMP- 2、MMP- 9、TIMP- 1m RNA的表达 ,酶谱法分析细胞培养液中 MMP- 2、MMP- 9的蛋白表达 ;EL ISA测定细胞培养液中 FN、 、 、 型胶原的含量。结果　正义转染组显示出促细胞生长作用 (P<0 .0 1) ;反义转染组显示抑制细胞生长作用 (P<0 .0 1) ;TIMP- 1m RNA在各组均有表达 ,反义转染组表达明显减弱。正义转染组细胞培养液中 FN及 、 、 型胶原含量明显增高 (P<0 .0 1) ,MMP- 2 ,MMP- 9含量降低 ;而反义转染组 FN及 、 、 型胶原含量明显降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,MMP- 2 ,MMP- 9含量增高。结论　正义 TIMP- 1促进NIH3T3细胞的增殖 ,反义 TIMP- 1则抑制 NIH3T3细胞的增殖 ;反义 TIMP- 1通过抑制细胞 TIMP- 1的表达而促进小鼠成纤维细胞的 FN及 、 、 型胶原降解。     

叶酸、VB6、VB12对血管细胞粘附分子-1表达影响

目的 观察叶酸(FA)、维生素B6(W6)、维生素B12(VB12)对同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)上调内皮细胞血管细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)表达抑制作用.方法 将对数生长期大鼠主动脉内皮细胞随机分为5组,空白对照组、1 mmol/L Hcy组、抑制组I(1 mmol/L Hcy+5 μmol/L FA)、抑制组Ⅱ(1 mmol/L Hcy+5 μmol/L FA+5 nmol/LVB12)、抑制组HI(1 mmol/L Hcy+5 μmol/L FA+0.1 μmol/L VB6+5 nmol/L VB12)、逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测血管细胞粘附分子VCAM-1的表达.结果 与空白对照组比较,1 mmol/L Hcy明显上调核转录因子Kb(NF-Kb)和VCAM-1 mRNA的表达,内皮-单核细胞粘附率由6.03%增加到59.04%(P<0.05);与1 mmol/LHcy组比较,3个抑制组NF-Kb(F=11.547,P=0.000)、VCAM-1 mRNA(F=94.014,P=0.000)的表达均明显下调,抑制组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的内皮-单核细胞的粘附率分别为44.98%,27.23%,10.83%,均明显低于1 mmol/L Hcy组(P<0.05).结论 叶酸、VB6、VB12均可抑制NF-Kb、VCAM-1 mRNA的表达,减少内皮-单核细胞的粘附,缓解Hcy对血管内皮细胞的损伤作用,且三者同时使用效果更好.     

A novel adipokine WISP1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway

BackgroundTo study the effect of WISP1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.MethodLentivirus was transiently transfected into log phase 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which were then treated with LPS at a concentration of 10 μg/mL for 24 h. The cells were divided into the following groups: group A (control, untreated cells); group B (LPS-treated cells); group C (GFP), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing GFP; group D (GFP+LPS), group C treated with LPS;group E (WISP1OE), cells transfected with lentivirus, group F (shNC+LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing nshRNA treated with LPS; group G (shWISP1 +LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing shRNA treated with LPS; group H (WISP1OE+LPS), group E treated with LPS; group I (WISP1OE+LPS+LY294002), group E treated with LPS followed by LY294002 for 24 h.ResultsWISP1 overexpression notably ameliorated cell apoptosis, accompanied with the increased expression of bcl-2, the decreased expressions of bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and promoted the release of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. WISP1 knockdown exhibited the opposite results. In addition, WISP1 stimulated Akt phosphorylation and reduced nuclear translocation of Fork head box protein O3 (FoxO3a) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated by LPS. The inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway diminished the protective effect of WISP1.ConclusionWISP1 prevents 3T3-L1 adipocytes from being injured by LPS by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

The TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) targets CD8+ T cells and augments their antigen-specific responses upon their adoptive transfer into naïve recipient mice

We have recently reported that the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist poly(I:C) induces adjuvant effects to post vaccination CD8+ T cells responses through rapid induction of innate mediators, including NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and inflammatory cytokines. However, whether this TLR3 agonist directly targets CD8+ T cells needs to be carefully investigated. In this study, we found that optimal post vaccination CD8+ T cell responses to ex vivo DC-based vaccination requires triggering of TLR3 signaling pathway in DCs in vitro as well as in the recipient host, indicating a role for other cell types. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that TLRs (TLR1–TLR13) are expressed in purified (>99% pure) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, where the magnitude of the expression was strain and cell type dependent. In vitro, treatment of these purified T cells with poly(I:C) modulated the expression of TLRs including TLR3. Furthermore, non-specific and antigen-specific stimulation of CD8+ T cells by phorbol myristate acetate and MHC class I peptide-pulsed splenocytes, respectively, modulated TLR expression in purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, brief conditioning of purified naïve TCR transgenic OT-1 (CD8+) T cells in vitro with poly(I:C) induced activation of these cells in absence of antigen stimulation. Interestingly, when these in vitro poly(I:C)-conditioned OT-1 cells were adoptively transferred into naïve recipient followed by peptide vaccination, they showed superior expansion and activation to their naïve counterparts. These results suggest that CD8+ T cells can be activated by triggering their TLR3. Furthermore, the data support the notion of direct involvement of TLRs in adaptive immune responses.     

Tumor-specific peptide-based vaccines containing the conformationally biased, response-selective C5a agonists EP54 and EP67 protect against aggressive large B cell lymphoma in a syngeneic murine model

Vaccines to large B cell lymphoma were made by the covalent attachment of an epitope from the gp70 glycoprotein (SSWDFITV) to the N-termini of the conformationally biased, response-selective C5a agonists EP54 (YSFKPMPLaR) and EP67 (YSFKDMP(MeL)aR). Syngeneic Balb/c mice were immunized with these EP54/EP67-containing vaccines and challenged with a lethal dose of the highly liver metastatic and gp70-expressing lymphoma cell line RAW117-H10 to evaluate the ability of these vaccines to induce protective immune outcomes. All mice immunized with SSWDFITVRRYSFKPMPLaR (Vaccine 2) and SSWDFITVRRYSFKDMP(MeL)aR (Vaccine 3) were protected to a lethal challenge of RAW117-H10 lymphoma (>170 days survival) and exhibited no lymphoma infiltration or solid tumor nodules in the liver relative to unvaccinated controls (<18 days survival). Vaccines 2 and 3 contained the protease-sensitive double-Arg (RR) linker sequence between the epitope and the EP54/EP67 moieties in order to provide a site for intracellular proteases to separate the epitope from the EP54/EP67 moieties once internalized by the APC and, consequently, enhance epitope presentation in the context of MHC I/II. These protected mice exhibited an immune outcome consistent with increased involvement of CD8⁺ and/or CD4⁺ T lymphocytes relative to controls and mice that did not survive or showed low survival rates as with Vaccines 1 and 4, which lacked the RR linker sequence. CD8⁺ T lymphocytes activated in response to Vaccines 2 and 3 express cytotoxic specificity for gp70-expressing RAW117-H10 lymphoma cells, but not antigen-irrelevant MDA-MB231A human breast cancer cells. Results are discussed against the backdrop of the ability of EP54/EP67 to selectively target antigens to and activate C5a receptor-bearing antigen presenting cells and the prospects of using such vaccines therapeutically against lymphoma and other cancers.