卵巢上皮细胞肿瘤中凋亡调控因子Smac的表达及意义

目的:探讨上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织中Smac的表达及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化技术分别检测20例正常卵巢、25例良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤及55例上皮性卵巢癌组织中Smac蛋白表达水平。结果:Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达率为45.45%,明显低于良性卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织76%和正常卵巢组织90%,且上皮性恶性卵巢肿瘤化疗患者组织中的Smac表达高于未化疗患者,经统计学分析差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:Smac在上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展中起重要作用;Smac有望成为治疗卵巢癌的新靶点。     

CB和MMP-2在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其相关性的研究

目的:探讨组织蛋白酶B(cathepsin B,CB)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metalloproteinases-2,MMP-2)在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其相关性.方法:采用免疫组化法检测60例上皮性卵巢癌组织、20例卵巢良性肿瘤、20例交界性上皮性卵巢肿瘤以及10例正常卵巢组织中CB和MMP-2的表达情况.结果:CB和MMP-2在正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性肿瘤、卵巢交界性肿瘤、上皮性卵巢癌中表达水平呈明显上升趋势,CB和MMP-2在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达与组织病理分级、淋巴结转移均呈正相关,与临床分期、组织学分型无关.二者在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达呈正相关.结论:CB和MMP-2表达升高在上皮性卵巢癌的发生、分化、进展过程中起重要的作用,CB和MMP-2基因有可能成为治疗卵巢癌的新靶点     

MMP7蛋白及mRNA在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨MMP7在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法 采用免疫组化方法及原位杂交方法检测10例正常卵巢组织、10例良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织和54例上皮性卵巢癌组织中MMP7蛋白的表达。结果 正常卵巢组织及良性卵巢肿瘤组织中,MMP7蛋白不表达;上皮性卵巢癌组织中,MMP7阳性表达率为88.89%。MMP7的表达与上皮性卵巢癌的临床分期和病理分级有关,与淋巴结转移无关。MMP7的mRNA与蛋白表达呈正相关(P＜0.0001)。结论 上皮性卵巢癌组织中,MMP7蛋白高度表达。MMP7蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌的发生过程中发挥着重要的作用,MMP7蛋白及mRNA表达水平可以作为判断卵巢癌预后的指标。     

MMP-2在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨MMP-2在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义.方法:15例正常卵巢组织、15例良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织, 89例上皮性卵巢癌组织标本,用免疫组化法检测MMP-2蛋白表达.结果:正常卵巢组织及良性卵巢肿瘤组织中,MMP-2蛋白不表达或低表达.上皮性卵巢癌中,MMP-2表达水平明显升高,高表达率为50.6%.MMP-2高表达与肿瘤晚期、瘤细胞的低分化、肿瘤转移有显著的相关性(P<0.05).结论:上皮性卵巢癌组织中,MMP-2蛋白表达上调.MMP-2蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌的生长和转移过程中发挥重要作用,有可能作为判断卵巢癌预后的指标.     

Wnt信号通路关键蛋白与上皮性卵巢癌间的关系

目的:探讨正常卵巢组织,良性、交界性及恶性卵巢肿瘤组织中Wnt信号通路关键蛋白β-catenin及APC的表达及与临床病理特征间的相关性.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测8例正常卵巢组织,15例卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤,14例卵巢交界性上皮肿瘤及69例上皮性卵巢癌中β-catenin和APC蛋白的表达情况.结果:β-catenin在细胞膜上的表达降低及在胞浆中的表达升高,与肿瘤的恶性程度、临床分期、病理学类型及分化相关,并在转移灶中细胞膜上的表达高于原发灶;APC蛋白的表达与肿瘤的恶性程度、临床分期相关.二者均与淋巴结、大网膜的转移、腹水的有无、腹水细胞学的阳性与否及预后无关,β-catenin与APC之间无统计学上的相关性.结论:β-catenin与APC在卵巢上皮性肿瘤的发生、发展过程中起重要作用.     

CB和MMP-2在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其相关性的研究

目的：探讨组织蛋白酶B（cathepsinB,CB）和基质金属蛋白酶-2（matrix metalloproteinases-2,MMP-2）在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其相关性。方法：采用免疫组化法检测60例上皮性卵巢癌组织、20例卵巢良性肿瘤、20例交界性上皮性卵巢肿瘤以及10例正常卵巢组织中CB和MMP-2的表达情况。结果：CB和MMP-2在正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性肿瘤、卵巢交界性肿瘤、上皮性卵巢癌中表达水平呈明显上升趋势,CB和MMP-2在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达与组织病理分级、淋巴结转移均呈正相关,与临床分期、组织学分型无关。二者在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达呈正相关。结论：CB和MMP-2表达升高在上皮性卵巢癌的发生、分化、进展过程中起重要的作用,CB和MMP-2基因有可能成为治疗卵巢癌的新靶点.     

CD44v6和LYVE-1蛋白在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨CD44v6和LYVE-1蛋白在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及意义。方法应用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连接(SP)法检测CD44v6、和LYVE-1在63例卵巢上皮性癌、5例卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤和4例正常卵巢组织中的表达情况。结果正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤和卵巢上皮性癌中CD44v6和LYVE-1蛋白的表达具有显著差异;CD44v6表达强度与卵巢癌临床分期和组织学分级呈正相关,LYVE-1的表达和卵巢癌的临床分期正相关,而不同组织学分级间差异无显著性;CD44v6和LYVE-1的表达强度与淋巴结有无转移显著相关;CD44v6和LYVE-1在卵巢癌中协同表达。结论CD44v6和LYVE-1在卵巢癌发生发展、和淋巴转移中起不同程度的作用,其检测可为卵巢肿瘤生物学行为判定提供参考依据。     

MiR-126、血管内皮生长因子的表达与微血管密度在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的变化

目的 探讨miR-126、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达与微血管密度(MVD)在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的变化及意义.方法 采用qRT-PCR检测21例正常卵巢组织、23例良性卵巢肿瘤组织及45例上皮性卵巢癌组织中miR-126表达水平,采用免疫组化法检测VEGF蛋白表达及MVD.结果 MiR-126在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达明显低于正常卵巢组织、良性卵巢肿瘤组织(P<0.05);VEGF阳性率和MVD在上皮性卵巢癌组织中明显高于正常卵巢组织、良性卵巢肿瘤组织(P<0.05).上皮性卵巢癌组织中miR-126、VEGF及MVD与FIGO分期、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05).结论 MiR-126、VEGF可能与上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展、肿瘤异常血管营养及侵袭转移有关.     

卵巢良恶性肿瘤中TCF4和E－cadherin的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨 TCF4和 E －cadherin 在卵巢癌中的表达意义。方法：采用免疫组化 SP 法检测19例卵巢良性囊腺瘤、19例交界性囊腺瘤、50例恶性肿瘤中 TCF4和 E －cadherin 的表达。结果：TCF4在卵巢癌组织、交界性肿瘤中表达明显高于良性囊腺瘤组织（P ＜0．05）,阳性率分别为76％、63．2％、31．6％。E －cadherin在卵巢良性、交界性肿瘤、卵巢癌中阳性率分别为78．9％、52．6％、36．0％。E －cadherin 在卵巢交界性肿瘤及卵巢癌组织中表达明显低于良性肿瘤组织（P ＜0．05）。E －cadherin 及 TCF4表达与卵巢癌患者年龄无关（P＞0．05）,TCF4表达与卵巢癌病理学分级、FIGO 分期有关（P ＜0．05）。结论：TCF4在卵巢癌中表达高于卵巢良性肿瘤和交界性肿瘤,同时与卵巢癌病理学分级、FIGO 分期成正相关。而 E －cadherin 在卵巢癌中表达低于卵巢良性肿瘤和交界性肿瘤,同时与卵巢癌病理学分级、FIGO 分期负相关。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.