经皮穿刺置管引流治疗复杂腹腔感染病人的观察与护理

[目的]总结经皮穿刺置管引流治疗复杂腹腔感染的临床观察与护理。[方法]对31例复杂腹腔感染病人应用B超引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗,同时加强护理。[结果]21例病人治愈,3例经外科清创并置管引流治愈,3例病人死亡,4例自动出院。[结论]加强经皮穿刺置管引流治疗复杂腹腔感染病人的观察与护理有利于预后。     

超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺脓肿

胰腺脓肿是急性胰腺炎的感染性并发症。尤以急性坏死性胰腺炎的发生率较高。在以前,一旦合并感染,则需要即刻进行手术引流治疗,但由于该病患者的全身症状较重,手术耐受性较差,故预后较差,病死率较高。我科在1995年7月～1999年10月间尝试采用在超声引导下经皮穿刺置放引流管的方法对11例急性坏死性胰腺炎合并胰腺脓肿患者进行治疗,取得了较好的疗效。     

经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流治疗腹部闭合性损伤的疗效观察

选取我院普外科2012年1月~2014年4月收治的76例行经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流非手术治疗的腹部闭合性损伤患者作为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。68例治疗成功,6例患者由于进行性腹腔出血,腹腔引流管引流量增多而中转手术。其中,肝破裂修补术3例,脾切除术3例;2例患者由于腹膜炎体征加重,行肠穿孔修补术,术后均恢复良好。随访2个月均无腹腔感染、延迟性肝、脾脏出血、肠漏等并发症发生,且患者生活质量较出院前均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流治疗腹部闭合性损伤能能动态观察患者病情变化,具有操作方法简单、安全、创伤小等优点,能有效提高抢救成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流治疗腹部闭合性损伤的疗效观察

选取我院普外科2012年1月~2014年4月收治的76例行经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流非手术治疗的腹部闭合性损伤患者作为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。68例行经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流非手术治疗成功,6例患者由于进行性腹腔出血,腹腔引流管引流量增多而中转手术,2例患者由于腹膜炎体征加重,行肠穿孔修补术。术后均恢复良好。随访2个月均无腹腔感染、延迟性肝、脾脏出血、肠漏等并发症发生,且患者生活质量较出院前均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流治疗腹部闭合性损伤能能动态观察患者病情变化,具有操作方法简单、安全、创伤小等优点,能有效提高抢救成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流在胰腺假性囊肿中应用

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流在胰腺假性囊肿中的应用价值.方法 28例胰腺假性囊肿患者均行超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗.结果 28例均一次置管成功,治愈25例,有效3例,总有效率100％;置管时间15～92 d,4例更换引流管1次,1例更换引流管2次;引流量随时间递减.结论 超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿安全、有效,并发症少.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的临床疗效及预后观察

目的观察超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流(PCD)治疗肝脓肿的临床疗效及预后。方法选择2016年5月～2018年5月我科收治的肝脓肿患者48例,随机分为观察组和对照组各24例。对照组实施超声引导下经皮穿刺针单纯抽吸治疗,观察组实施PCD治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果、临床症状消失时间、住院时间及并发症。结果观察组疼痛消失时间、脓肿消失时间、体温恢复时间及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗总有效率及并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在肝脓肿中应用PCD治疗效果较好,可有效缓解患者临床症状,且并发症少,安全性较高。     

超声引导下经左肝穿刺置管介入治疗小网膜腔残余感染

小网膜腔残余感染是上腹部手术、重症胰腺炎的常见并发症,是腹腔残余感染的特殊组成部分。超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗腹腔感染已非常成熟[1-2],但由于小网膜腔与腹壁之间存在肝、胃、结肠等脏器而没有安全的穿刺路径,以往小网膜腔残余感染需要外科手术切开引流。笔者采用超声引导下经皮经左肝穿刺置管引流的方法,使小网膜腔残余感染的患者避免开腹手术而达到治愈的目的,现报道如下。一、资料与方法1.对象:2005年1月至2011年6月我院收治小网膜腔     

CT引导下经皮穿刺引流治疗肝脓肿13例

近年来,应用CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流技术,以其精确的定位,为肝脓肿提供了一种新的治疗手段,几乎替代了外科手术引流,其具有创伤小、操作简单、成功率高、并发症少、住院时间短和费用低等优点,已逐渐成为目前治疗肝脓肿的首选疗法。我院自2001年3月至20004年6月共有13例肝脓肿患者行CT导引下穿刺抽脓,均获治愈,现介绍如下。     

经皮穿刺置管引流治疗细菌性肝脓肿的观察与护理

细菌性肝脓肿是由细菌感染引起的一种起病急、病情重的化脓性疾病。传统的治疗方法是药物治疗和手术治疗。我院自2002年10月-2005年2月在CT引导下采用美国Bard公司产的穿刺引流装置经皮穿肝、抽脓、冲洗救洽10例细菌性肝脓肿危重病人，取得了满意效果。现介绍如下。     

Ultrasonically and fluoroscopically guided therapeutic percutaneous catheter drainage of the gallbladder

Percutaneous gallbladder drainage was performed in 16 poor surgical risk patients; 13 had acute cholecystitis, 1 had cholangitis and septicemia, 1 had undergone removal of a gallbladder calculus, and 1 had pancreatic carcinoma with bile duct occlusion. Catheterization and drainage of the gallbladder succeeded primarily in all patients. Catheter dislodgement occurred within 24 h in 1 patient without any side effects. One 87-year-old patient died 14 h after the insertion of the catheter from reasons unrelated to the drainage procedure. Percutaneous removal of gallbladder calculi failed in 3 patients, 2 of whom had been successfully treated for cholecystitis by catheter drainage. Percutaneous gallbladder drainage is a fast, low-risk, inexpensive procedure well suited for the treatment of acute, poor surgical risk patients.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术对细菌性肝脓肿患者氧化应激指标及影像学特征的影响

目的  探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术对细菌性肝脓肿患者氧化应激指标及影像学特征的影响。方法  选取2018年10月~2021年7月于我院收治的细菌性肝脓肿患者70例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,35例/组。对照组行传统开腹脓肿切开引流术,观察组行超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术。比较观察组术前术后影像学表现,对比两组临床治疗效果,两组治疗前后氧化应激指标（丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、血清皮质醇）水平和并发症发生情况。结果  观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组（97.14% vs 77.14%,P < 0.05）;影像学结果显示,术前肝区均可见混杂回声区且内部可见液性暗区,术中可见超声引导下穿刺针进入肝脓肿混杂回声区内,术后即刻可见液性暗区消失。观察组手术时间、引流时间、体温恢复时间、住院时间及白细胞数恢复正常时间均短于对照组（P < 0.05）;治疗前,两组超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、皮质醇水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组超氧化物歧化酶水平均升高,且观察组高于对照组（P < 0.05）,两组丙二醛、皮质醇水平均下降,且观察组低于对照组（P < 0.05）;观察组术后胆瘘、脓气胸、伤口感染、肝内脓腔大出血及弥漫性腹膜炎等并发症总发生率明显低于对照组（20.00% vs 2.86%,P < 0.05）。结论  细菌性肝脓肿患者经超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗,疗效显著,且可有效改善血清氧化应激指标水平,且并发症发生率低。     

Risk factors for surgical site infection after major hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery

Major hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HP) surgeries are complex procedures associated with a high incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and are commonly performed in patients with cancer in Japan. This study was performed to investigate the risk factors for SSI, including incisional and organ/space SSI, in HP surgery. The following procedures were included in the study: hepatectomy with and without biliary tract resection, pancreatectomy [pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), others], and open cholecystectomy. In total, 735 patients were analyzed. The incidence of SSI was 17.8% (incisional, 5.2%; organ/space, 15.5%; both 2.9%). The highest incidence of SSI was observed in patients who underwent hepatectomy with biliary tract resection (39.1%), followed by pancreatectomy (PD, 28.8%; others, 29.8%). Almost all SSIs after these three procedures were classified as organ/space (39.1%, 25.0%, and 27.7%, respectively), and these procedures were risk factors for not only total SSI but also organ/space SSI in the multivariate analysis. An American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of ≥3 was a risk factor for incisional SSI. Preoperative biliary drainage, prolonged surgery, concomitant surgery, and massive intraoperative bleeding were associated with SSI. In conclusion, the main type of SSI was organ/space SSI after HP surgery, and different risk factors were identified between organ/space and incisional SSI. Procedure-related factors and preoperative biliary drainage were independent risk factors for SSI. To prevent SSI, the indication for preoperative biliary drainage should be carefully evaluated in patients undergoing HP surgery.     

两种切面超声引导经皮经肝胆道置管引流术对比研究

目的比较两种切面超声引导经皮经肝胆道置管引流术(PTCD)的疗效,探讨如何提高在超声引导下一步快速法PTCD的成功率。方法将158例病理确诊的梗阻性黄疸患者,分别在靶胆管长轴切面和靶胆管斜短轴切面,超声引导下采用套管针一步快速法行PTCD,记录超声引导切面、穿刺成功率、并发症。结果 69例梗阻性黄疸患者行靶胆管长轴切面超声引导PTCD,置管成功61例,并发症8例;89例梗阻性黄疸患者行靶胆管斜短轴切面超声引导PTCD,置管成功87例,并发症2例。两者对靶胆管置管成功率分别为88.4%(61/69)、97.8%(87/89),两者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对梗阻性胆管患者采用超声引导下一步快速置管法,靶胆管斜短轴切面超声引导PTCD优于靶胆管长轴切面超声引导PTCD,值得运用推广。     

经皮穿刺心包置管引流治疗心包积液—附38例报告

目的探讨经皮穿刺置入导管引流心包积液的疗效及安全性。方法38例中等量至大量心包积液患者,在超声引导下置管行心包闭式引流,观察其效果和安全性。结果38例患者均置管成功,置管时间6～30d（平均10d）,均无脏器、组织损伤或感染等情况出现。3例发生导管堵塞,经肝素盐水冲洗后再度通畅;1例出现症状性低血压,以予补液体、升血压药治疗后血压恢复。结论经皮穿刺置入导管行心包引流是一种安全、有效治疗心包积液的方法。     

超声引导经皮穿刺置管引流治疗腹腔脓肿

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流(PCD)治疗腹腔脓肿的技术.方法 超声引导下对91例140次腹腔脓肿患者施行PCD治疗.结果 91例140次PCD治疗中除1次无法置管外,余均能一次置管成功,一次成功率达99.29%.其中16例同时置入两根管,21例先后置入两根管,6例先后置入三根管,共140次.成功置管的90例患者均于引流后48h内症状缓解,其中61例于12h内明显缓解.各小组引流治愈率分别为:膈下脓肿88.89%、胆囊床脓肿100%、胆漏87.50%、胰周脓肿93.10%、肠间脓肿75%、盆腔脓肿92.31%;本组总引流治愈率为86.81%.结论 PCD治疗腹腔脓肿能迅速解除患者的严重症状,具有避免因紧急手术或再次手术引起的并发症优点,充分发挥了超声微创技术创伤少、灵活、准确的优势,明显降低死亡率.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗腹腔脓肿临床效果观察

目的:探讨在腹腔脓肿疾病中采用超声引导下经皮穿刺管引流术治疗的临床效果.方法:选取我院普外科2018年9月—2020年8月收治的90例腹腔脓肿患者作为此次研究对象.所有患者均采用超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术进行治疗,观察对比患者的临床治疗效果、住院时间、脓腔消失时间以及体温恢复时间和并发症等相关情况.结果:经超声引导下...     

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage in early treatment of severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND:

Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) is a minimally invasive intervation for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). This study was undertaken to compare the results of surgery and ultrasound-guided PCD in the treatment of 32 patients with SAP, and to direct clinicians to the most optimal approach for SAP.

METHODS:

In the 32 patients, 19 were proved to have deteriorated clinical signs or symptoms, extensive fluid exudation, and necrosis confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and they underwent operative debridement and drainage. For extensive fluid exudation or necrosis, complete liquefaction and safe catheter implantation, the other 13 patients were given PCD.

RESULTS:

The mortality rate of the surgery group was 26.3%, much higher than that of the PCD group (0%). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.044). The mean time for recovery of the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was 43.8 days in the surgery group, which was significantly longer than that of the PCD group (23.8 days) (P=0.034).

CONCLUSION:

Early PCD guided by ultrasound could decrease the mortality of patients with severe acute pancreatitis, alleviate life-threatening inflammatory complications, and avoid unnecessary emergency operation.KEY WORDS: Percutaneous catheter drainage, Operation, Severe acute pancreatitis, Clinical efficacy