阿米福汀联合ICE方案治疗老年复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效观察

目的:评价阿米福汀联合ICE方案治疗老年复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:44例老年复发性NHL患者分为ICE治疗组(21例)及阿米福汀联合ICE治疗组(23例),观察2组临床疗效和不良反应。结果:阿米福汀-ICE组23例共接受92个疗程,10例完全缓解(CR),5例部分缓解(PR),总有效率(0R)65．2％。ICE组21例共接受84个疗程,7例CR,4例PR,OR 52．3％。2组主要治疗相关的不良反应为骨髓抑制,阿米福汀-ICE组重度白细胞减少和血小板减少发生率分别为13．0％和26．1％,明显低于ICE组(28．6％和42．9％),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。结论:阿米福汀联合ICE方案是治疗老年复发性NHL的有效挽救方案,其中阿米福汀能明显改善化疗相关的骨髓抑制而不影响其疗效。     

社区家庭照护患者的老年综合征研究

目的研究社区家庭病床患者老年综合征患病率。方法采用老年综合评估和常规的医学评估两种方法对60名65岁以上患有多种慢性疾病的社区家庭病床的老年患者进行老年综合征的患病率评估。结果60名老年患者,年龄67～94岁,平均年龄（79．84-2．1）岁,其中男28人,女32人,患有已明确诊断的慢性病有（6．6±2.0）种。老年综合评估为认知功能减退19例（31．7％）,抑郁症状10例患者（16．6％）,生活活动功能下降22例（36．7％）,在最近1年跌倒16例（26．7％）,尿失禁17例（28．3％）。而常规的医学评估,有明确的认知障碍者2例（3．3％）,抑郁症1例（1．7％）活动功能下降8例（13．3％）,跌倒2例（3．3％）,尿失禁3例（5％）,经过配对卡方检验,与老年综合评估方法比较,P值均〈0．05,差异有统计学意义。结论老年综合征在社区家庭照护老年患者中有较高的患病率,常规的医学评估容易忽视这些症状,推荐常规使用老年综合评估的方法进行检查。     

Treatment of aggressive Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly

A nonanthracycline-containing chemotherapeutic combination for the treatment of intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was evaluated. Thirty-four consecutive and previously untreated patients, with a median age of 75 (range 54-86) years, with aggressive lymphoma, received daily etoposide (60 mg/m² intravenous infusion [IVI]), cytosine arabinoside (50 mg/m² subcutaneously), and methylprednisolone (60 mg/m² IVI) on each of 5 consecutive days. Individuals with limited disease (stages I and II) (n = 9) received six, 3-day cycles of the same therapy and involved field radiation (36 Gy in 20 fractions) between the third and fourth courses. Patients with disseminated lymphoma (n = 25) received 10 cycles over 8 months of the same combination, with the addition of methotrexate (200 mg/m² on days 8 and 15), followed by leucovorin rescue (10 mg/m² orally every 6 hr for 8 doses). Of the 34 patients, 44% entered complete remission (CR), and 7 died before completing the first cycle of chemotherapy. Fifty-six percent of the patients with limited disease and 40% with disseminated lymphoma (P > 0.05) achieved CR. For all patients, median survival was 14 months (range 3 days->54 months), this being 12 and 15 months, respectively. For the entire population of responding patients, median survival has not been reached at a median follow-up of 39 months, while the median CR duration is 21 months. Ten of the 15 responders are alive in unmaintained CR at a median of 41 (range 30-54) months. Myelotoxicity was the major side effect, leading to adjustments in dose and schedule in two-thirds of the patients, although treatment changes did not affect outcome. Of the 15 deaths that occurred in this trial, in 53.3% it was unrelated to lymphoma or its therapy. Four patients that had achieved CR died of cardiovascular events (n = 2) or of progressive second malignancies (n = 2). It is concluded that cytosine arabinoside in combination regimens is effective in selected patients; this is particularly relevant in the elderly. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Functional decline after prolonged bed rest following acute illness in elderly patients: Is trunk control test (TCT) a predictor of recovering ambulation?

Authors wanted to assess the predictive value of the trunk control test (TCT) on recovering ambulation in elderly patients who have developed walking disability. The study design was a prospective study performed in a hospital-based intermediate-care unit. Twenty-one patients (mean age 78.5 ± 6.7 years) were investigated, who had developed walking disability after prolonged bed rest for an acute condition. A comprehensive geriatric assessment with functional status evaluation, based on the activities of daily living (ADL) (expressed as Barthel index = BI), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (expressed as Lawton index = LI), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination-Folstein = MMSE), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale = GDS) and comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index = CCI) was performed within 72 h after admission. A specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation designed a rehabilitation program. TCT was performed in all patients before they started the program. The mean TCT score of the 21 patients was 52.7 ± 22.9 (range: 0–100), while this score was 47.3 ± 16.9 in the 15 patients who recovered ambulation, and 66.2 ± 31.4 in the rest who did not (p = 0.08). No statistically significant differences were observed either in subtotal scores of the TCT between groups. Furthermore, none of the TCT cutoff point was significantly associated with recovery. Cognitive function assessed by the MMSE was significantly better in patients who recovered, than in those who did not (23.4 ± 3.9 vs. 17.8 ± 5.2; p < 0.02). Our conclusion is that TCT has not proved to be a predictor of recovering ambulation in elderly patients. In the present study, cognitive function was significantly associated with recovery after prolonged bed rest.     

老年弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤预后因素及治疗分析

目的探讨老年弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）预后因素,不同治疗方案对其生存的影响。方法回顾性分析72例初发老年DLBCL的性别、年龄、临床分期、B症状、ECOG-PS评分、结外病灶、血清LDH水平、血红蛋白水平、IPI评分与预后的相关性,其中可评价的为64例。比较接受3周CHOP方案34例和接受3周R-CHOP方案30例的生存情况。结果老年DLBCL患者中位生存期40．3个月,2年OS率67．43％,3年OS率49．89％。多因素分析显示年龄、ECOG-PS、临床分期、IPI评分是影响老年DLBCL患者预后的独立危险因素（P〈0．05）。CHOP组和R-CHOP组2年及3年OS率差异均有统计学意义,2年OS率（53．3％VS72．1％,P〈0．05）,3年OS率（39．2％VS60．8％,P〈0．05）。结论年龄、ECOG-PS、临床分期、IPI评分是老年DLBCL患者的预后相关因素,R-CHOP方案疗效优于CHOP方案。     

The role of comprehensive geriatric assessment and functional status in evaluating the patterns of antithrombotic use among older people with atrial fibrillation

Aim of the study is to investigate the use of antithrombotic drugs in older patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at the time of hospital discharge. We enrolled 399 ≥65 years old patients with AF consecutively admitted to our acute geriatric unit from September 2012 to February 2014. Utilization of antithrombotic drugs, comorbidities, functional, mental and nutritional status were evaluated through a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). A Logistic regression model was used to assess variables associated with antithrombotic use. On admission, 198 patients (49.6%) used oral anticoagulants (OAC), 125 (21.3%) antiplatelets, 32 (8%) low weight molecular heparin (LMWH) and 44 (11%) none of them. At discharge the proportion of patients on OAC increased to 55.7%. Age > 90 years (OR = 2.57, CI = 1.28–5.16, p-value = 0.008), severe functional impairment (OR = 3.38, CI = 1.63–7.01, p-value = 0.001), polypharmacy (OR = 2.07, CI = 1.1–3.86, p-value = 0.023), HAS-BLED score (OR = 1.64, CI = 1.09–2.47, p-value = 0.019) and ≥1 OAC contraindication (OR = 5.01, CI = 2.68–9.34, p-value < 0.001) were all associated with OAC underuse.In conclusion, OAC is underused in geriatric patients with AF, while antiplatelet, LMWH and no antithrombotic therapy are relatively overused. Factors associated with the decision to not prescribe OAC lie on a mix of clinical and geriatric variables, among which functional status is particularly relevant.     

When should orthostatic blood pressure changes be evaluated in elderly: 1st, 3rd or 5th minute?

Detection of orthostatic hypotension (OH) is very important in geriatric practice, since OH is associated with mortality, ischemic stroke, falls, cognitive failure and depression. It was aimed to determine the most appropriate time for measuring blood pressure in transition from supine to upright position in order to diagnose OH in elderly. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) including Head up Tilt Table (HUT) test was performed in 407 geriatric patients. Orthostatic changes were assessed separately for the 1st, 3rd and 5th minutes (HUT₁, HUT₃ and HUT₅, respectively) taking the data in supine position as the basis. The mean age, recurrent falls, presence of dementia and Parkinson’s disease, number of drugs, alpha-blocker and anti-dementia drug use, and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the patients with versus without OH; whereas, albumin and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05). However, different from HUT₃ and HUT₅, Charlson Comorbidity Index and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus were higher, the use of antidiabetics, antipsychotics, benzodiazepine, opioid and levodopa were more common (p < 0.05). Statistical significance of the number of drugs and fasting blood glucose level was prominent in HUT₁ as compared to HUT₃ (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Comparison of the patients that had OH only in HUT₁, HUT₃or HUT₅ revealed no difference in terms of CGA parameters. These results suggests that orthostatic blood pressure changes determined at the 1st minute might be more important for geriatric practice. Moreover, 1st minute measurement might be more convenient in the elderly as it requires shorter time in practice.     

康复综合护理对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病老年患者肺功能的影响

目的探讨康复综合护理对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)老年患者肺功能的影响。方法 2012年10月至2014年3月在我院就诊并确诊为COPD的患者为研究对象。将符合纳入标准的148例患者随机分为两组,每组74例。对照组采用常规护理,实验组在常规护理的基础上继以康复综合护理。实验期间观察记录两组患者的健康行为,包括吸烟率、再次住院率及合理膳食等,检测分析两组患者的肺功能情况,包括用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1.0)。结果两组患者的健康行为均有改善,实验组与对照组相比,患者的负性心理(χ2=11.2706)、吸烟率(χ2=17.9950)、再次入院率(χ2=12.0979)显著下降(P0.05),遵医嘱用药(χ2=4.8911)、合理膳食率(χ2=15.1173)显著上升(P0.05)。综合护理措施干预后,患者的肺功能指标FVC(t=8.95)、FEV1.0(t=12.05)、FEV1.0/FVC(t=11.76)和PEFR(t=2.23)显著优于对照组。结论对稳定期COPD老年患者给予康复综合护理能够有效缓解COPD老年患者的病情,遏制疾病引起的肺功能损伤,改善通气功能,提升生活质量,有利于患者康复。     

Multi-disciplinary care of the patient with acute hip fracture: How to optimise the care for the elderly,traumatised patient at and around the time of the fracture to ensure the best short-term outcome as a foundation for the best long-term outcome

Of the 70,000 patients presenting in the UK each year with hip fracture, most are frail, elderly with multiple co-morbidities and polypharmacy. Falls are often attributed to slips or trips, but many reflect the patient's inability to steady themself because of slowed reflexes, poor balance, underlying musculoskeletal disorders, poor vision and sarcopenia. A proportion of patients fall due to an inter-current medical illness, such as chest or urinary sepsis and others from acute presentation of stroke or cardiac arrhythmia.These patients require a coordinated multidisciplinary approach from the point of admission to the point of discharge. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guidance on hip fracture published in 2011 refers to the hip fracture programme [1]. This chapter aims to expand on the concept of the hip fracture programme and how this approach in the acute peri-operative period can ensure the best short-term outcomes as a foundation for the best possible longer-term outcomes.     

Primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 41 patients

Pathological findings in 41 patients (male/female ratio: 1.3/1) with primary localized gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were retrospectively studied and correlated with survival. The median observation period after diagnosis was 32 (0–189) months. Nineteen patients were low-grade NHL, all but one B-cell lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. Twenty-two patients had primary (n-7) or secondary (n=15) high-grade lymphomas; Musshoff stage IE was found in 29 and II E in 12 cases. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range, 26–88 years), and proliferation, measured by the number of mitosis and Ki-67 antigen positivity (MIB-1), was high or moderately high in 24 cases and low in 17 cases. Follicular lymphatic hyperplasia could be found in 25 of 34 evaluable cases, more often in low-grade than in high-grade NHL. Most of the patients were treated by resective surgery and additional ratio- or chemotherapy. Thirteen patients (31%) died (median survival: 10 months), 5 of them within 3 months after surgery owing to postoperative complications. Survival was superior, though not statistically significant, in low-grade lymphomas. Our retrospective anlysis of heterogeneously treated gastric lymphomas reveals that gastric lymphomas, especially of the low-grade MALT type, often remain a localized disease with a good long-term prognosis. Our study confirms previous reports indicating that lymphomas of the MALT type represent a specific clinicopathological entity.     

Failure of intensive chemotherapy in poor prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

In an attempt to improve response and survival rates in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a relatively intense six drug regimen MATCOP was developed comprising four-weekly cycles of methotrexate (100mg/m², IV_Y day 8), Adriamycin (30mg/m², IV_Y days 1,2), teniposide (75 mg/rn², IV, day 1), cyclophophamide (300 mg/m², po, days one to five), Oncovin (1.4 mg/m², IV: maximum 2 mg, days 8,15) and prednisolone (100 mg, po, days one to five). A randomised trial was conducted comparing MATCOP with the standard CHOP regimen, comprising three-weekly cycles of cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m², IV, day 1), Adriamycin (50 mg/m², IV, day 1), Oncovin (1.4 mg/m² IV: maximum 2 mg, day 1) and prednisolone (100 mg, PO, days two to six). Eighty patients with large cell lymphoma, diffuse mixed small cleaved and large cell lymphoma or diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma were randomised, 47 to MATCOP and 33 to CHOP. MATCOP patients experienced increased granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia (p 0.0001), mucositis (p= 0.002) and infections (p= 0.01) compared to CHOP patients. Complete response rates were similar: 66% for MATCOP patients and 61% for CHOP patients. There were no apparent differences in the time to relapse for patients achieving CR, the time to treatment failure or the overall survival time. Thus despite an increase in toxicity, the more intense regimen MATCOP failed to confer any therapeutic benefit compared with the standard CHOP regimen. Survival was not influenced but toxicity was increased by dose intensification. (Aust NZ J Med 1992; 22: 123–128.)     

老年综合评估开展情况的现状调查

目的:分析老年综合评估(CGA)的开展现状。方法:采用方便抽样的方法选取自2020年11月至2021年3月申请试用北京医院老年医学科研发的京颐汇老年综合评估系统的全国各地共191个科室进行调查。通过自设问卷调查科室基本情况、CGA开展情况和培训需求。结果:104个科室(54.5%)已开展CGA,不同医院级别、医院所在地...     

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the vagina case report and review of the literature

The genital tract as primary site of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in women is extremely rare, whereas secondary involvement in advanced disease is found in about 40% of cases. In this report a patient is presented who had a primary vaginal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the centroblastic type according to the Kiel classification, with an excellent response to cytotoxic chemotherapy (CHOP) and event-free disease for 3 years. A review of the literature shows that favorable prognosis of localized disease seems to be a common experience. Primary involvement of the vagina can be successfully treated by pelvic irradiation, but in young women cytotoxic chemotherapy should be considered to preserve fertility.     

Secondary pancreatic involvement by a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. More than 50% of patients have some site of extra-nodal involvement at diagnosis, including the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow. However, a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis is rare. A 57-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and matted lymph nodes in her axilla. She was admitted with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed diffusely enlarged pancreas due to infiltrative neoplasm and peripancreatic lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the axillary mass revealed a large B-cell lymphoma. The patient was classified as stage Ⅳ, based on the Ann Arbor Classification, and as having a high-risk lymphoma, based on the International Prognostic Index. She was started on chemotherapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone). Within a week after chemotherapy, the patient’s abdominal pain resolved. Follow-up CT scan of the abdomen revealed a marked decrease in the size of the pancreas and peripancreatic lymphadenopathy. A literature search revealed only seven cases of primary involvement of the pancreas in B-cell lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis. However, only one case of secondary pancreatic involvement by B-cell lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis has been published. Our case appears to be the second report of such a manifestation. Both cases responded well to chemotherapy.     

儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床特点及疗效

目的：分析儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）早期临床症状的多样性及远期临床疗效。方法：35例NHL中12例为Ⅲ期NHL，23例为Ⅳ期NHL。初发病例27例，复发8例。Ⅳ期和Ⅲ期NHL（T细胞型）患者予MCP－841方案，Ⅲ期B组细胞型中层得予MCP－842方案。化疗前后采用综合措施防治和种并发症。结果：所有病例经MCP－841和MCP－842方案序贯化闻后持续完全缓解（CCR）24例（68.6%）。CCR＞5年10例，CCR中位时间29个月。序贯方案中的强化疗方案应用后骨髓抑制明显，但无感染相关死亡，无严重出血，无明显肝、肾和心脏等重要脏器损伤。结论：儿童NHL早期临床表现具有多样性且不典型，容易误诊，必须予以足够重视。确诊病例经MCP－841和MCP－842方案序贯治疗后，临床疗效较好，毒副反应小且较易恢复，值得临床推广。     

老年营养风险指数用于消化内科住院老年患者营养评估

目的探讨老年营养风险指数(geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI)用于≥80岁高龄患者营养评估的效果。方法选取消化内科住院老年患者96例,采用GNRI进行营养评估,测定12项营养相关指标,分析营养相关指标与GNRI评分的相关性。结果分别通过测量身高或膝高计算理想体质量的方法所得GNRI各营养分组的比率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。GNRI营养评估的4个营养分组之间体质量指数(BMI)、上臂围(MAC)、小腿围(CC)、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、总蛋白(TP)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血红蛋白(HB)的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),转铁蛋白(TRF)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。GNRI评分与BMI、MAC、CC、TSF、TP、PAB具有明显的相关性(P0.05)。结论 GNRI适用于消化内科住院老年患者营养评估,消化内科住院老年患者营养不良发生率较高,应当尽早进行营养干预。     

An In-Service Workshop for Nursing Personnel on the Management of Catastrophic Reactions in Dementia Victims

Nursing personnel contend with catastrophic reactions in dementia victims on a daily basis. Catastrophic reactions, on occasion, may be of sufficient severity to cause harm to caregivers. Therefore, it is important for caregivers to become familiar with this class of behavior and knowledgeable of its management. Catastrophic reactions are responses to antecedent conditions where there is either excessive sensory input or demands exceed abilities. The literature appears unambiguous on this point; prevention is the best way to manage catastrophic reactions by creating an environment and adopting caregiving approaches that delimit these antecedent conditions. The authors have devised a brief in-service training program for nursing personnel that includes three foci: empathy training, theory, and skills. This program has proven highly successful in the authors' institution. It appears that empathy training may serve as an anchor enhancing retention of theory and skills.