Alcohol consumption during murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome accentuates heart pathology due to coxsackievirus

Alcohol, especially after prolonged and excessive consumption, results in marked alteration of host immunity and increased susceptibility to infection. To determine whether ethanol consumption exacerbates coxsackievirus B3 cardiomyopathy during murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), female C57BL/6 mice were infected with LP-BM5 retrovirus and administered 40% ethanol both in water and in solid agar-based form. Cardiac histopathology was semi-quantitatively assessed for lesion severity and induced production of splenocyte: interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma were determined. Ethanol consumption during murine retrovirus infection increased coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis in 85% of the animals and also exacerbated the lesion severity. Mice infected with retrovirus and co-infected with coxsackievirus showed significant heart lesions. Retrovirus infection suppressed Th1 responses, causing cytokine dysregulation and immunosuppression, which facilitated coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. Our data suggest that ethanol consumption heightens the cytokine imbalance to favour a Th2 response by enhancing Th2 and/or by suppressing Th1 function. In conclusion, murine AIDS facilitated severe cardiotoxicity during coxsackievirus infection, while non-retrovirus-infected mice were resistant. These effects were accentuated by ethanol consumption.     

A histopathological analysis of the course of myocarditis in C3H/He mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi clone Sylvio-X10/4

The histopathology of hearts of C3H/He (MTV-) mice infected for 2 to 440 days with Trypanosoma cruzi clone Sylvio-X10/4 was examined. Inflammation was present in most hearts at 14 days post-infection (d.p.i.) and persisted thereafter. Myocardial fibrosis, which was first seen 45 d.p.i. and was more marked after 200 d.p.i., developed at a time when few parasites were present. Fibrosis predominated in subepicardial and subendocardial myocardium, areas of most severe inflammation. Parasites were restricted to myocardial fibres and were found in all mice infected for 14 to 30 days and, in fewer numbers, in 54% of mice infected for more than 30 days. T. cruzi-induced myocarditis in mice was not a self-resolving disease but a dynamic, active process occurring continuously over a long time following infection. This clone-derived T. cruzi stock produced a myocarditis in inbred mice similar to that seen in human chronic Chagas' disease.     

Beneficial effects of dietary arginine supplementation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected mice

To determine any potential benefits of feeding increased amounts of arginine to septic mice, 45 BALB/c mice were randomized into 3 groups. Group A mice were fed 20% casein diet (control), whereas the mice in Groups B and C were given 20% casein diet supplemented with 2% and 4% arginine, respectively. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. On the 10th day on these diets, each mouse was challenged with 2.0×10⁸ colony forming units (CFU) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) organisms intravenously and mortality noted for 20 days. The final survival rate in Group A (20%) tended to be lower than the rates in Group B (60%) and Group C (46%) but without significant difference (p>0.05). Of the surviving mice 20 days post inoculation, in Group B, 7 out of 9 (77%) eliminated the organisms as compared to 1 out of 4 (25%) in Group A, and 3 out of 7 (43%) in Group C. The surviving mice in Group B had significantly heavier splenic weight (140±30mg) as compared to Group A mice (90±10mg). The present data suggest that 2% dietary arginine supplementation may be beneficial in offering protection to the mice following MRSA challenge.     

The influence of infantile handling, age and strain on alcohol selection in mice

Male mice from three inbred strains (C57B1/10J, BALB/cJ and C3H/2lbg) were assigned to infantile handling or control conditions. In a cross-sectional developmental design, handled and control mice were tested for two-choice selection of 10% (v/v) ethanol vs. tap water at 60, 90 or 120 days of age. The volume of fluid consumed from both tubes was recorded for fifteen days. In 60 day old mice, handling produced a trend toward increased total fluid consumption in the C57 mice and a trend toward increased ethanol selection in the BALBs. In 90 day old mice, there were trends noted toward handling-related decreased fluid consumption in BALBs. Also noted was a trend toward handling related increased ethanol selection in C57 mice. In 120 day old mice, a handling-related increase in alcohol selection was noted in the C3H strain.     

口服IL 12重组双歧杆菌对柯萨奇B3病毒诱导BLAB/c小鼠心肌炎的影响

目的构建白细胞介素（IL） 12基因重组双歧杆菌(pBBADs IL 12转化双歧杆菌),观察pBBADs IL 12转化双歧杆菌是否对柯萨奇B3病毒(CVB3)诱导的小鼠心肌炎具有治疗作用。方法构建小鼠IL 12(mIL 12)基因的pBBADs IL 12表达载体,转化双歧杆菌,体外通过酶联免疫吸附试验及Western免疫印迹验证重组双歧杆菌工程菌在L 阿拉伯糖诱导下mIL 12的表达。选取BLAB/c小鼠30只,腹腔内注射CVB3感染剂量,14 d后形成病毒性心肌炎,将感染的小鼠随机分成IL 12组、绿荧光蛋白(GFP)组及生理盐水组。IL 12组给予口服pBBADs IL 12转化双歧杆菌;GFP组给予口服pBBADs GFP转化双歧杆菌;生理盐水组给予腹腔注射无菌PBS（1次/d）。所有小鼠均在治疗14 d后取心脏标本观察心肌病理变化,检测心肌病毒滴度,荧光定量PCR分析Th1细胞因子水平。结果治疗14 d后,HE染色显示IL 12组小鼠心肌炎症程度较GFP组和生理盐水组明显减轻;IL 12组小鼠心脏炎症病变百分比为（18±5）%,心肌的病毒滴度为（2.89±0.18）pfu/g,显著低于GFP组［分别为（31±6）%和（4.83±0.14）pfu/g］及生理盐水组［分别为（32±9）%和（4.80±0.15）pfu/g］,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01）;IL 12组小鼠心脏γ 干扰素［（2.27±0.15）pg/mL］和肿瘤坏死因子 α［（3.05±0.17）pg/mL］水平显著高于GFP组［分别为（1.32±0.11）pg/mL和（2.37±0.16）pg/mL］及生理盐水组［分别为（1.38±0.11）pg/mL和(2.37±0.12)pg/mL］,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。结论此次研究成功构建了一种新型表达mIL 12的双歧杆菌载体,口服IL 12转化双歧杆菌对CVB3病毒诱导的小鼠心肌炎具有较好疗效。     

病毒性心肌炎动物模型的建立及T细胞亚群检测

本文以柯萨奇病毒B_3(CVB_3)感染Balb/c小鼠建立心肌炎模型,检测了小鼠脾脏中T细胞亚群。结果显示,病毒感染后5天,脾脏中Thy1,2~ (T总)增高,7～15天降低,第21天恢复正常。L3T4~ (Th/Ti)于病毒感染后7天开始增高,直到21天均明显高于对照组。lyt 2~ (Tc/Ts)于病毒感染后5-21天均明显高于对照组,结果提示,病毒感染本身和T细胞介导的免疫均参与病毒性心肌炎的发病。     

Low affinity hypothalamic [3H]mazindol binding: a probe for hypothalamic body weight regulation?

It has been previously suggested that low affinity [3H]mazindol binding in the hypothalamus correlates with body weight and obesity. Low affinity [3H]mazindol binding in hypothalamic crude synaptosome preparations was carried out in normoglycemic obese mice (C57 B1/6J ob/ob) as well as in their lean littermates (C57 B1/6J +/?). NIH Swiss mice were used as additional controls. Furthermore the effect on this binding site of repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS), a treatment known to change body weight gain, was studied in rats. Neither Bmax nor Kd were altered in obese mice compared with their lean littermates or NIH Swiss mice. The obese mice had a significantly greater body weight and weight gain than either control group. Once-daily ECS over 10 days (which significantly reduced weight gain in rats) did not change binding parameters for [3H]mazindol in hypothalami. The present data do not appear to support the hypothesis that this low affinity binding site has a physiological function in the control of body weight and obesity, at least in the examined paradigm.     

Emergency prevention of extinction of a transgenic allele in a less-fertile transgenic mouse line by crossing with an inbred or outbred mouse strain coupled with assisted reproductive technologies

Certain transgenic mouse lines are difficult to breed or archive and, consequently, their transgenes become lost. We examined a C57BL/6 mouse line (B6-tg), transgenic for green fluorescent protein (GFP) with low fertility, and its crosses with the more prolific inbred C3HeB/FeJ (C3) and outbred Swiss (SW) strains in order to assess the possibility of emergency prevention of extinction of a transgenic allele by using assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Out-crossing was performed by natural mating or in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with heterozygous mice. Most of the crossing combinations resulted in improved archiving and rederivation efficiencies of the transgenic allele. Natural crossing increased both mean litter size by two to three pups and the superovulatory rate from 69% for B6-tg to 70-90% for females from the out-crosses. Each plug-positive B6-tg female yielded an average of 4.6 two-cell embryos, whereas females from the out-crosses produced three- to fivefold that amount. After thawing, 13% of B6-tg embryos and 6-12% of out-crossed embryos developed into transgenic pups after transfer into recipients. After IVF with cryopreserved spermatozoa, cleavage rates were 4% for B6-tg, 22-37% for B6-tg oocytes out-crossed with C3 and SW spermatozoa, 9-49% for gametes from out-crossed mice and 28-44% for back-crosses with B6 oocytes. Transgenic pups were not derived from IVF with B6-tg gametes when either fresh or cryopreserved spermatozoa were used. Rederivation efficiencies were 7% and 4% from out-crosses of B6-tg oocytes with C3 and SW spermatozoa, respectively, 6-22% for gametes from out-crossed mice and 4-10% for the back-crosses. Although out-crossing changes the original genetic background, the strategy of crossing coupled with ART prevents the extinction of an allele of interest, especially where archiving and rederivation of the transgenic line fail.     

藻蓝蛋白对柯萨奇B3病毒性心肌炎小鼠IGF-1表达的影响

目的 探讨藻蓝蛋白对病毒性心肌炎小鼠胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin like growth factor-1,IGF-1)表达的影响。方法 55只BalB/c小鼠,雄性,4周龄,随机分成三组:A组空白对照(15只);B组病毒对照(20只);C组藻蓝蛋白干预(20只)。于病毒接种第15天采血、处死、取心脏,光镜检查心肌病理变化,ELISA检测血清IGF-1水平,反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及实时聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测心肌IGF-1 mRNA表达。结果 1)藻蓝蛋白干预组生存率较病毒对照组提高(P＜0.05);2)病毒对照组血清IGF-1水平及心肌IGF-1 mRNA表达高于空白对照组(P＜0.05);3)藻蓝蛋白干预组心肌病理积分、血清IGF-1水平及心肌IGF-1 mRNA表达低于病毒对照组(P＜0.05)。 结论 藻蓝蛋白可以减轻心肌受损,其保护作用可能与影响IGF-1表达有关。     

Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin C in Combination With Vitamin K3 on Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Xenografted in C57BL/6 Mice

Vitamin C in combination with vitamin K3 (vit CK3) has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Herein, C57BL/6 mice were implanted (s.c.) with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) for 9 days before injection (i.p.) with low-dose (100 mg vit C/kg + 1 mg vit K3/kg), high-dose (1,000 mg vit C/kg + 10 mg vit K3/kg) vit CK3 twice a week for an additional 28 days. As expected, vit CK3 or cisplatin (6 mg/kg, as a positive control) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in LLC-bearing mice. Vit CK3 restored the body weight of tumor-bearing mice to the level of tumor-free mice. Vit CK3 significantly decreased activities of plasma metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). In lung tissues, vit CK3 1) increased protein expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), TIMP-2, nonmetastatic protein 23 homolog 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; 2) reduced protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9; and 3) inhibited the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These results demonstrate that vit CK3 inhibits primary tumor growth and exhibits antimetastastic potential in vivo through attenuated tumor invasion and proliferation.     

Inhibitory effect of vitamin C in combination with vitamin K3 on tumor growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma xenografted in C57BL/6 mice

Vitamin C in combination with vitamin K3 (vit CK3) has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Herein, C57BL/6 mice were implanted (s.c.) with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) for 9 days before injection (i.p.) with low-dose (100 mg vit C/kg + 1?mg vit K3/kg), high-dose (1,000 mg vit C/kg + 10 mg vit K3/kg) vit CK3 twice a week for an additional 28 days. As expected, vit CK3 or cisplatin (6 mg/kg, as a positive control) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in LLC-bearing mice. Vit CK3 restored the body weight of tumor-bearing mice to the level of tumor-free mice. Vit CK3 significantly decreased activities of plasma metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). In lung tissues, vit CK3 1) increased protein expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), TIMP-2, nonmetastatic protein 23 homolog 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; 2) reduced protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9; and 3) inhibited the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These results demonstrate that vit CK3 inhibits primary tumor growth and exhibits antimetastastic potential in vivo through attenuated tumor invasion and proliferation.     

Characterization of the ethanol-deprivation effect in substrains of C57BL/6 mice.

Ethanol craving plays a major role in relapse drinking behavior. Relapse and ethanol craving are an important focus for the treatment of alcoholism. The ethanol-deprivation effect (EDE) is a widely used animal model of alcohol craving. While the EDE is widely studied in rats, the molecular mechanisms underlying EDE are not clearly understood. The C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is widely used for behavioral and molecular analyses of ethanol drinking but studies on the EDE have not been reported in this strain. In the present study, we characterized a simple behavioral protocol that rapidly and reliably induced EDE in C57BL/6 mice. Briefly, single-housed adult male C57BL/6NCrl and C57BL/6J mice were presented at the beginning of dark phase with two-bottle choice drinking containing either 10% wt/vol ethanol or tap water for 18 h/day, as well as food ad libitum. Following ethanol drinking for 4 days or 14 days, mice were deprived of ethanol for a period of 4 days. To study EDE, mice were reinstated with two bottles containing either ethanol (10% wt/vol) or water. Mice were exposed to single or multiple ethanol-deprivation cycles. Ethanol consumption (g/kg/18 h) and percent ethanol preference (% preference/18 hrs) was recorded for individual mice. C57BL/6NCrl mice consumed moderate amounts (4.78+/-0.63 g/kg) of ethanol but showed robust EDE after ethanol-drinking episodes (4 days or 14 days) as evidenced by increased ethanol consumption and ethanol preference following reinstatement of ethanol. While repeated ethanol deprivation in C57BL/6NCrl mice transiently increased ethanol consumption and ethanol preference, the magnitude of these behaviors was reduced as compared to the first deprivation cycle. In contrast, the C57BL/6J substrain consumed substantially higher levels (9.65+/-0.90 g/kg) of ethanol but did not show a clear EDE after single or multiple ethanol-deprivation cycles. In conclusion, we established a simple and reliable behavioral model to study EDE in C57BL/6NCrl mice. A reliable behavioral model to study EDE in inbred C57BL/6NCrl mice could greatly facilitate further studies on molecular mechanisms of ethanol craving behavior.     

Antinucleolar autoantibody induced in mice by mercuric chloride

Mercuric chloride (MC) was administered to mice subcutaneously 3 times a week for 4 weeks. When inbred BALB/c, CBA/JN, C3H/He, C57BL/6 and DBA/2 and outbred ICR female mice were given 1 mg/kg MC, 8 of 10 ICR mice developed antinucleolar autoantibodies (AnuA) of the IgG class but none of the inbred mice produced AnuA. So the ICR mice were used in the following experiments. In a kinetic study, in which mice were given 1.5 mg/kg MC, the positivities and titers of AnuA increased time-dependently, and were kept at high levels until 8 weeks after the final treatment. The AnuA titers of mice receiving 0.5-2.0 mg/kg increased dose-dependently, while the positivity was similar at all dosages. The antibody titers were higher in mice pretreated with an intramuscular injection of either complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The titer increase was more prominent in mice administered doses lower than 0.5 mg/kg. Neither nude mice nor mice treated with a monoclonal antibody to L3T4 (GK1.5) developed AnuA. These results indicate that the induction of AnuA by MC depend primarily on L3T4-positive T cells.     

铝染毒对大鼠海马中五种元素含量的影响

目的　探讨铝染毒后对大鼠海马中的锌、铁、铜、钙元素的含量的影响。方法　按大鼠体重 8%的进食量计算 ,分别在基础饲料中添加AlCl3·6H2 O ,分别按 0 (A) ,1 1 2 (B) ,55 9(C) ,1 1 1 9(D)mgAl3+ /kgBW 4个剂量组连续喂饲SD雄性大鼠 90d。然后 ,用原子吸收分光光度法测定大鼠海马中铝、锌、铁、铜和钙的含量。结果　铝经口染毒后 ,大鼠海马中铝含量明显升高 ,且有显著的剂量效应关系。对照组与 3个铝染毒剂量组脑海马中锌、铁、钙、铜含量分别为 :A组 (1 8 2 9± 2 48,2 4 86±1 97,48 69± 2 2 0 8,4 53± 0 99) μg/g ;B组 (1 7 2 2± 2 0 6 ,2 7 54± 2 87,42 79± 1 4 42 ,4 0 6± 0 41 ) μg/g ;C组 (1 4 46± 1 90 ,2 0 1 8± 2 79,2 9 95± 7 33 ,3 98± 0 2 5) μg/g;D组 (1 5 85± 2 54 ,2 0 96± 2 83 ,36 1 4± 1 2 66 ,4 53± 0 58) μg/g。与对照组比较 ,B、C组锌、铁含量均有显著性降低 ,C组的钙有显著性降低。结论　铝经口染毒会造成铝在脑海马中蓄积 ,并对其他一些必需元素在脑海马中的含量产生不同程度影响     

大气细颗粒物致C57BL/6和C3H/He品系小鼠肺损伤过程中信号通路的差异

目的探讨暴露于大气细颗粒物后,C57BL/6和C3H/He两种品系小鼠在肺损伤过程中信号通路是否存在差异。方法采用气管滴注的染毒方法,两种品系的小鼠(C57BL/6小鼠和C3H/He小鼠)均予大气细颗粒物染毒,连续染毒2天,最后一次染毒24小时后,处死小鼠,取肺组织,并且立即置于液氮中保存。然后运用AffymetrixMouse4302.0表达谱基因芯片,分析挖掘在两种品系小鼠肺部有差异的信号通路。结果在染毒前,基因Igh-6、Mmp2、Timp1、Col1a1、Col1a2、C4和Hc的表达在C57BL/6和C3H/He小鼠之间的比值分别为:0.00、-2.40、0.00、-4.42、-4.92、6.65和-1.93,但是在染毒后,比值变为:-2.83、2.15、-2.18、2.40、2.86、4.23和2.18。通过数据挖掘,找到3条有差异的信号通路,包括:炎症反应通路、基质金属蛋白酶通路和经典的补体激活通路。结论3条有差异的信号通路都直接和炎症反应相关,而且最终都表现为在C57BL/6品系小鼠肺部的炎症反应比C3H/He品系小鼠更加剧烈,提示由于遗传背景的不同导致了这种差异的产生。     

Effect of voluntary exercise on genetically obese Cpefat/fat mice: quantitative proteomics of serum

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of voluntary exercise on body weight, food consumption, and levels of serum proteins between wild-type and carboxypeptidase E-deficient (Cpefat/fat) mice. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Study 1 consisted of three groups of female mice: Cpefat/fat mice with continuous access to exercise wheels for 3 weeks (n = 4); wild-type C57BKS mice with access to exercise wheels for 3 weeks (n = 4); and sedentary Cpefat/fat mice (n = 3). Activity, body weight, and food consumption were monitored for this period and a subsequent 9-week period without exercise wheels. Study 2 consisted of four groups of male mice (n = 6 to 7 each): Cpefat/fat mice with exercise wheels, wild-type mice with exercise wheels, and Cpefat/fat and wild-type mice without exercise wheels. Body weight and food consumption were measured over 4 weeks. Sera were collected, and the protein profile was determined by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Cpefat/fat mice were moderately hyperphagic but lost weight during the initial exercise period because of greater energy expenditure. The effect of exercise was temporary, and the mice gained weight after the second week. Several serum proteins were found to be altered by exercise: haptoglobin was decreased by exercise in Cpefat/fat mice, and several kallikreins were increased by exercise in wild-type mice. DISCUSSION: The access to exercise wheels provided an initial weight loss in Cpefat/fat mice, but this effect was offset by elevated food consumption. The serum proteomics results indicated that Cpefat/fat and wild-type mice differed in their response to exercise.     

Voluntary ethanol consumption in 22 inbred mouse strains

Inbred strains are genetically stable across time and laboratories, allowing scientists to accumulate a record of phenotypes, including physiological characteristics and behaviors. To date, the C57/C58 family of inbred mouse strains has been identified as having the highest innate ethanol consumption, but some lineages have rarely or never been surveyed. Thus, the purpose of the present experiment was to measure ethanol preference and intake in 22 inbred mouse strains, some of which have never been tested for ethanol consumption. Male and female mice (A/J, BALB/cByJ, BTBR + T^tf/tf, BUB/BnJ, C57BL/6J, C57BLKS/J, C58/J, CZECH/Ei, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, I/LnJ, LP/J, MA/MyJ, NOD/LtJ, NON/LtJ, NZB/B1NJ, NZW/LacJ, PERA/Ei, RIIIS/J, SEA/GnJ, SM/J, and 129S1/SvlmJ) were individually housed and given unlimited access in a two-bottle choice procedure to one bottle containing tap water and a second containing increasing concentrations of ethanol (3%, 6%, 10%), 0.2% saccharin, and then increasing concentrations of ethanol (3%, 6%, 10%) plus 0.2% saccharin. Mice were given access to each novel solution for a total of 4 days, with a bottle side change every other day. Consistent with previous studies, C57BL/6J (B6) mice consumed an ethanol dose of >10 g/kg/day whereas DBA/2J (D2) mice consumed <2 g/kg/day. No strain voluntarily consumed greater doses of ethanol than B6 mice. Although the C58 and C57BLKS strains showed high ethanol consumption levels that were comparable to B6 mice, the BUB and BTBR strains exhibited low ethanol intakes similar to D2 mice. The addition of 0.2% saccharin to the ethanol solutions significantly increased ethanol intake by most strains and altered the strain distribution pattern. Strong positive correlations (rs ≥ 0.83) were determined between consumption of the unsweetened versus sweetened ethanol solutions. Consumption of saccharin alone was significantly positively correlated with the sweetened ethanol solutions (rs = 0.62–0.81), but the correlation with unsweetened ethanol solutions was considerably lower (rs = 0.37–0.45). These results add new strains to the strain mean database that will facilitate the identification of genetic relationships between voluntary ethanol consumption, saccharin preference, and other phenotypes.     

Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy in mice of different inbred strains

Standard anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug therapy had distinct effects on the bacilli burden in mice of DBA/2, C3H, SWR/J, and C57BL/6 inbred strains. To standardize the TB infection process, susceptible DBA/2 mice were infected with 1/10 of the dose used for relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice, such that the lung CFUs were roughly identical 3 weeks after infection when therapy was initiated. We found that TB treatment was more effective in the susceptible DBA/2 mice than in the relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice.     

输卵管妊娠腹腔镜下不同手术方式对卵巢储备功能的影响

目的探讨输卵管妊娠腹腔镜下不同手术方式对卵巢储备功能的影响。方法选择2010年6月至2011年6月期间在我院妇科行妇科腹腔镜手术的输卵管妊娠患者60例,并选择同期健康志愿者20例。60例输卵管妊娠患者根据手术方式随机分为3组:A组(腹腔镜输卵管开窗妊娠物取出术组),B组(腹腔镜输卵管伞端妊娠物挤出术组),C组(腹腔镜输卵管切除术),每组各20例。采用放射免疫法检测四组患者术前、术后1月、6月的卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二酮(E2)、黄体酮(P)、睾酮(T)水平;采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声检测术前、术后1月、6月卵巢基质内动脉血流参数、卵巢截面积;术后6个月患者月经异常、围绝经期综合征发生率;术后排卵是否正常;术后妊娠率情况。结果①四组患者一般情况比较无明显差异(P>0.05);②术后1个月和术后6个月时:C组FSH、LH水平比A组、B组明显增高(P<0.05),E2、P、T水平比A组、B组明显降低(P<0.05);③术后1个月时和术后6个月时:C组PSV、EDV、卵巢截面积比A、B组明显降低(P<0.05),RI比A组、B组明显增高(P<0.05);④术后6个月随访:C组恢复排卵率及妊娠率比A组、B组明显降低(P<0.05);三组输卵管妊娠患者在月经异常、围绝经期综合征发生率方面无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜输卵管切除术对患者远期的卵巢储备功能存在一定的影响,对有生育要求的妇女应尽可能行保守性手术以保护卵巢功能。     

Adverse cardiovascular effects with acute particulate matter and ozone exposures: interstrain variation in mice

OBJECTIVES: Increased ambient particulate matter (PM) levels are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as shown by numerous epidemiology studies. Few studies have investigated the role of copollutants, such as ozone, in this association. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which PM affects cardiac function remain uncertain. We hypothesized that PM and O(3) induce adverse cardiovascular effects in mice and that these effects are strain dependent. STUDY DESIGN: After implanting radiotelemeters to measure heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) parameters, we exposed C57Bl/6J (B6), C3H/HeJ (HeJ), and C3H/HeOuJ (OuJ) inbred mouse strains to three different daily exposures of filtered air (FA), carbon black particles (CB), or O(3) and CB sequentially [O(3)CB; for CB, 536 +/- 24 microg/m(3); for O(3), 584 +/- 35 ppb (mean +/- SE)]. RESULTS: We observed significant changes in HR and HRV in all strains due to O(3)CB exposure, but not due to sequential FA and CB exposure (FACB). The data suggest that primarily acute HR and HRV effects occur during O(3)CB exposure, especially in HeJ and OuJ mice. For example, HeJ and OuJ mice demonstrated dramatic increases in HRV parameters associated with marked brady-cardia during O(3)CB exposure. In contrast, depressed HR responses occurred in B6 mice without detectable changes in HRV parameters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that important interstrain differences exist with respect to PM- and O(3)-induced cardiac effects. This interstrain variation suggests that genetic factors may modulate HR regulation in response to and recuperation from acute copollutant exposures.